Grammar parses for passage 5.18.4
Open translation for this passage
πεποίηνται δὲ καὶ ᾄδουσαι Μοῦσαι καὶ Ἀπόλλων ἐξάρχων τῆς ᾠδῆς, καί σφισιν ἐπίγραμμα γέγραπται· Λατοΐδας οὗτος τάχʼ ἄναξ ἑκάεργος Ἀπόλλων· Μοῦσαι δʼ ἀμφʼ αὐτόν, χαρίεις χορός, αἷσι κατάρχει.
The syntax is paratactic and partly epigraphic; several clauses are loosely connected, with participles and the relative phrase αἷσι κατάρχει attaching back to Μοῦσαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηνται | ποιέω | VERB | V-PRF-MP-3P | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb, perfect middle/passive form with present meaning. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 πεποίηνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ᾄδουσαι | cc | high | Connects participle to preceding subject phrase. |
| 4 | ᾄδουσαι | ἀείδω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Voice=Act | 5 Μοῦσαι | amod | medium | Participial modifier of Μοῦσαι; could also be construed as predicative. |
| 5 | Μοῦσαι | Μοῦσα | NOUN | N-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 πεποίηνται | nsubj | high | Subject of πεποίηνται. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 Ἀπόλλων | cc | high | Coordinates with Μοῦσαι. |
| 7 | Ἀπόλλων | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μοῦσαι | conj | high | Coordinated subject with Μοῦσαι. |
| 8 | ἐξάρχων | ἐξάρχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Voice=Act | 7 Ἀπόλλων | advcl | medium | Participial circumstantial modifier of Ἀπόλλων. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-NSF-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ᾠδῆς | det | high | Article. |
| 10 | ᾠδῆς | ᾠδή | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξάρχων | obj | high | Object of ἐξάρχων. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 γέγραπται | cc | high | Connects the next clause. |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---3D- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 γέγραπται | iobj | high | Dative of recipient/association with γέγραπται. |
| 14 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 γέγραπται | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive verb. |
| 15 | γέγραπται | γράφω | VERB | V-PRF-PM-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 πεποίηνται | conj | high | Coordinated with the first finite verb. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 γέγραπται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | Λατοΐδας | Λατοΐδης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἄναξ | nsubj | medium | Likely subject in the epigram, identifying Apollo. |
| 18 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD----NS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 ἄναξ | det | medium | Demonstrative modifying ἄναξ. |
| 19 | τάχʼ | τάχα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 20 ἄναξ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἄναξ. |
| 20 | ἄναξ | ἄναξ | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 γέγραπται | parataxis | medium | Appositional/predicative nominal in the epigram. |
| 21 | ἑκάεργος | ἑκάεργος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Ἀπόλλων | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of Ἀπόλλων. |
| 22 | Ἀπόλλων | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἄναξ | appos | high | Appositive to ἄναξ. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἄναξ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | Μοῦσαι | Μοῦσα | NOUN | N-P---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 κατάρχει | nsubj | high | Subject of κατάρχει. |
| 25 | δʼ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 24 Μοῦσαι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 26 | ἀμφʼ | ἀμφί | ADP | R-------- | Case=Acc | 27 αὐτόν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 27 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 24 Μοῦσαι | obl | medium | Object of ἀμφί; refers back to Apollo. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 Μοῦσαι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | χαρίεις | χαρίεις | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 χορός | amod | high | Attributive modifier of χορός. |
| 30 | χορός | χορός | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Μοῦσαι | appos | medium | Appositive noun phrase to Μοῦσαι. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 χορός | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | αἷσι | ὅς | PRON | P-P---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 33 κατάρχει | iobj | high | Relative pronoun governed by κατάρχει. |
| 33 | κατάρχει | κατάρχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 24 Μοῦσαι | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying Μοῦσαι. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 γέγραπται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὅστις δέ ἐστιν ὁ ἀνὴρ ὁ ἔχων τὸ ξίφος καὶ ὁ ἐπὶ τὸν Ἄτλαντα ἐρχόμενος, ἰδίᾳ μὲν ἐπʼ αὐτῷ γεγραμμένον ἐστὶν οὐδέν, δῆλα δὲ ἐς ἅπαντας Ἡρακλέα εἶναι.
