Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.14.3

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Passage 5.14.3

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2sentences parsed

95Greek tokens

2,055input tokens

6,410output tokens

Sentence 1

5.14.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 56
Input: 1,105
Output: 3,727
Total: 4,832

εἶχον δὲ ἄρα καὶ ἐξ ἀρχῆς οἱ ποταμοὶ καὶ ἐς τόδε ἔχουσιν οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπιτηδείως πρὸς γένεσιν πόας τε καὶ δένδρων· ἀλλὰ πλεῖσται μὲν ὑπὸ Μαιάνδρου μυρῖκαι καὶ μάλιστα αὔξονται, Ἀσωπὸς δὲ ὁ Βοιώτιος βαθυτάτας πέφυκεν ἐκτρέφειν τὰς σχοίνους, τὸ δένδρον δὲ ἡ περσεία μόνου χαίρει τοῦ Νείλου τῷ ὕδατι.

The sentence coordinates several predicates: ἔχουσιν governs the general statement, while αὔξονται, πέφυκεν ἐκτρέφειν, and χαίρει supply contrasting river/tree-specific clauses. The phrase τὰ αὐτὰ ἐπιτηδείως is construed as 'not equally/ in the same way suitable'.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἶχον	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	12 ἔχουσιν	conj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ἔχουσιν	cc	high
3	ἄρα	ἄρα	PART	PART	_	12 ἔχουσιν	discourse	medium	Inferential particle.
4	καὶ	καί	ADV	ADV	_	6 ἀρχῆς	advmod	medium	Here scalar/additive, modifying ἐξ ἀρχῆς.
5	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	6 ἀρχῆς	case	high
6	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	12 ἔχουσιν	obl	high
7	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	8 ποταμοὶ	det	high
8	ποταμοὶ	ποταμός	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural	12 ἔχουσιν	nsubj	high
9	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ἔχουσιν	cc	high
10	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	11 τόδε	case	high
11	τόδε	ὅδε	PRON	D-NSN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	12 ἔχουσιν	obl	high	Temporal extent: 'up to the present'.
12	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
13	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	17 ἐπιτηδείως	advmod	high
14	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	16 αὐτὰ	case	high
15	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-APN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	16 αὐτὰ	det	high
16	αὐτὰ	αὐτός	PRON	P-APN	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	17 ἐπιτηδείως	obl	high	In the same manner.
17	ἐπιτηδείως	ἐπιτηδείως	ADV	ADV	_	12 ἔχουσιν	advmod	high
18	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	19 γένεσιν	case	high
19	γένεσιν	γένεσις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	17 ἐπιτηδείως	obl	high
20	πόας	πόα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	19 γένεσιν	nmod	high	Coordinated with δένδρων in the governed phrase.
21	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	20 πόας	cc	high
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 δένδρων	cc	high
23	δένδρων	δένδρον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Plural	20 πόας	conj	high
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἔχουσιν	punct	high
25	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	30 μυρῖκαι	cc	high	Introduces contrastive clauses.
26	πλεῖσται	πολύς	ADJ	A-NPF-S	Case=Nominative\|Degree=Superlative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	30 μυρῖκαι	amod	high	Predicative/subject adjective with μυρῖκαι.
27	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	33 αὔξονται	discourse	high
28	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	29 Μαιάνδρου	case	high	Agent/source with passive-resultative sense.
29	Μαιάνδρου	Μαίανδρος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	30 μυρῖκαι	obl	high
30	μυρῖκαι	μυρίκη	NOUN	N-NPF	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	33 αὔξονται	nsubj	high
31	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	33 αὔξονται	cc	high
32	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	ADV-S	Degree=Superlative	33 αὔξονται	advmod	high
33	αὔξονται	αὐξάνω	VERB	V-PMI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plural\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Middle	12 ἔχουσιν	conj	medium	Middle/passive morphology; context favors 'grow'.
34	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	33 αὔξονται	punct	high
35	Ἀσωπὸς	Ἀσωπός	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	40 πέφυκεν	nsubj	high
36	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	40 πέφυκεν	cc	high
37	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	38 Βοιώτιος	det	high
38	Βοιώτιος	Βοιώτιος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	35 Ἀσωπὸς	appos	high	Ethnic adjective used appositionally.
39	βαθυτάτας	βαθύς	ADJ	A-APF-S	Case=Accusative\|Degree=Superlative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	43 σχοίνους	amod	high
40	πέφυκεν	φύω	VERB	V-RAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Perfect\|Voice=Active	12 ἔχουσιν	conj	high	With complementary infinitive ἐκτρέφειν.
41	ἐκτρέφειν	ἐκτρέφω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	40 πέφυκεν	xcomp	high
42	τὰς	ὁ	DET	T-APF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	43 σχοίνους	det	high
43	σχοίνους	σχοῖνος	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Plural	41 ἐκτρέφειν	obj	high
44	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	40 πέφυκεν	punct	high
45	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	46 δένδρον	det	high
46	δένδρον	δένδρον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	51 χαίρει	nsubj	high
47	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	51 χαίρει	cc	high
48	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	49 περσεία	det	high
49	περσεία	περσεία	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Feminine\|Number=Singular	46 δένδρον	appos	high	Apposition to τὸ δένδρον.
50	μόνου	μόνος	ADJ	A-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	53 Νείλου	amod	medium	Genitive singular; modifies Νείλου, with exclusive sense.
51	χαίρει	χαίρω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	12 ἔχουσιν	conj	high
52	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	53 Νείλου	det	high
53	Νείλου	Νεῖλος	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	51 χαίρει	obl	high
54	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	55 ὕδατι	det	high
55	ὕδατι	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	51 χαίρει	obl	high	Dative with χαίρω: delight in/be nourished by the water.
56	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	51 χαίρει	punct	high

