Grammar parses for passage 5.18.6
Open translation for this passage
στρατιωτικὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ τρίτῃ χώρᾳ τῆς λάρνακος· τὸ μὲν πολύ εἰσιν ἐν αὐτοῖς οἱ πεζοί, πεποίηνται δὲ καὶ ἐπὶ συνωρίδων ἱππεῖς.
Elliptical nominal clause: στρατιωτικά is understood as the subject/topic ('military [figures/things]') with an omitted copula; πεποίηται is perfect middle/passive, here describing horsemen represented/placed on chariots. The phrase τὸ μὲν πολύ means 'for the most part'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | στρατιωτικὰ | στρατιωτικός | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, with omitted copula; topic of the elliptical clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 στρατιωτικὰ | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 χώρᾳ | case | high | Takes dative τῇ τρίτῃ χώρᾳ. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-SDF-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τρίτῃ | det | high | |
| 5 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A-SDF-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χώρᾳ | amod | high | |
| 6 | χώρᾳ | χώρα | NOUN | N-SDF-S-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 στρατιωτικὰ | obl | high | Location on/in the third compartment or space. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-SGF-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 λάρνακος | det | high | |
| 8 | λάρνακος | λάρναξ | NOUN | N-SGF-S-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 χώρᾳ | nmod | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 στρατιωτικὰ | punct | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-SNA-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πολύ | det | high | Article in the idiom τὸ πολύ. |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df-------- | _ | 12 πολύ | advmod | high | Correlative particle; μέν is not followed by an explicit δέ in this subclause. |
| 12 | πολύ | πολύς | ADJ | A-SNA-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εἰσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, 'for the most part'. |
| 13 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 στρατιωτικὰ | parataxis | medium | Finite copula/predicate of the explanatory clause; subject is οἱ πεζοί. |
| 14 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 15 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GMD-P-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 13 εἰσιν | obl | medium | Dative plural likely masculine, referring to the military figures/representations; parser-style pronoun analysis. |
| 16 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM-P-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πεζοί | det | high | |
| 17 | πεζοί | πεζός | ADJ | A-NPM-P-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'the infantrymen'. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 19 | πεποίηνται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 1 στρατιωτικὰ | parataxis | medium | Perfect middle/passive; likely 'have been made/represented' or 'are depicted'. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 πεποίηνται | cc | high | |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 24 ἱππεῖς | cc | high | Coordinates the horsemen phrase with the infantrymen clause. |
| 22 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 συνωρίδων | case | high | Takes genitive συνωρίδων. |
| 23 | συνωρίδων | συνωρίς | NOUN | N-GPF-P-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 ἱππεῖς | nmod | high | Genitive plural, 'of two-horse chariots/teams'. |
| 24 | ἱππεῖς | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-NPM-P-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 πεποίηνται | nsubj | medium | Subject of πεποίηνται; the construction is elliptical in the sense 'horsemen have been represented on chariots'. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 πεποίηνται | punct | high |
ἐπὶ δὲ τοῖς στρατιώταις ἔστιν εἰκάζειν συνιέναι μὲν σφᾶς ἐς μάχην, συνιέναι δὲ καὶ ἀσπασομένους τε καὶ ἀναγνωριοῦντας ἀλλήλους.
Impersonal ἔστιν εἰκάζειν governs an infinitival content clause: στρατιώταις is the dative of respect/topic, while συνιέναι is coordinated with μὲν/δέ and takes σφᾶς as accusative subject; the second συνιέναι has coordinated participles ἀσπασομένους and ἀναγνωριοῦντας, agreeing with the same understood accusative subject. The participles are future, expressing intended/consequential actions; parsing of ἐπὶ τοῖς στρατιώταις as topical ἐπί + dative is high confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 στρατιώταις | case | high | With dative τοῖς στρατιώταις; topical/about sense. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 5 ἔστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-d---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 στρατιώταις | det | high | |
| 4 | στρατιώταις | στρατιώτης | NOUN | N-----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔστιν | obl | high | Dative with topical ἐπί; construed as the people concerning whom inference is possible. |
| 5 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal existential/possibility construction. |
| 6 | εἰκάζειν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ἔστιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on impersonal ἔστιν. |
| 7 | συνιέναι | σύνειμι | VERB | V--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 εἰκάζειν | ccomp | high | First coordinated infinitive in the content of εἰκάζειν. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 7 συνιέναι | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δέ. |
| 9 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----ma- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 συνιέναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive συνιέναι. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 11 μάχην | case | high | |
| 11 | μάχην | μάχη | NOUN | N-----fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 συνιέναι | obl | high | Directional/comitative goal: entering battle. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 συνιέναι | punct | high | |
| 13 | συνιέναι | σύνειμι | VERB | V--pan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 εἰκάζειν | conj | high | Second μὲν/δέ-coordinated infinitive. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 συνιέναι | cc | high | Correlative with preceding μὲν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ἀσπασομένους | cc | high | Coordinates the following participial predicates. |
| 16 | ἀσπασομένους | ἀσπάζομαι | VERB | V-pmamam- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 συνιέναι | xcomp | high | Future middle participle, accusative masculine plural, predicated of the understood subject of συνιέναι. |
| 17 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 ἀσπασομένους | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ἀναγνωριοῦντας | cc | high | Second coordinator in τε καί. |
| 19 | ἀναγνωριοῦντας | ἀναγνωρίζω | VERB | V-papmam- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 ἀσπασομένους | conj | high | Future active participle coordinated with ἀσπασομένους. |
| 20 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P------a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 19 ἀναγνωριοῦντας | obj | high | Reciprocal object of ἀναγνωριοῦντας; possibly also semantically shared with ἀσπασομένους. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ἐς ἀμφότερα ὑπὸ τῶν ἐξηγητῶν, καὶ τοῖς μέν ἐστιν εἰρημένον Αἰτωλοὺς τοὺς μετὰ Ὀξύλου καὶ Ἠλείους εἶναι τοὺς ἀρχαίους, ἀπαντᾶν δὲ σφᾶς γένους τε μνήμῃ τοῦ ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ εὔνοιαν ἐνδεικνυμένους ἐς ἀλλήλους· οἱ δὲ συνιέναι φασὶν ἐς ἀγῶνα τὰ στρατιωτικά, Πυλίους δὲ εἶναι καὶ Ἀρκάδας παρά τε Φειὰν πόλιν καὶ ποταμὸν μαχουμένους Ἰάρδανον.
