Grammar parses for passage 5.17.10
Open translation for this passage
οἱ δὲ ἀποτετολμηκότες πυκτεύειν Ἄδμητος καὶ Μόψος ἐστὶν ὁ Ἄμπυκος·
The participle ἀποτετολμηκότες with πυκτεύειν is substantivized: ‘those who have dared to box’; the coordinated names are the subject, with Ἄμπυκος as a predicate nominative after ἐστίν. The syntax is textually awkward, so the attachment of Ἄμπυκος is marked with moderate uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-nominative_plural | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀποτετολμηκότες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀποτετολμηκότες | ἀποτολμάω | VERB | T--PNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Substantivized participle, ‘those who have dared’. |
| 4 | πυκτεύειν | πυκτεύω | VERB | V-PNA | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 3 ἀποτετολμηκότες | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement to the substantivized participle. |
| 5 | Ἄδμητος | Ἄδμητος | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Coordinated nominative personal name; number mismatch with the plural participle is retained from the text. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Μόψος | cc | high | |
| 7 | Μόψος | Μόψος | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἄδμητος | conj | high | Coordinated nominative personal name. |
| 8 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root; singular form despite coordinated names. |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-nominative_singular | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἄμπυκος | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἄμπυκος | Ἄμπυκος | PROPN | N-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative after ἐστίν; the exact discourse relation to the preceding names is syntactically awkward. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἐν μέσῳ δὲ αὐτῶν ἀνὴρ ἑστηκὼς ἐπαυλεῖ, καθότι καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐπὶ τῷ ἅλματι αὐλεῖν τῶν πεντάθλων νομίζουσιν.
The participle ἑστηκώς modifies ἀνήρ; ἐπαυλεῖ is coordinated in sense with the embedded infinitive αὐλεῖν, whose subject is the understood generic plural of νομίζουσιν. καθότι introduces the comparison/explanation, and ἐπὶ τῷ ἅλματι is temporal/circumstantial.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 μέσῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | μέσῳ | μέσος | ADJ | A-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπαυλεῖ | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘in the midst’. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἐπαυλεῖ | cc | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GP---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 2 μέσῳ | nmod | high | |
| 5 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπαυλεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἑστηκὼς | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνὴρ | acl | high | Perfect active participle, with stative sense ‘standing’. |
| 7 | ἐπαυλεῖ | ἐπαυλέω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | ‘Plays the aulos in accompaniment.’ |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπαυλεῖ | punct | high | |
| 9 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 νομίζουσιν | mark | medium | Subordinating conjunction introducing the explanatory/comparative clause. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 αὐλεῖν | cc | high | Connects the infinitival construction with the preceding assertion. |
| 11 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 15 ἅλματι | case | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 12 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-GP---P- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 19 νομίζουσιν | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί: ‘in our practice/time’. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 15 ἅλματι | case | high | |
| 14 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἅλματι | det | high | |
| 15 | ἅλματι | ἅλμα | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 αὐλεῖν | obl | high | Temporal/circumstantial phrase: ‘at the jumping event’. |
| 16 | αὐλεῖν | αὐλέω | VERB | V-PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 νομίζουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on νομίζουσιν. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-GP---M- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 πεντάθλων | det | high | |
| 18 | πεντάθλων | πένταθλον | NOUN | N-GP---N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 αὐλεῖν | nmod | medium | Form is morphologically ambiguous in isolation; taken here as neuter plural genitive, ‘of the pentathletes’/‘of the pentathlon events’ depending on construal. |
| 19 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 καθότι | advcl | medium | Generic plural subject; governs αὐλεῖν. Clause attachment to καθότι is syntactically plausible but semantically somewhat compressed. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπαυλεῖ | punct | high |
Ἰάσονι δὲ καὶ Πηλεῖ τὸ ἔργον τῆς πάλης ἐξ ἴσου καθέστηκε.
