Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.10.3

← 5.10.2 5.10.4 →

Passage 5.10.3

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5sentences parsed

107Greek tokens

3,837input tokens

7,826output tokens

Sentence 2

5.10.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 32
Input: 869
Output: 2,082
Total: 2,951

ὕψος μὲν δὴ αὐτοῦ τὸ ἐς τὸν ἀετὸν ἀνῆκον, εἰσίν οἱ ὀκτὼ πόδες καὶ ἑξήκοντα, εὖρος δὲ πέντε καὶ ἐνενήκοντα, τὰ δὲ ἐς μῆκος τριάκοντά τε καὶ διακόσιοι·

Elliptical measurement clauses coordinate under εἰσίν; the final τὰ ἐς μῆκος introduces an accusative extent phrase with an implied measure noun.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὕψος	ὕψος	NOUN	----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 εἰσίν	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	μέν	_	1 ὕψος	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	δή	_	1 ὕψος	discourse	high
4	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	----GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	1 ὕψος	nmod	medium	Possessive genitive, referring to the structure.
5	τὸ	ὁ	DET	----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 ἀνῆκον	nsubj	high
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	εἰς	_	8 ἀετὸν	case	high
7	τὸν	ὁ	DET	----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 ἀετὸν	det	high
8	ἀετὸν	ἀετός	NOUN	----ASM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἀνῆκον	obl	high	Object of ἀνήκον, marking the upward extent.
9	ἀνῆκον	ἀνήκω	VERB	PAPNSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	1 ὕψος	acl	high	Participial modifier of τὸ, substantivized within the measurement phrase.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 εἰσίν	punct	high
11	εἰσίν	εἰμί	VERB	VPAI3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular verb governing the coordinated measurement clauses.
12	οἱ	ὁ	DET	----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	14 πόδες	det	high
13	ὀκτὼ	ὀκτώ	NUM	----NUI-	NumType=Card	14 πόδες	nummod	high
14	πόδες	πούς	NOUN	----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 εἰσίν	nsubj	high
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	καί	_	16 ἑξήκοντα	cc	high
16	ἑξήκοντα	ἑξήκοντα	NUM	----NUI-	NumType=Card	14 πόδες	conj	high	Coordinated numeral in the compound quantity.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 εἰσίν	punct	high
18	εὖρος	εὖρος	NOUN	----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 εἰσίν	nsubj	high
19	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	δέ	_	18 εὖρος	cc	high
20	πέντε	πέντε	NUM	----NUI-	NumType=Card	22 ἐνενήκοντα	nummod	high
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	καί	_	22 ἐνενήκοντα	cc	high
22	ἐνενήκοντα	ἐνενήκοντα	NUM	----NUI-	NumType=Card	18 εὖρος	nummod	high	Together with πέντε, expresses ninety-five.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 εἰσίν	punct	high
24	τὰ	ὁ	DET	----NPN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	27 μῆκος	det	high	Article substantivizing the implied measures.
25	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	δέ	_	24 τὰ	cc	high
26	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	εἰς	_	27 μῆκος	case	high
27	μῆκος	μῆκος	NOUN	----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	28 τριάκοντά	obl	medium	Accusative extent phrase, ‘as regards length’; attached to the following numeral phrase.
28	τριάκοντά	τριάκοντα	NUM	----NUI-	NumType=Card	31 διακόσιοι	nummod	high
29	τε	τε	CCONJ	τε	_	30 καὶ	cc	high
30	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	καί	_	31 διακόσιοι	cc	high
31	διακόσιοι	διακόσιοι	NUM	----NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	11 εἰσίν	nsubj	medium	Numeral phrase is elliptical for a measure noun; agreement reflects the implied masculine plural πόδες.
32	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 εἰσίν	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.10.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 7
Input: 625
Output: 558
Total: 1,183

τέκτων δὲ ἐγένετο αὐτοῦ Λίβων ἐπιχώριος.

