Grammar parses for passage 5.11.10
Open translation for this passage
περιθεῖ δὲ ἐν κύκλῳ τὸν μέλανα λίθου Παρίου κρηπίς, ἔρυμα εἶναι τῷ ἐλαίῳ τῷ ἐκχεομένῳ.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: κρηπίς is treated as the clause head, with περιθεῖ as a loosely coordinated finite verb and εἶναι introducing an explanatory infinitival phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | περιθεῖ | περιτίθημι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 κρηπίς | conj | medium | Finite verb; likely coordinated/continuative with the nominal clause, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 περιθεῖ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 4 κύκλῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 4 | κύκλῳ | κύκλος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 περιθεῖ | obl | high | Prepositional complement. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κρηπίς | det | high | Article modifying λίθου/μέλανα phrase is syntactically irregular; likely article with omitted head or with the following noun phrase. |
| 6 | μέλανα | μέλας | ADJ | A-AMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λίθου | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθου. |
| 7 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κρηπίς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of κρηπίς. |
| 8 | Παρίου | Πάριος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λίθου | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying λίθου. |
| 9 | κρηπίς | κρηπίς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main nominal predicate/statement head. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κρηπίς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἔρυμα | ἔρυμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with εἶναι; case form may be appositional/predicative. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-NA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 κρηπίς | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement dependent on the nominal clause, expressing purpose/result/explanation. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἐλαίῳ | det | high | Article modifying ἐλαίῳ. |
| 14 | ἐλαίῳ | ἔλαιον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εἶναι | obl | high | Dative complement within infinitival construction. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 ἐκχεομένῳ | det | high | Article modifying ἐκχεομένῳ. |
| 16 | ἐκχεομένῳ | ἐκχέω | VERB | V-PMP-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐλαίῳ | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying ἐλαίῳ. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κρηπίς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἔλαιον γὰρ τῷ ἀγάλματί ἐστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ συμφέρον, καὶ ἔλαιόν ἐστι τὸ ἀπεῖργον μὴ γίνεσθαι τῷ ἐλέφαντι βλάβος διὰ τὸ ἑλῶδες τῆς Ἄλτεως.
Two linked clauses with copular predicates; the second clause contains a compressed infinitival construction whose internal attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔλαιον | ἔλαιον | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate noun with implied copula in first clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀγάλματί | det | high | Definite article modifying ἀγάλματί. |
| 4 | ἀγάλματί | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 συμφέρον | iobj | medium | Likely dative argument of συμφέρον. |
| 5 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 συμφέρον | cop | high | Copula with συμφέρον as predicative complement. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r------------- | _ | 7 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing locative. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Ne-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 συμφέρον | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐν. |
| 8 | συμφέρον | συμφέρω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicative participle, governing clause around ἔλαιον. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμφέρον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c---------- | _ | 12 ἐστι | cc | high | Coordinates second clause. |
| 11 | ἔλαιόν | ἔλαιον | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 12 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root of second clause. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀπεῖργον | det | high | Article with participle used substantively. |
| 14 | ἀπεῖργον | ἀπείργω | VERB | v-sppann- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἔλαιόν | acl | medium | Substantival participle modifying ἔλαιον; syntax somewhat compressed. |
| 15 | μὴ | μή | PART | g-------- | _ | 16 γίνεσθαι | advmod | high | Negation for infinitive. |
| 16 | γίνεσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | v-pnem--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἀπεῖργον | xcomp | high | Complement of ἀπεῖργον. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐλέφαντι | det | high | Article with ἐλέφαντι. |
| 18 | ἐλέφαντι | ἐλέφας | NOUN | N-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 βλάβος | iobj | high | Dative recipient/affected argument of βλάβος. |
| 19 | βλάβος | βλάβος | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 γίνεσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun within infinitival construction; analysis is somewhat uncertain. |
| 20 | διὰ | διά | ADP | r------------- | _ | 22 ἑλῶδες | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 ἑλῶδες | det | high | Article with ἑλῶδες. |
| 22 | ἑλῶδες | ἑλώδης | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 γίνεσθαι | obl | high | Accusative object of διά. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 Ἄλτεως | det | high | Article with Ἄλτεως. |
| 24 | Ἄλτεως | Ἄλτις | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἑλῶδες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἑλῶδες. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐν ἀκροπόλει δὲ τῇ Ἀθηναίων τὴν καλουμένην Παρθένον οὐκ ἔλαιον, ὕδωρ δὲ τὸ ἐς τὸν ἐλέφαντα ὠφελοῦν ἐστιν·
The sentence is elliptical/contrastive: the first clause likely omits an explicit copula, while the second is a clear copular clause with a participial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 2 ἀκροπόλει | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 2 | ἀκροπόλει | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Ἀθηναίων | det | high | Article modifying Ἀθηναίων. |
| 5 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 ἀκροπόλει | nmod | medium | Possessive/partitive genitive; treated as adjectival ethnic name. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Παρθένον | det | high | Article modifying Παρθένον. |
| 7 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 Παρθένον | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying Παρθένον. |
| 8 | Παρθένον | Παρθένος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἔλαιον | obj | high | Object of implied/copular negated predication with ἔλαιον. |
| 9 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἔλαιον | advmod | high | Negates ἔλαιον. |
| 10 | ἔλαιον | ἔλαιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Nominal predicate/complement in the first contrasted clause; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ὠφελοῦν | det | high | Article modifying participial phrase. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 17 ἐλέφαντα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐλέφαντα | det | high | Article modifying ἐλέφαντα. |
| 17 | ἐλέφαντα | ἐλέφας | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ὠφελοῦν | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐς. |
| 18 | ὠφελοῦν | ὠφελέω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ὕδωρ | acl | medium | Attributive participle modifying ὕδωρ. |
| 19 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/root verb. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἅτε γὰρ αὐχμηρᾶς τῆς ἀκροπόλεως οὔσης διὰ τὸ ἄγαν ὑψηλόν, τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐλέφαντος πεποιημένον ὕδωρ καὶ δρόσον τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος ποθεῖ.
Genitive absolute (αὐχμηρᾶς τῆς ἀκροπόλεως οὔσης) precedes the main clause; διὰ τὸ ἄγαν ὑψηλόν expresses cause, and the accusative phrase τὸ ἄγαλμα... functions as the object of ποθεῖ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 6 οὔσης | mark | high | Comparative/causal particle introducing the clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 1 ἅτε | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | αὐχμηρᾶς | αὐχμηρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀκροπόλεως | amod | high | Adjectival predicate modifier of ἀκροπόλεως. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | Article with ἀκροπόλεως. |
| 5 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 οὔσης | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of οὔσης in a genitive absolute. |
| 6 | οὔσης | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ποθεῖ | advcl | high | Participle forming a genitive absolute dependent on the main clause. |
| 7 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ὑψηλόν | case | high | Preposition governing the articular infinitival phrase. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ὑψηλόν | det | high | Article with ὑψηλόν. |
| 9 | ἄγαν | ἄγαν | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ὑψηλόν | advmod | high | Degree adverb modifying ὑψηλόν. |
| 10 | ὑψηλόν | ὑψηλός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 διὰ | obl | medium | Part of διὰ τὸ ἄγαν ὑψηλόν, nominalized adjective after preposition. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ποθεῖ | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἄγαλμα | det | high | Article with ἄγαλμα. |
| 13 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ποθεῖ | obj | high | Direct object of ποθεῖ. |
| 14 | ἐλέφαντος | ἐλέφας | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πεποιημένον | nmod | high | Genitive of material modifying πεποιημένον. |
| 15 | πεποιημένον | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 ἄγαλμα | amod | high | Perfect participle modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 16 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 δρόσον | obj | high | First object in coordinated pair. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 δρόσον | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 18 | δρόσον | δρόσος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὕδωρ | conj | high | Conjoined with ὕδωρ. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ποθεῖ | det | medium | Article introducing the phrase τὴν ἀπὸ τοῦ ὕδατος. |
| 20 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 22 ὕδατος | case | high | Preposition. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ὕδατος | det | high | Article with ὕδατος. |
| 22 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ποθεῖ | obl | high | Prepositional genitive dependent on ποθεῖ. |
| 23 | ποθεῖ | ποθέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ποθεῖ | punct | high | Sentence final punctuation. |