Sentence 2

5.14.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 39
Input: 950
Output: 2,683
Total: 3,633

οὕτω καὶ τὴν λεύκην θαῦμα οὐδὲν καὶ αἴγειρόν τε καὶ κότινον, τὴν μὲν ἐπὶ Ἀχέροντι ἀναφῦναι πρώτῳ, κότινον δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ Ἀλφειῷ, τὴν δὲ αἴγειρον γῆς τῆς τῶν Κελτῶν καὶ Ἠριδανοῦ τοῦ Κελτικοῦ θρέμμα εἶναι.

The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction governed by an understood reporting verb: λεύκην, αἴγειρον, and κότινον are coordinated accusative subjects of εἶναι/ἀναφῦναι; πρώτῳ is textually and syntactically difficult, likely agreeing with an understood masculine referent or reflecting a corrupt/variant form.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὕτω	οὕτως	ADV	D---------	PronType=Dem	5 θαῦμα	advmod	high
2	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	5 θαῦμα	cc	high
3	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 λεύκην	det	high
4	λεύκην	λεύκη	NOUN	N---AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 θαῦμα	obj	high	Accusative subject of the implied infinitival assertion.
5	θαῦμα	θαῦμα	NOUN	N---ANS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 εἶναι	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative with οὐδὲν; the larger assertion is elliptical.
6	οὐδὲν	οὐδείς	PRON	A--ANS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Neg	5 θαῦμα	nmod	high	Adjectival negative pronoun modifying θαῦμα.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	8 αἴγειρόν	cc	high
8	αἴγειρόν	αἴγειρος	NOUN	N---AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 θαῦμα	conj	high	Coordinated accusative tree-name.
9	τε	τε	CCONJ	C---------	_	8 αἴγειρόν	cc	high
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	11 κότινον	cc	high
11	κότινον	κότινος	NOUN	N---AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 αἴγειρόν	conj	high	Coordinated accusative tree-name.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 θαῦμα	punct	high
13	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 ἀναφῦναι	det	high
14	μὲν	μέν	PART	X---------	_	17 ἀναφῦναι	discourse	high	Correlative μέν marking the first item.
15	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R---------	_	16 Ἀχέροντι	case	high
16	Ἀχέροντι	Ἀχέρων	PROPN	Ne----DS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἀναφῦναι	obl	high
17	ἀναφῦναι	ἀναφύω	VERB	V---AAN-	Aspect=Aor\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	38 εἶναι	conj	high	Infinitive coordinated with εἶναι in the reported assertion.
18	πρώτῳ	πρῶτος	ADJ	A--DSM-	Case=Dat\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 Ἀχέροντι	amod	low	Form is masculine dative and does not straightforwardly agree with Ἀχέροντι; possibly corrupt or agreeing with an unexpressed masculine referent.
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀναφῦναι	punct	high
20	κότινον	κότινος	NOUN	N---AMS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	38 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
21	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---------	_	20 κότινον	cc	high	Correlative δέ marking the second item.
22	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R---------	_	24 Ἀλφειῷ	case	high
23	τῷ	ὁ	DET	S---DNS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	24 Ἀλφειῷ	det	high
24	Ἀλφειῷ	Ἀλφειός	PROPN	Ne----DS-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 κότινον	obl	high
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 κότινον	punct	high
26	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	28 αἴγειρον	det	high
27	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---------	_	28 αἴγειρον	cc	high	Correlative δέ marking the third item.
28	αἴγειρον	αἴγειρος	NOUN	N---AFS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	38 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
29	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	N---GFS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	37 θρέμμα	nmod	high	Genitive of origin or provenance modifying θρέμμα.
30	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S---GFS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	29 γῆς	det	high
31	τῶν	ὁ	DET	S---GP-	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	32 Κελτῶν	det	high
32	Κελτῶν	Κελτός	PROPN	Ne----GP-	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur	29 γῆς	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on γῆς.
33	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	34 Ἠριδανοῦ	cc	high
34	Ἠριδανοῦ	Ἠριδανός	PROPN	Ne----GS-	Case=Gen\|Number=Sing	29 γῆς	conj	high	Coordinated genitive dependent on γῆς.
35	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S---GMS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	36 Κελτικοῦ	det	high
36	Κελτικοῦ	Κελτικός	ADJ	A--GMS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 Ἠριδανοῦ	amod	high
37	θρέμμα	θρέμμα	NOUN	N---ANS-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with εἶναι.
38	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V--PAN-	Aspect=Imp\|Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main infinitive of the elliptical reported construction.
39	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	38 εἶναι	punct	high

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