Initial relative clause with coordinated participial modifiers and two matrix predications; infinitival Ἡρακλέα εἶναι depends on δῆλα as an epexegetic/subject-like complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | Pp-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Relative indefinite pronoun, subject of ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 3 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the opening clause. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | At-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀνὴρ | det | high | Article modifying ἀνὴρ. |
| 5 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Predicate/appositional subject referring to the antecedent. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | At-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἔχων | det | high | Article with participle ἔχων. |
| 7 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνὴρ | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἀνήρ. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | At-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ξίφος | det | high | Article with ξίφος. |
| 9 | ξίφος | ξίφος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔχων | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχων. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 7 ἔχων | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | At-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἐρχόμενος | det | high | Article with participle ἐρχόμενος. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 14 Ἄτλαντα | case | high | Preposition governing τὸν Ἄτλαντα. |
| 13 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | At-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἄτλαντα | det | high | Article with Ἄτλαντα. |
| 14 | Ἄτλαντα | Ἄτλας | PROPN | Ne-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπὶ | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐπί. |
| 15 | ἐρχόμενος | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 ἀνὴρ | acl | high | Second participial modifier coordinated with ἔχων. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 17 | ἰδίᾳ | ἰδίᾳ | ADV | D | _ | 22 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | Adverbial phrase modifying ἐστὶν. |
| 18 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 22 ἐστὶν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 19 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 21 γεγραμμένον | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῷ. |
| 20 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-PDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 ἐπʼ | obl | high | Oblique complement of ἐπί. |
| 21 | γεγραμμένον | γράφω | VERB | V-PRP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 22 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Participial predicate complement with ἐστίν; neuter singular agreeing with οὐδέν. |
| 22 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second finite predicate coordinated/juxtaposed with the first main clause. |
| 23 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | Px-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 22 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Predicate logic suggests an impersonal construction; formal case is accusative, but function is semantically subject-like/dummy object of implied content. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐστὶν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 25 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Neuter plural adjective functioning predicatively; likely with understood ἐστι. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 25 δῆλα | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 29 Ἡρακλέα | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαντας Ἡρακλέα. |
| 28 | ἅπαντας | ἅπας | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 Ἡρακλέα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of Ἡρακλέα. |
| 29 | Ἡρακλέα | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | Ne-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 30 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI | VerbForm=Inf | 25 δῆλα | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of δῆλα ('it is clear that Hercules is...'). |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
γέγραπται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ τούτοις· Ἄτλας οὐρανὸν οὗτος ἔχει, τὰ δὲ μᾶλα μεθήσει.
The quotation has a main reporting verb (γέγραπται) with embedded direct-speech clauses; Ἄτλας οὗτος is treated as an appositive identification, and the second clause is coordinated within the quoted material.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γέγραπται | γράφω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect form with stative/resultative sense; analyzed as finite passive in Greek parser style. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Connects the prepositional phrase to the prior clause. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | obl | high | Introduces adverbial phrase dependent on 'γέγραπται'. |
| 5 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | Pd---dpm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐπὶ | obj | high | Object of preposition ἐπί. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 γέγραπται | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
| 7 | Ἄτλας | Ἄτλας | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔχει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔχει. |
| 8 | οὐρανὸν | οὐρανός | NOUN | N-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 9 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | Pd---ns--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 Ἄτλας | appos | medium | Deictic apposition or resumptive identification of Ἄτλας. |
| 10 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 γέγραπται | ccomp | high | Finite verb in quoted content dependent on the reporting verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔχει | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 μᾶλα | det | high | Article modifying μᾶλα. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 15 μεθήσει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 14 | μᾶλα | μῆλον | NOUN | N-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 μεθήσει | obj | high | Direct object of μεθήσει. |
| 15 | μεθήσει | μεθίημι | VERB | V-FAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἔχει | conj | medium | Coordinated future clause; exact semantic relation to προηγούμενο clause may be loose/quoted continuation. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 μεθήσει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |