Grammar parses for passage 5.18.3
Open translation for this passage
πεποίηται δὲ ἐς τὸν λόγον τῶν Ἑλλήνων ὡς συγγένοιτο Ἀλκμήνῃ Ζεὺς Ἀμφιτρύωνι εἰκασθείς.
The indirect discourse introduced by ὡς has συγγένοιτο as an optative of reported speech; Ζεύς is its subject, Ἀλκμήνῃ and Ἀμφιτρύωνι are coordinated-in-sense dative complements, with εἰκασθείς agreeing with Ζεύς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 πεποίηται | advmod | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 λόγον | case | high | Variant of εἰς. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λόγον | det | high | |
| 5 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πεποίηται | obl | high | Accusative complement with ἐς, likely ‘in/into the account’. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPM | _ | 7 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | |
| 7 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λόγον | nmod | high | |
| 8 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 9 συγγένοιτο | mark | high | Introduces reported/indirect discourse. |
| 9 | συγγένοιτο | συγγίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | ccomp | medium | Aorist optative in reported speech; exact semantic force of ὡς is context-dependent. |
| 10 | Ἀλκμήνῃ | Ἀλκμήνη | PROPN | Ne-D3S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 συγγένοιτο | iobj | high | |
| 11 | Ζεὺς | Ζεύς | PROPN | NeNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 συγγένοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | Ἀμφιτρύωνι | Ἀμφιτρύων | PROPN | Ne-D3S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 συγγένοιτο | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/likeness with εἰκασθείς (‘likened to Amphitryon’). |
| 13 | εἰκασθείς | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-APP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 Ζεὺς | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Ζεύς. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high |
Μενέλαος δὲ θώρακά τε ἐνδεδυκὼς καὶ ἔχων ξίφος ἔπεισιν Ἑλένην ἀποκτεῖναι, δῆλα ὡς ἁλισκομένης Ἰλίου.
Μενέλαος is the matrix subject; the coordinated participles θώρακα ἐνδεδυκώς and ξίφος ἔχων describe him. ἔπεισιν takes the infinitival purpose complement Ἑλένην ἀποκτεῖναι. The final δῆλα ὡς-clause is an extraposed explanatory construction, with Ἰλίου genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μενέλαος | Μενέλαος | PROPN | Nb-----mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔπεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἔπεισιν | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative conjunction. |
| 3 | θώρακά | θώραξ | NOUN | Nb----ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐνδεδυκὼς | obj | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐνδεδυκὼς | cc | high | Coordinates the first participial phrase with the following one. |
| 5 | ἐνδεδυκὼς | ἐνδύω | VERB | VPRPAMSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἔπεισιν | advcl | high | Perfect active participle, agreeing with Μενέλαος. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἔχων | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | VPPASMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἔπεισιν | advcl | high | Coordinated present active participle, agreeing with Μενέλαος. |
| 8 | ξίφος | ξίφος | NOUN | Nb----na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἔπεισιν | ἔπειμι | VERB | VPAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present of motion; contextually ‘he proceeds/goes against’. |
| 10 | Ἑλένην | Ἑλένη | PROPN | Nb----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀποκτεῖναι | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἀποκτεῖναι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | VNA---A- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ἔπεισιν | xcomp | high | Purpose/complementary infinitive; Ἑλένην is its object. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔπεισιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A----na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἔπεισιν | parataxis | medium | Neuter plural predicate/extraposed comment, likely ‘it is clear’; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G-------- | _ | 15 ἁλισκομένης | mark | high | Introduces the explanatory clause. |
| 15 | ἁλισκομένης | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | VPPPGS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 δῆλα | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute with Ἰλίου; ὡς gives the explanatory/content force. |
| 16 | Ἰλίου | Ἴλιον | PROPN | Nb---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἁλισκομένης | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject; city name lemma normalized to nominative. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔπεισιν | punct | high |
Μηδείας δὲ ἐπὶ θρόνου καθημένης Ἰάσων ἐν δεξιᾷ, τῇ δὲ Ἀφροδίτη παρέστηκε·
The sentence uses a genitive absolute Μηδείας ... καθημένης; Ἰάσων is the subject of παρέστηκε, with ἐν δεξιᾷ locating him, while τῇ Ἀφροδίτη is a dative complement/recipient. The form παρέστηκε is morphologically ambiguous between perfect active and present perfective usage; interpreted here as perfect active ‘stands beside’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μηδείας | Μήδεια | PROPN | N--GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 καθημένης | nmod | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 καθημένης | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 θρόνου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive θρόνου. |
| 4 | θρόνου | θρόνος | NOUN | N2GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 καθημένης | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί. |
| 5 | καθημένης | κάθημαι | VERB | V3GFMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 παρέστηκε | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; its genitive subject is Μηδείας. |
| 6 | Ἰάσων | Ἰάσων | PROPN | N--NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 παρέστηκε | nsubj | high | Main-clause subject. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 δεξιᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing dative δεξιᾷ. |
| 8 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A1SDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παρέστηκε | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘right side’; governed by ἐν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 13 παρέστηκε | punct | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA---DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀφροδίτη | det | high | Article with Ἀφροδίτη. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 παρέστηκε | cc | high | Connective particle introducing the dative phrase. |
| 12 | Ἀφροδίτη | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | N--DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 παρέστηκε | iobj | medium | Dative complement, construed as the person beside/with whom Jason stands. |
| 13 | παρέστηκε | παρίστημι | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active form; contextually ‘stands beside/is present’. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | --------- | _ | 13 παρέστηκε | punct | high |
γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς·
Impersonal perfect passive γέγραπται takes ἐπίγραμμα as its nominative subject; ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς is a prepositional phrase meaning 'upon/on them.'
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γέγραπται | γράφω | VERB | 3PERF-MP-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect passive, impersonal or existential construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | advmod | high | Adverbial 'also'; tagged CCONJ in UD. |
| 4 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γέγραπται | nsubj | high | Nominative neuter subject of γέγραπται. |
| 5 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 6 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί; antecedent supplied by context. |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Μήδειαν Ἰάσων γαμέει, κέλεται δʼ Ἀφροδίτα.
The sentence has a poetic/historical present: Μήδειαν is the object of γαμέει, while Ἰάσων is its subject; κέλεται is middle, likely coordinated with an understood subject, and δʼ links the clauses. Ἀφροδίτα is nominative subject of κέλεται, though the construction is semantically elliptical/poetic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μήδειαν | Μήδεια | PROPN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 γαμέει | obj | high | Object of γαμέει. |
| 2 | Ἰάσων | Ἰάσων | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 γαμέει | nsubj | high | Subject of γαμέει. |
| 3 | γαμέει | γαμέω | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical/present indicative; takes Μήδειαν as object. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 γαμέει | punct | high | |
| 5 | κέλεται | κέλομαι | VERB | v3spim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 γαμέει | conj | medium | Coordinated predicate; exact semantic relation is elliptical/poetic. |
| 6 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 κέλεται | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 7 | Ἀφροδίτα | Ἀφροδίτη | PROPN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κέλεται | nsubj | medium | Nominative subject of κέλεται; poetic form and elliptical construction make the syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 γαμέει | punct | high |