Grammar parses for passage 5.1.8
Open translation for this passage
Αἰτωλῷ δὲ μετὰ Ἐπειὸν βασιλεύσαντι συνέπεσεν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου φυγεῖν, ὅτι αὐτὸν οἱ Ἄπιδος παῖδες ἐφʼ αἵματι ἀκουσίῳ δίκην εἷλον·
Main clause with infinitival complement φυγεῖν; the ὅτι-clause explains the cause, and ἐφʼ αἵματι ἀκουσίῳ forms a prepositional phrase modifying the punitive action.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἰτωλῷ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 συνέπεσεν | obl | high | Dative of reference/association with συνέπεσεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 συνέπεσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | Case=Acc | 5 βασιλεύσαντι | case | high | Preposition governing Ἐπειὸν. |
| 4 | Ἐπειὸν | Ἐπειός | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 βασιλεύσαντι | obl | medium | Object of μετὰ; likely refers to the person Epeus/Epeios. |
| 5 | βασιλεύσαντι | βασιλεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Αἰτωλῷ | acl | high | Aorist active participle agreeing with Αἰτωλῷ. |
| 6 | συνέπεσεν | συμπίπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 8 Πελοποννήσου | case | high | Preposition governing Πελοποννήσου. |
| 8 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 φυγεῖν | obl | high | Source relation with φυγεῖν. |
| 9 | φυγεῖν | φεύγω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 συνέπεσεν | xcomp | high | Complement of συνέπεσεν. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συνέπεσεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 20 εἷλον | mark | high | Introduces causal clause. |
| 12 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 εἷλον | obj | high | Object of εἷλον. |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 παῖδες | det | high | Article with παῖδες. |
| 14 | Ἄπιδος | Ἄπις | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 παῖδες | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of παῖδες. |
| 15 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 εἷλον | nsubj | high | Subject of εἷλον. |
| 16 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 19 δίκην | case | high | Preposition governing αἵματι. |
| 17 | αἵματι | αἷμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 δίκην | obl | high | Dative complement in the phrase ἐφʼ αἵματι. |
| 18 | ἀκουσίῳ | ἀκούσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 αἵματι | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of αἵματι. |
| 19 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 εἷλον | obj | high | Internal object/complement of εἷλον. |
| 20 | εἷλον | αἱρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 συνέπεσεν | advcl | high | Causal clause predicate under ὅτι. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 συνέπεσεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Ἆπιν γὰρ τὸν Ἰάσονος ἐκ Παλλαντίου τοῦ Ἀρκάδων ἀπέκτεινεν Αἰτωλὸς ἐπελάσας τὸ ἅρμα τεθέντων ἐπὶ Ἀζᾶνι ἄθλων.
The phrase τεθέντων ἐπὶ Ἀζᾶνι ἄθλων is syntactically compressed; I treat it as a genitive absolute with ἄθλων as its genitive dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἆπιν | Ἆπις | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Object of ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἰάσονος | det | high | Article modifying Ἰάσονος. |
| 4 | Ἰάσονος | Ἰάσων | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Παλλαντίου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Παλλαντίου. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 6 Παλλαντίου | case | high | Preposition governing Παλλαντίου. |
| 6 | Παλλαντίου | Παλλάντιον | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | obl | high | Source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | Article modifying Ἀρκάδων. |
| 8 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Παλλαντίου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Παλλαντίου, likely appositional/partitive description. |
| 9 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | Αἰτωλὸς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 11 | ἐπελάσας | ἐπελαύνω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main clause. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἅρμα | det | high | Article modifying ἅρμα. |
| 13 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπελάσας | obj | high | Object of ἐπελάσας. |
| 14 | τεθέντων | τίθημι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 17 ἄθλων | acl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; syntactic relationship somewhat compressed. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 16 Ἀζᾶνι | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀζᾶνι. |
| 16 | Ἀζᾶνι | Ἀζάνη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τεθέντων | obl | high | Locative/dative complement with ἐπί. |
| 17 | ἄθλων | ἄθλον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 τεθέντων | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of τεθέντων; likely 'of the games'. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἀπὸ μὲν Αἰτωλοῦ τοῦ Ἐνδυμίωνος οἱ περὶ τὸν Ἀχελῷον οἰκοῦντες ἐκλήθησαν φυγόντος ἐς ταύτην τὴν ἤπειρον, τὴν δὲ Ἐπειῶν ἔσχεν ἀρχὴν Ἠλεῖος, Εὐρυκύδας τε τῆς Ἐνδυμίωνος καὶ---ὅτῳ πιστὰ---πατρὸς ὢν Ποσειδῶνος·
The final clause is syntactically difficult and partly elliptical; the genitive absolute and the appositive/participle chain around Εὐρυκύδας are especially uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 3 Αἰτωλοῦ | case | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 3 Αἰτωλοῦ | discourse | high | |
| 3 | Αἰτωλοῦ | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N--S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | obl | high | Governed by ἀπό; genitive after preposition. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SM---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἐνδυμίωνος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἐνδυμίωνος | Ἐνδυμίων | PROPN | N-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Αἰτωλοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Αἰτωλοῦ. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-PM---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 οἰκοῦντες | det | high | |