Ἰάσονι and Πηλεῖ are coordinated dative participants; τὸ ἔργον is the subject of καθέστηκε, with τῆς πάλης as a genitive complement. ἐξ ἴσου is an idiom meaning ‘equally’; καθέστηκε is perfect active of καθίστημι in the stative sense ‘stands/is established’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἰάσονι | Ἰάσων | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καθέστηκε | iobj | medium | Dative participant/addressee; proper name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Πηλεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 Πηλεῖ | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative names. |
| 4 | Πηλεῖ | Πηλεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ἰάσονι | conj | high | Coordinated dative proper name. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἔργον | det | high | Article agreeing with ἔργον. |
| 6 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 καθέστηκε | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πάλης | det | high | Article agreeing with πάλης. |
| 8 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἔργον, specifying the contest. |
| 9 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 10 ἴσου | case | high | Elided form before a vowel. |
| 10 | ἴσου | ἴσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 καθέστηκε | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive in the idiom ἐξ ἴσου, ‘equally’. |
| 11 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active, stative/resultative sense; exact parsing of the form is somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καθέστηκε | punct | high |
πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Εὐρυβώτας ἀφιεὶς δίσκον, ὅστις δὴ οὗτός ἐστιν ἐπὶ δίσκῳ φήμην ἔχων.
The participle ἀφιεὶς is coordinated with the implied subject of πεποίηται and takes δίσκον as its object; ὅστις introduces an identificational relative clause, with ἐπὶ δίσκῳ expressing the basis or domain of the fame. The exact force of πεποίηται is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RAM-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle indicative; subject is understood from context. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 1 πεποίηται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 1 πεποίηται | cc | high | Coordinating additive particle. |
| 4 | Εὐρυβώτας | Εὐρυβώτας | PROPN | N-P---NA- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 5 ἀφιεὶς | nsubj | medium | Proper name; nominative subject of the participial clause, with case form syncretic in some paradigms. |
| 5 | ἀφιεὶς | ἀφίημι | VERB | V-PAP-NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 πεποίηται | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, sharing the understood subject of πεποίηται. |
| 6 | δίσκον | δίσκος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 5 ἀφιεὶς | obj | high | Object of ἀφιεὶς. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀφιεὶς | punct | high | |
| 8 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | P-S---NM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun introducing the following relative clause. |
| 9 | δὴ | δή | PART | X--------- | _ | 10 οὗτός | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 10 | οὗτός | οὗτος | PRON | P-D---NM- | Case=Nominative|Deixis=Proximal|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 11 ἐστιν | expl | medium | Demonstrative in an identificational construction; syntactically predicative or resumptive. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 πεποίηται | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 13 δίσκῳ | case | high | Preposition governing the dative here. |
| 13 | δίσκῳ | δίσκος | NOUN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 14 φήμην | nmod | high | Dative complement of ἐπὶ; phrase modifies φήμην. |
| 14 | φήμην | φήμη | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 15 ἔχων | obj | high | Object of ἔχων. |
| 15 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 11 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative participle coordinated in sense with the identificational clause; subject is ὅστις/οὗτος. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high |
τούτῳ δὲ νικῶντι ὀρέγει τὸν στέφανον ὁ Ἄκαστος·
Τούτῳ is a dative demonstrative, plausibly the ethical/recipient dative with νικῶντι understood as a substantival participle; ὀρέγει takes the accusative στέφανον and has postposed subject ὁ Ἄκαστος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | RD-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 νικῶντι | obl | high | Dative demonstrative; construed with the substantival participle νικῶντι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 4 ὀρέγει | cc | high | |
| 3 | νικῶντι | νικάω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 ὀρέγει | advcl | high | Substantival dative present active participle: ‘to the one winning’; coordinated discourse context marked by δέ. |
| 4 | ὀρέγει | ὀρέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present active indicative, 3rd singular; governs accusative στέφανον. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA----AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 στέφανον | det | high | |
| 6 | στέφανον | στέφανος | NOUN | N-----AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὀρέγει | obj | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA----NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἄκαστος | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἄκαστος | Ἄκαστος | PROPN | Ne----NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ὀρέγει | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject; nominative singular masculine. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὀρέγει | punct | high |