Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.12.1

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Passage 5.12.1

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3sentences parsed

44Greek tokens

2,090input tokens

3,261output tokens

Sentence 2

5.12.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 19
Input: 737
Output: 1,347
Total: 2,084

ἄλκαι μὲν γὰρ κέρατα ἐπὶ ταῖς ὀφρύσιν ἔχουσιν οἱ ἄρρενες, τὸ δὲ θῆλυ οὐ φύει τὸ παράπαν·

Two coordinated clauses: ἄλκαι is the first-clause subject, with οἱ ἄρρενες as the second subject; τὸ θῆλυ is neuter singular subject of φύει, and τὸ παράπαν is an adverbial accusative meaning ‘at all’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἄλκαι	ἄλκη	NOUN	N--PFN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	8 ἔχουσιν	discourse	high	Correlative particle, anticipating δέ.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	_	_	8 ἔχουσιν	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
4	κέρατα	κέρας	NOUN	N--PAN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἔχουσιν	obj	high
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	7 ὀφρύσιν	case	high	With dative, ‘on/upon’.
6	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	R--PDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 ὀφρύσιν	det	high
7	ὀφρύσιν	ὀφρύς	NOUN	N--PDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	4 κέρατα	obl	high
8	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	οἱ	ὁ	DET	R--PNM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	10 ἄρρενες	det	high
10	ἄρρενες	ἄρρην	NOUN	N--PNM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective/noun, ‘males’.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἔχουσιν	punct	high
12	τὸ	ὁ	DET	R--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 θῆλυ	det	high
13	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	16 φύει	cc:preconj	high	Coordinates the contrasting second clause.
14	θῆλυ	θῆλυς	NOUN	A--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 φύει	nsubj	high	Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the female’.
15	οὐ	οὐ	PART	_	Polarity=Neg	16 φύει	advmod	high
16	φύει	φύω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 ἔχουσιν	conj	high	Coordinated with ἔχουσιν; δέ supplies contrast.
17	τὸ	ὁ	DET	R--ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 παράπαν	det	high	Article in an adverbial accusative phrase.
18	παράπαν	παράπαν	ADV	_	_	16 φύει	advmod	high	With article, adverbial accusative phrase ‘at all’.
19	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἔχουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.12.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 11
Input: 663
Output: 801
Total: 1,464

οἱ δὲ Αἰθιοπικοὶ ταῦροι τὰ κέρατα φύουσιν ἐπὶ τῇ ῥινί.

Simple subject–verb clause: οἱ Αἰθιοπικοὶ ταῦροι is the subject; τὰ κέρατα is the accusative object of φύουσιν, with ἐπί + dative indicating the location on the nose. The adjective Αἰθιοπικοί is substantivized/attributive with ταῦροι.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T----MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ταῦροι	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 φύουσιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Αἰθιοπικοὶ	Αἰθιοπικός	ADJ	A-----MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ταῦροι	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying ταῦροι.
4	ταῦροι	ταῦρος	NOUN	N-----MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 φύουσιν	nsubj	high
5	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	6 κέρατα	det	high
6	κέρατα	κέρας	NOUN	N-----NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 φύουσιν	obj	high
7	φύουσιν	φύω	VERB	V-PAI-3P-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
8	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	10 ῥινί	case	high	Takes the dative here.
9	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ῥινί	det	high
10	ῥινί	ῥίς	NOUN	N-----FD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 φύουσιν	obl	high	Locative oblique complement of ἐπί.
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 φύουσιν	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.12.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 14
Input: 690
Output: 1,113
Total: 1,803

τίς ἂν οὖν ποιήσαιτο ἔτι ἐν μεγάλῳ θαύματι διὰ στόματος ζῴῳ κέρατα ἐκφῦναι;

Interrogative potential optative: τίς ἂν ποιήσαιτο ἔτι ... κέρατα ἐκφῦναι; The infinitive ἐκφῦναι is the complement of ποιήσαιτο, with κέρατα as its accusative subject; διὰ στόματος ζῴῳ is an elliptical/semantically difficult prepositional phrase, probably describing horns sprouting through an animal's mouth.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τίς	τίς	PRON	ἔς-τις	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ποιήσαιτο	nsubj	high	Interrogative pronoun, subject of ποιήσαιτο.
2	ἂν	ἄν	PART	X	_	4 ποιήσαιτο	aux	high	Modal particle governing the potential optative.
3	οὖν	οὖν	CCONJ	X	_	4 ποιήσαιτο	cc	high	Inferential conjunction.
4	ποιήσαιτο	ποιέω	VERB	VAOM3S	Mood=Opt\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Potential aorist middle optative, ‘would make/consider’.
5	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	4 ποιήσαιτο	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the predicate.
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	8 θαύματι	case	high	Preposition governing μεγάλῳ θαύματι.
7	μεγάλῳ	μέγας	ADJ	A-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 θαύματι	amod	high	Adjective agreeing with θαύματι.
8	θαύματι	θαῦμα	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ποιήσαιτο	obl	medium	Dative object of ἐν; phrase means ‘as a great wonder’ or ‘in great astonishment’.
9	διὰ	διά	ADP	R	_	10 στόματος	case	high	Preposition governing στόματος.
10	στόματος	στόμα	NOUN	N-S---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ἐκφῦναι	obl	medium	Genitive after διά; relation to ἐκφῦναι is semantically elliptical.
11	ζῴῳ	ζῷον	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 στόματος	nmod	low	Dative form is syntactically difficult; likely an instrumental/locative adjunct or textually elliptical animal reference.
12	κέρατα	κέρας	NOUN	N-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 ἐκφῦναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
13	ἐκφῦναι	ἐκφύω	VERB	V--ANA	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	4 ποιήσαιτο	xcomp	high	Aorist active infinitive, complement of ποιήσαιτο.
14	;	;	PUNCT	_	_	4 ποιήσαιτο	punct	high	Question punctuation.

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