| 7 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Ἀχελῷον | case | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-SM---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Ἀχελῷον | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἀχελῷον | Ἀχελῷος | PROPN | N-S---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 οἰκοῦντες | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 10 | οἰκοῦντες | οἰκέω | VERB | PAPMPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | nsubj | high | Participle modifying the subject of ἐκλήθησαν. |
| 11 | ἐκλήθησαν | καλέω | VERB | API3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | φυγόντος | φεύγω | VERB | AAPMSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with missing/implicit subject. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 16 ἤπειρον | case | high | |
| 14 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | Pd-FSA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 ἤπειρον | det | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SF---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἤπειρον | det | high | |
| 16 | ἤπειρον | ἤπειρος | NOUN | N-S---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φυγόντος | obl | high | Goal/source phrase within genitive absolute. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | punct | high | |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-SF---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ἀρχὴν | det | high | |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | discourse | high | |
| 20 | Ἐπειῶν | Ἠπειῶται | PROPN | N-P---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 τὴν | nmod | medium | Ethnic adjective used substantivally; lemma uncertain. |
| 21 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 22 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-S---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | obj | high | |
| 23 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-S---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔσχεν. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔσχεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | Εὐρυκύδας | Εὐρυκύδας | PROPN | N-S---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ὢν | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of ὢν. |
| 26 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 25 Εὐρυκύδας | cc | high | |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SF---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Ἐνδυμίωνος | det | high | |
| 28 | Ἐνδυμίωνος | Ἐνδυμίων | PROPN | N-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 Εὐρυκύδας | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of Εὐρυκύδας; exact relation uncertain. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | cc | high | |
| 30 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 31 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 32 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 33 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | Pi-S---D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 34 πιστὰ | iobj | medium | Relative pronoun; role within quoted phrase uncertain. |
| 34 | πιστὰ | πιστός | ADJ | A-P---A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 39 ὢν | obj | low | Possibly adverbial/elliptical phrase; morphology secure, syntax uncertain. |
| 35 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 36 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 37 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 39 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 38 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ὢν | nmod | high | |
| 39 | ὢν | εἰμί | VERB | PAPMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 Εὐρυκύδας | acl | high | Participle agreeing with Εὐρυκύδας. |
| 40 | Ποσειδῶνος | Ποσειδῶν | PROPN | N-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 πατρὸς | nmod | high | |
| 41 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐκλήθησαν | punct | high |
καὶ τὸ ὄνομα οἱ ἄνθρωποι τὸ νῦν ἀντὶ Ἐπειῶν ἀπὸ τοῦ Ἠλείου μεταβεβλήκασιν.
Syntax is straightforward overall; the main uncertainty is the function of τὸ νῦν, which may be an idiomatic temporal phrase or a substantivized modifier of ὄνομα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | cc | high | Coordinating connective. |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with ὄνομα. |
| 3 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | obj | high | Direct object of μεταβεβλήκασιν. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 ἄνθρωποι | det | high | Article with ἄνθρωποι. |
| 5 | ἄνθρωποι | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of the verb. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 νῦν | det | high | Article with νῦν, likely substantivized adverbial phrase. |
| 7 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | _ | _ | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | advmod | medium | Probably adverbial modifier; article may reflect idiomatic ‘the present name’. |
| 8 | ἀντὶ | ἀντί | ADP | _ | _ | 9 Ἐπειῶν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἐπειῶν. |
| 9 | Ἐπειῶν | Ἐπειός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀντὶ | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀντί; form may be ethnicon/name. |
| 10 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 12 Ἠλείου | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦ Ἠλείου. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 Ἠλείου | det | high | Article with Ἠλείου. |
| 12 | Ἠλείου | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀπὸ | obl | high | Substantivized adjective functioning as complement of ἀπό. |
| 13 | μεταβεβλήκασιν | μεταβάλλω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite perfect verb, root of sentence. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 μεταβεβλήκασιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |