Grammar parses for passage 5.10.6
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς, ἔστιν ἔμπροσθεν Πέλοπος ἡ πρὸς Οἰνόμαον τῶν ἵππων ἅμιλλα ἔτι μέλλουσα καὶ τὸ ἔργον τοῦ δρόμου παρὰ ἀμφοτέρων ἐν παρασκευῇ.
The sentence has an existential/copular structure: τὰ ἐν τοῖς ἀετοῖς is a fronted topic, with ἔστιν introducing two coordinated nominative subjects/predicatives (ἅμιλλα and ἔργον). ἔμπροσθεν governs the genitive Πέλοπος; μέλλουσα agrees with ἅμιλλα. The second conjunct is elliptical for a state of preparation, with ἐν παρασκευῇ functioning predicatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Fronted neuter plural topic/subject; may be analyzed as substantivized article with omitted noun. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ἀετοῖς | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-----ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀετοῖς | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀετοῖς | ἀετός | NOUN | N-----ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 τὰ | obl | medium | Prepositional modifier of the elliptical/fronted τὰ: 'the things on/in the pediments'. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/copular verb; singular despite coordinated postposed nominative constituents. |
| 8 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 15 ἅμιλλα | advmod | medium | Adverbial predicate/locative modifier, 'in front'. |
| 9 | Πέλοπος | Πέλοψ | PROPN | Ne----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔμπροσθεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἔμπροσθεν. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-----NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἅμιλλα | det | high | |
| 11 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Οἰνόμαον | case | high | |
| 12 | Οἰνόμαον | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | Ne----A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἅμιλλα | obl | high | Accusative complement of πρὸς. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 14 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἅμιλλα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἅμιλλα, 'contest of the horses'. |
| 15 | ἅμιλλα | ἅμιλλα | NOUN | N-----NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | First nominative subject/predicative of ἔστιν. |
| 16 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 μέλλουσα | advmod | high | |
| 17 | μέλλουσα | μέλλω | VERB | V-PAPNF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἅμιλλα | acl | high | Present active participle agreeing with ἅμιλλα: 'still impending/about to occur'. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἔργον | cc | high | |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 20 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | N-----NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject/predicative of ἔστιν. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 δρόμου | det | high | |
| 22 | δρόμου | δρόμος | NOUN | N-----G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔργον, 'the work/business of the race'. |
| 23 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | |
| 24 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P---G-M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual | 20 ἔργον | obl | high | Genitive after παρά, 'on the part of both'. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 παρασκευῇ | case | high | |
| 26 | παρασκευῇ | παρασκευή | NOUN | N-----LF- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔργον | obl | medium | Dative after ἐν; predicative complement understood with ἔργον/ἔστιν, 'in preparation'. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high |
Διὸς δὲ ἀγάλματος κατὰ μέσον πεποιημένου μάλιστα τὸν ἀετόν, ἔστιν Οἰνόμαος ἐν δεξιᾷ τοῦ Διὸς ἐπικείμενος κράνος τῇ κεφαλῇ,
The sentence is an elliptical description: ἔστιν introduces Οἰνόμαος, with κράνος as a nominative predicative noun and ἐπικείμενος agreeing with Οἰνόμαος; the opening genitive absolute-like phrase is syntactically difficult and likely describes the eagle placed centrally on the statue of Zeus.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀγάλματος | nmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 11 ἔστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N--GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 πεποιημένου | obl | medium | Part of the difficult introductory genitive construction. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 μέσον | case | high | |
| 5 | μέσον | μέσος | ADJ | A--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀετόν | advmod | medium | Used adverbially, modifying the placement of the eagle. |
| 6 | πεποιημένου | ποιέω | VERB | V--RMPGN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 ἔστιν | advcl | low | Likely genitive participle in an elliptical or absolute construction; agreement is difficult. |
| 7 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 9 ἀετόν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀετόν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀετόν | ἀετός | NOUN | N--ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πεποιημένου | obj | medium | Accusative object of the participial construction. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V--PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentative finite verb. |
| 12 | Οἰνόμαος | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 14 δεξιᾷ | case | high | |
| 14 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπικείμενος | obl | high | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘right side/hand’. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Διὸς | det | high | |
| 16 | Διὸς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 δεξιᾷ | nmod | high | |
| 17 | ἐπικείμενος | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V--PPMN-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 12 Οἰνόμαος | acl | high | Predicative participle agreeing with Οἰνόμαος. |
| 18 | κράνος | κράνος | NOUN | N--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπικείμενος | obj | medium | Nominative predicative noun with εἰμί; syntactic attachment is elliptical. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S---DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 20 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐπικείμενος | obl | high | Dative with ἐπικείμενος, indicating the body part on which the helmet rests. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔστιν | punct | high |
Μυρτίλος δέ, ὃς ἤλαυνε τῷ Οἰνομάῳ τὸ ἅρμα, κάθηται πρὸ τῶν ἵππων, οἱ δέ εἰσιν ἀριθμὸν οἱ ἵπποι τέσσαρες.
Μυρτίλος is the matrix subject; ὃς introduces a relative clause with τῷ Οἰνομάῳ as dative possessor/recipient of ἤλαυνε. In the final clause, οἱ ἵπποι τέσσαρες is the subject–predicate nominal/adjectival group, with εἰσιν understood as copula and ἀριθμὸν an accusative of measure ('in number').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μυρτίλος | Μυρτίλος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 κάθηται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 κάθηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάθηται | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | Pr----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἤλαυνε | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun refers to Μυρτίλος. |
| 5 | ἤλαυνε | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 κάθηται | acl:relcl | high | |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Οἰνομάῳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Οἰνομάῳ | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἤλαυνε | iobj | medium | Dative with ἐλαύνω, understood as the person for whom/whose chariot is driven. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἅρμα | det | high | |
| 9 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | Nb-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἤλαυνε | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάθηται | punct | high | |
| 11 | κάθηται | κάθημαι | VERB | V3spie--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἵππων | case | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 14 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | Nb-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 κάθηται | obl | high | |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάθηται | punct | high | |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἵπποι | det | high | Substantival article, coordinated clause subject. |
| 17 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 18 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3ppia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 22 τέσσαρες | cop | medium | Copula linking οἱ ἵπποι with τέσσαρες; clause is verbless in some analyses. |
| 19 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | Nb-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 τέσσαρες | obl | medium | Accusative of measure/ respect: 'in number'. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἵπποι | det | high | |
| 21 | ἵπποι | ἵππος | NOUN | Nb-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 τέσσαρες | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | τέσσαρες | τέσσαρες | NUM | Ma-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 κάθηται | conj | medium | Predicate numeral; coordinated clause has εἰσιν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 κάθηται | punct | high |
μετὰ δὲ αὐτόν εἰσιν ἄνδρες δύο· ὀνόματα μέν σφισιν οὐκ ἔστι, θεραπεύειν δὲ ἄρα τοὺς ἵππους καὶ τούτοις προσετέτακτο ὑπὸ τοῦ Οἰνομάου.
The sentence presents two unnamed men and states that caring for the horses had been assigned to them by Oinomaos; the coordination around τούτοις is textually/syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 4 εἰσιν | case | high | With accusative, meaning 'after'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 εἰσιν | obl | high | |
| 4 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3PAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Existential/presentational verb. |
| 5 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Postposed nominative subject. |
| 6 | δύο | δύο | NUM | A-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 5 ἄνδρες | nummod | high | |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἔστι | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰμί in the second clause. |
| 9 | μέν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 ἔστι | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 10 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 ἔστι | iobj | high | Dative of possession. |
| 11 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 ἔστι | advmod | high | |
| 12 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SAI-S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 εἰσιν | parataxis | high | Existential clause: 'they have no names'. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 14 | θεραπεύειν | θεραπεύω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 προσετέτακτο | xcomp | high | Infinitive functioning as the task/subject of προσετέτακτο. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 προσετέτακτο | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | PART | _ | 21 προσετέτακτο | discourse | medium | Inferential particle; may scope over the infinitival clause. |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 ἵππους | det | high | |
| 18 | ἵππους | ἵππος | NOUN | N-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 θεραπεύειν | obj | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 τούτοις | cc | high | Coordinates τούτοις with an understood or contextually supplied dative. |
| 20 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | P-D---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 21 προσετέτακτο | iobj | medium | Dative of persons to whom the assignment applies; καί is syntactically awkward in isolation. |
| 21 | προσετέτακτο | προστάσσω | VERB | V-3S pluperfect? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 12 ἔστι | parataxis | medium | Pluperfect passive, impersonal: 'had been ordered/assigned'; exact morphological parsing of the contracted form is uncertain. |
| 22 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 24 Οἰνομάου | case | high | Agent marker with passive verb. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Οἰνομάου | det | high | |
| 24 | Οἰνομάου | Οἰνόμαος | PROPN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 προσετέτακτο | obl:agent | high | Genitive proper name governed by ὑπό. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 21 προσετέτακτο | punct | high |