Predicate nominative τέκτων is fronted; ἐγένετο takes the genitive possessive αὐτοῦ and subject Λίβων, with ἐπιχώριος agreeing with Λίβων.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τέκτων	τέκτων	NOUN	N--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἐγένετο	xcomp	high	Predicate nominative with γίγνομαι.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	3 ἐγένετο	cc	high
3	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2ADI-SM-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
4	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSN3S-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	5 Λίβων	nmod:poss	high	Possessive genitive: 'his'.
5	Λίβων	Λίβων	PROPN	N--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἐγένετο	nsubj	high	Personal name; nominative subject.
6	ἐπιχώριος	ἐπιχώριος	ADJ	A--NSM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Λίβων	amod	high	Adjectival predicate/attribute agreeing with Λίβων.
7	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐγένετο	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.10.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 15
Input: 702
Output: 1,128
Total: 1,830

κέραμος δὲ οὐ γῆς ὀπτῆς ἐστιν, ἀλλὰ κεράμου τρόπον λίθος ὁ Πεντελῆσιν εἰργασμένος·

The first clause means ‘ceramos is not of fired earth’; the second identifies it as a stone worked at Pentelicus, with κεράμου τρόπον functioning adverbially (‘in the manner of ceramic’). The participle εἰργασμένος agrees with λίθος; Πεντελῆσιν is a locative/place name, with its exact case analysis somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	κέραμος	κέραμος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ἐστιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οὐ	οὐ	PART	T--------	Polarity=Neg	6 ἐστιν	advmod	high
4	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ὀπτῆς	nmod	high
5	ὀπτῆς	ὀπτός	ADJ	A-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐστιν, with γῆς dependent on the adjective.
6	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V3SPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐστιν	punct	high
8	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 λίθος	cc	high	Coordinates the corrective second clause.
9	κεράμου	κέραμος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 τρόπον	nmod	medium	Genitive of manner/likeness in the phrase κεράμου τρόπον.
10	τρόπον	τρόπος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 εἰργασμένος	advmod	medium	Accusative of manner, modifying εἰργασμένος.
11	λίθος	λίθος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἐστιν	conj	medium	Predicate noun coordinated after ἀλλά; the copula is understood.
12	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 λίθος	det	high
13	Πεντελῆσιν	Πεντέλη	PROPN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	14 εἰργασμένος	obl	low	Locative/dative place expression; form is morphologically difficult and may reflect a place-name variant.
14	εἰργασμένος	ἐργάζομαι	VERB	V-RMPNSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	11 λίθος	acl	high	Perfect middle/passive participle agreeing with λίθος.
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἐστιν	punct	high

Sentence 5

5.10.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 35
Input: 890
Output: 2,703
Total: 3,593

τὸ δὲ εὕρημα ἀνδρὸς Ναξίου λέγουσιν εἶναι Βύζου , οὗ φασιν ἐν Νάξῳ τὰ ἀγάλματα ἐφʼ ὧν ἐπίγραμμα εἶναι Νάξιος Εὔεργός με γένει Λητοῦς πόρε, Βύζεω παῖς, ὃς πρώτιστος τεῦξε λίθου κέραμον.