Complex indirect discourse: λέγεται governs two coordinated reports; εἰρημένον and εἶναι introduce the first report, while φασίν governs συνιέναι ... and a coordinated εἶναι clause. The attachment of ἀπαντᾶν and its participles is somewhat uncertain but is treated as a coordinated infinitive report.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V- PPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἀμφότερα | case | high | |
| 5 | ἀμφότερα | ἀμφότερος | PRON | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Dual | 1 λέγεται | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter dual: both alternatives/sides. |
| 6 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἐξηγητῶν | case | high | |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐξηγητῶν | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐξηγητῶν | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 λέγεται | obl:agent | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μέν | det | high | |
| 12 | μέν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 13 ἐστιν | discourse | high | |
| 13 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PXI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | parataxis | medium | Impersonal periphrastic/reporting expression with εἰρημένον. |
| 14 | εἰρημένον | ἐρῶ | VERB | V-RMP-SNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 13 ἐστιν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle used impersonally with ἐστίν. |
| 15 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive. |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἀρχαίους | det | high | |
| 17 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 Ὀξύλου | case | high | |
| 18 | Ὀξύλου | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τοὺς | nmod | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 Ὀξύλου | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἠλείους | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | conj | high | |
| 21 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PPN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 εἰρημένον | ccomp | high | |
| 22 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ἀρχαίους | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀρχαίους | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 εἶναι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated/contrasted with the named peoples. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἀπαντᾶν | ἀπαντάω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 14 εἰρημένον | conj | medium | Coordinated infinitive in the reported content. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἀπαντᾶν | cc | high | |
| 27 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 25 ἀπαντᾶν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἀπαντᾶν. |
| 28 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 30 μνήμῃ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on μνήμῃ. |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 μνήμῃ | cc | high | |
| 30 | μνήμῃ | μνήμη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἀπαντᾶν | obl | medium | Dative of means/circumstance with ἀπαντᾶν. |
| 31 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 ἀρχῆς | det | high | |
| 32 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 33 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 μνήμῃ | nmod | high | With τοῦ, temporal/ablative phrase ‘from the beginning’. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 εὔνοιαν | cc | high | |
| 35 | εὔνοιαν | εὔνοια | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἐνδεικνυμένους | obj | high | |
| 36 | ἐνδεικνυμένους | ἐνδείκνυμι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 ἀπαντᾶν | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with σφᾶς; manner/concomitant action. |
| 37 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 38 ἀλλήλους | case | high | |
| 38 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἐνδεικνυμένους | obl | high | |
| 39 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 40 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 43 φασὶν | nsubj | high | Substantivized article: the others. |
| 41 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 42 | συνιέναι | σύνειμι | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 43 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 43 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | parataxis | high | |
| 44 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 45 ἀγῶνα | case | high | |
| 45 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 συνιέναι | obl | high | |
| 46 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 47 στρατιωτικά | det | high | |
| 47 | στρατιωτικά | στρατιωτικός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 42 συνιέναι | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, subject of συνιέναι. |
| 48 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 42 συνιέναι | punct | high | |
| 49 | Πυλίους | Πύλιος | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 51 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of εἶναι. |
| 50 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 51 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 51 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PPN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 43 φασὶν | conj | high | Second infinitival content clause under φασίν. |
| 52 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 53 Ἀρκάδας | cc | high | |
| 53 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 51 εἶναι | conj | high | |
| 54 | παρά | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 57 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 55 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 54 παρά | cc | high | |
| 56 | Φειὰν | Φειά | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 57 πόλιν | compound | high | |
| 57 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 51 εἶναι | obl | high | Place phrase: by/near the city of Pheia. |
| 58 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 59 ποταμὸν | cc | high | |
| 59 | ποταμὸν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 51 εἶναι | obl | high | Coordinated place complement. |
| 60 | μαχουμένους | μάχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 51 εἶναι | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Πυλίους and Ἀρκάδας. |
| 61 | Ἰάρδανον | Ἰάρδανος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 60 μαχουμένους | obl | high | Object/place complement of μαχουμένους. |
| 62 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |