Grammar parses for passage 5.1.8
Open translation for this passage
Αἰτωλῷ δὲ μετὰ Ἐπειὸν βασιλεύσαντι συνέπεσεν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φυγεῖν, ὅτι αὐτὸν οἱ Ἄπιδος παῖδες ἐφʼ αἵματι ἀκουσίῳ δίκην εἷλον·
Impersonal συνέπεσεν governs the dative Αἰτωλῷ and complementary infinitive φυγεῖν; the following ὅτι-clause gives the cause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰτωλῷ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | Ne-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 συνέπεσεν | iobj | high | Dative subject of the impersonal verb συνέπεσεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c | _ | 6 συνέπεσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R- | _ | 4 Ἐπειὸν | case | high | With accusative, temporal sense. |
| 4 | Ἐπειὸν | Ἐπειός | PROPN | Ne-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύσαντι | obl | medium | Object of μετά in a temporal phrase. |
| 5 | βασιλεύσαντι | βασιλεύω | VERB | V-AorActPart-DatSgMasc | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Αἰτωλῷ | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with Αἰτωλῷ; temporal. |
| 6 | συνέπεσεν | συμπίπτω | VERB | V-2AorAct-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal construction: it befell Aetolus. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 8 Πελοποννήσου | case | high | |
| 8 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | Ne-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 φυγεῖν | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 9 | φυγεῖν | φεύγω | VERB | V-2AorAct-Inf | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 συνέπεσεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after συνέπεσεν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συνέπεσεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C | _ | 20 εἷλον | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 12 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3ms-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 εἷλον | obj | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἄπιδος | Ἄπις | PROPN | Ne-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 παῖδες | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive: the sons of Apis. |
| 15 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-Nom-Pl-Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 εἷλον | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | _ | 17 αἵματι | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 17 | αἵματι | αἷμα | NOUN | N-Dat-Sg-Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 εἷλον | obl | high | ἐπί with dative: on account of/in connection with bloodshed. |
| 18 | ἀκουσίῳ | ἀκούσιος | ADJ | A-Dat-Sg-Neut | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 αἵματι | amod | high | Agrees with αἵματι. |
| 19 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 εἷλον | obj | high | Punishment/penalty as object of εἷλον. |
| 20 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AorAct-Ind-3P | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 6 συνέπεσεν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the causal ὅτι-clause. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συνέπεσεν | punct | high |
Ἆπιν γὰρ τὸν Ἰάσονος ἐκ Παλλαντίου τοῦ Ἀρκάδων ἀπέκτεινεν Αἰτωλὸς ἐπελάσας τὸ ἅρμα τεθέντων ἐπὶ Ἀζᾶνι ἄθλων.
The clause has Αἰτωλός as the subject of ἀπέκτεινεν and ἐπελάσας as a circumstantial participle; τεθέντων ἐπὶ Ἀζᾶνι ἄθλων is treated as a likely genitive absolute, though the attachment and precise sense are compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἆπιν | Ἆπις | PROPN | Ne-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | -------- | _ | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἰάσονος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἰάσονος | Ἰάσων | PROPN | Ne-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἆπιν | nmod | medium | Genitive of parentage/identification with Ἆπιν. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 Παλλαντίου | case | high | |
| 6 | Παλλαντίου | Παλλάντιον | PROPN | Ne-GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Ἰάσονος | nmod | medium | Place-name in genitive after Ἰάσονος; syntactic attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-GMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Παλλαντίου | nmod | medium | Genitive ethnic designation, likely dependent on Παλλαντίου. |
| 9 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | Αἰτωλὸς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | Ne-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἐπελάσας | ἐπελαύνω | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle agreeing with Αἰτωλός. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | Nb-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπελάσας | obj | high | |
| 14 | τεθέντων | τίθημι | VERB | V-APP-GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 ἄθλων | acl | medium | Genitive plural passive participle, agreeing with ἄθλων; likely genitive absolute construction. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Ἀζᾶνι | case | high | |
| 16 | Ἀζᾶνι | Ἀζᾶν | PROPN | Ne-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 τεθέντων | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί. |
| 17 | ἄθλων | ἆθλον | NOUN | Nb-GNP | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐπελάσας | obl | medium | Genitive plural associated with τεθέντων; exact relation is elliptical/uncertain. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high |
ἀπὸ μὲν Αἰτωλοῦ τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀχελῷον οἰκοῦντες ἐκλήθησαν φυγόντος ἐς ταύτην τὴν ἤπειρον, τὴν δὲ Ἐπειῶν ἔσχεν ἀρχὴν Ἠλεῖος, Εὐρυκύδας τε τῆς Ἐνδυμίωνος καὶ---ὅτῳ πιστὰ---πατρὸς ὢν Ποσειδῶνος·