The infinitival clause after λέγουσιν has εὕρημα as its subject and Βύζου as a genitive predicate/possessive dependent on ἀνδρός; οὗ is a genitive relative pronoun referring to Βύζου, while the inscription is quoted in apposition to ἐπίγραμμα and contains a first-person dedicatory statement. The identity of πόρε is understood as aorist παροίχομαι/πορέω-like inscriptional form, here analyzed as an active aorist verb meaning ‘gave’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 εὕρημα	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	3 εὕρημα	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	εὕρημα	εὕρημα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 λέγουσιν	ccomp:pred	medium	Subject of the accusative-infinitive construction governed by λέγουσιν.
4	ἀνδρὸς	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Βύζου	nmod	medium	Genitive of source/possession, elaborated by Ναξίου.
5	Ναξίου	Νάξιος	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἀνδρὸς	amod	high	Ethnic adjective agreeing with ἀνδρός.
6	λέγουσιν	λέγω	VERB	V-3PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 λέγουσιν	xcomp	high	Copular infinitive.
8	Βύζου	Βύζος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 εἶναι	nsubj	medium	Genitive predicate/possessive with εἶναι; the form is genitive because the subject is εὕρημα.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 λέγουσιν	punct	high
10	οὗ	ὅς	PRON	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	11 φασιν	nsubj	medium	Relative pronoun referring to Βύζου; genitive understood with φασιν/ἐν Νάξῳ construction.
11	φασιν	φημί	VERB	V-3PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 λέγουσιν	parataxis	high
12	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	13 Νάξῳ	case	high
13	Νάξῳ	Νάξος	PROPN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἀγάλματα	obl	high
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 ἀγάλματα	det	high
15	ἀγάλματα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	11 φασιν	ccomp	medium	Subject of an understood infinitive/copular clause after φασιν; the infinitive is omitted or absorbed in the following construction.
16	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	17 ὧν	case	high	Elided form ἐφʼ before vowel.
17	ὧν	ὅς	PRON	P-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Rel	18 ἐπίγραμμα	nmod	medium	Relative pronoun with ἐπί, ‘on which’; case is genitive in the transmitted form.
18	ἐπίγραμμα	ἐπίγραμμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Subject of the second εἶναι.
19	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 φασιν	xcomp	high	Infinitive under φασιν.
20	Νάξιος	Νάξιος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 Εὔεργός	flat:name	medium	Personal name or ethnic self-identification in the inscription.
21	Εὔεργός	Εὔεργος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἐπίγραμμα	appos	medium	Inscriptional personal name/appositional identification; orthography and syntactic punctuation are uncertain.
22	με	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1ASM	Case=Acc\|Number=Sing\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	25 πόρε	obj	high
23	γένει	γένος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 Νάξιος	obl	medium	Dative of respect, ‘by/ in lineage’; syntactic attachment within the inscription is uncertain.
24	Λητοῦς	Λητώ	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 γένει	nmod	high
25	πόρε	πορέω	VERB	V-A3S--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	21 Εὔεργός	acl	low	Inscriptional form; lemma and exact parsing are uncertain. Analyzed as aorist active ‘gave’.
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	25 πόρε	punct	high
27	Βύζεω	Βύζος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 παῖς	nmod:poss	high	Possessive genitive, ‘son of Byzus’.
28	παῖς	παῖς	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 πόρε	nsubj	medium	Appositional subject/predicate within the inscription; likely ‘[I am] son of Byzus’.
29	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	28 παῖς	punct	high
30	ὃς	ὅς	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	32 τεῦξε	nsubj	high	Refers to Βύζεω παῖς / the named dedicator.
31	πρώτιστος	πρῶτος	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	32 τεῦξε	advmod	medium	Superlative adverb, ‘first of all’.
32	τεῦξε	τεύχω	VERB	V-AIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	25 πόρε	parataxis	high
33	λίθου	λίθος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 κέραμον	nmod	high	Material genitive with κέραμον.
34	κέραμον	κέραμος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 τεῦξε	obj	high
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 λέγουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 6

5.10.3 sentence 6

Tokens: 18
Input: 751
Output: 1,355
Total: 2,106

ἡλικίαν δὲ ὁ Βύζης οὗτος κατὰ Ἀλυάττην ἦν τὸν Λυδὸν καὶ Ἀστυάγην τὸν Κυαξάρου βασιλεύοντα ἐν Μήδοις.

ἦν is copular, with ὁ Βύζης οὗτος as subject and ἡλικίαν as a predicative accusative of age; κατά + accusative gives the contemporaneous reference point, while βασιλεύοντα agrees with Ἀστυάγην and governs the genitive Κυαξάρου.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἡλικίαν	ἡλικία	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἦν	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative of age with copular ἦν.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ἦν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Βύζης	det	high
4	Βύζης	Βύζης	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἦν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἦν.
5	οὗτος	οὗτος	DET	RD-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Βύζης	det	high	Demonstrative modifying Βύζης.
6	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	7 Ἀλυάττην	case	high	Accusative-taking preposition.
7	Ἀλυάττην	Ἀλυάττης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἦν	obl	medium	Reference-point accusative with κατά.
8	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Copular predicate.
9	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 Λυδὸν	det	high
10	Λυδὸν	Λυδός	ADJ	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Ἀλυάττην	appos	high	Ethnic apposition to Ἀλυάττην.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 Ἀστυάγην	cc	high	Coordinates the second historical reference.
12	Ἀστυάγην	Ἀστυάγης	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἦν	obl	medium	Second accusative historical reference coordinated with Ἀλυάττην.
13	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 βασιλεύοντα	det	high
14	Κυαξάρου	Κυαξάρης	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 βασιλεύοντα	nmod	high	Patronymic genitive: βασιλεύοντα Κυαξάρου.
15	βασιλεύοντα	βασιλεύω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	12 Ἀστυάγην	acl	high	Participial modifier of Ἀστυάγην; τὸν agrees with it.
16	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	17 Μήδοις	case	high	Locative preposition.
17	Μήδοις	Μῆδος	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 βασιλεύοντα	obl	high	Location governed by ἐν.
18	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἦν	punct	high

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