The sentence has two coordinated clauses; φυγόντος is a genitive absolute, and the final elliptical parenthesis is uncertain. The dashes are preserved as punctuation-like tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=GEN | 3 Αἰτωλοῦ | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | Αἰτωλοῦ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἐνδυμίωνος | nmod | high | Personal name. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Αἰτωλοῦ | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐνδυμίωνος | Ἐνδυμίων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | obl | high | Patronymic/ancestral genitive. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | |
| 7 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | Case=ACC | 9 Ἀχελῷον | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ἀχελῷον | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀχελῷον | Ἀχελῷος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκοῦντες | obl | high | River name. |
| 10 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἐκλήθησαν | καλέω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive. |
| 12 | φυγόντος | φεύγω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute; understood subject is Aetolus. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | Case=ACC | 16 ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 14 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | D-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἤπειρον | det | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἤπειρον | det | high | |
| 16 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φυγόντος | obl | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Ἐπειῶν | det | high | |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | ccoonj | high | |
| 20 | Ἐπειῶν | Ἐπειοί | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔσχεν | nmod | high | Genitive of the Eleans. |
| 21 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | conj | high | |
| 22 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 23 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Elean eponym. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | Εὐρυκύδας | Εὐρυκύδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Ἠλεῖος | appos | medium | Likely apposition or explanatory continuation concerning Eleus. |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Εὐρυκύδας | cc | medium | Coordination in the elliptical final phrase. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 Ἐνδυμίωνος | det | high | |
| 28 | Ἐνδυμίωνος | Ἐνδυμίων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Εὐρυκύδας | nmod | high | Genitive of parentage/association. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 πατρὸς | cc | medium | Coordinates the elliptical parenthetical elements. |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 καὶ | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 καὶ | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 29 καὶ | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 33 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | R-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 πιστὰ | obl | low | Dative relative pronoun; construction is textually/semantically uncertain. |
| 34 | πιστὰ | πιστός | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 ὢν | obj | low | Substantival neuter plural, likely object of an elided verb. |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 πιστὰ | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 πιστὰ | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 πιστὰ | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 38 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ὢν | obl | medium | Predicate genitive with ὢν; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 39 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 Εὐρυκύδας | conj | medium | Present participle in an elliptical parenthetical continuation. |
| 40 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 πατρὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πατρός. |
| 41 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | punct | high |
καὶ τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ νῦν ἀντὶ Ἐπειῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλείου μεταβεβλήκασιν.
The perfect verb μεταβεβλήκασιν governs ὄνομα as its object and ἄνθρωποι as subject; τὸ νῦν is an accusative temporal expression modifying the understood/current name, while ἀντὶ Ἐπειῶν and ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλείου are prepositional complements indicating replacement and source. The coordination καὶ is sentence-initial.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ὄνομα | det | high | |
| 3 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obj | medium | Form is nominative/accusative neuter singular; interpreted here as the object of μεταβεβλήκασιν, with article concordant. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἄνθρωποι | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 νῦν | det | high | |
| 7 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 3 ὄνομα | advmod | medium | Substantivized/adverbial temporal expression: ‘now/currently’; τὸ is conventionally analyzed with the expression. |
| 8 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | P | _ | 9 Ἐπειῶν | case | high | |
| 9 | Ἐπειῶν | Ἐπειός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἀντί; name of the Epeians. |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 12 Ἠλείου | case | high | |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 Ἠλείου | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἠλείου | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obl | medium | Proper name/adjectival ethnic substantivized as ‘the Elean’; genitive after ἀπό. |
| 13 | μεταβεβλήκασιν | μεταβάλλω | VERB | V-RIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | punct | high |