Grammar parses for passage 5.19.5
Open translation for this passage
οὗτος μὲν Φόβος ἐστὶ βροτῶν, ὁ δʼ ἔχων Ἀγαμέμνων.
The sentence contrasts Φόβος with Agamemnon: οὗτος ... Φόβος ἐστὶ βροτῶν, while the substantivized ὁ ἔχων refers appositionally to Ἀγαμέμνων; the precise attachment of the second nominal phrase is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | PD | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 Φόβος | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | RP | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | discourse | high | Correlative μέν introducing the contrast with δέ. |
| 3 | Φόβος | Φόβος | PROPN | Nbms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Proper name, also functioning as a predicate nominative. |
| 4 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | βροτῶν | βροτός | NOUN | Nbmpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Φόβος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Φόβος: ‘of mortals’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Da-ms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἔχων | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 8 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἔχων | cc | high | Apodotic contrastive δέ. |
| 9 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-sppamn | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 Ἀγαμέμνων | acl | medium | Substantivized present participle; the full phrase ὁ δʼ ἔχων is in apposition to Ἀγαμέμνων. |
| 10 | Ἀγαμέμνων | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | Nbms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Second coordinated nominal predicate/subject in the elliptical contrast; ὁ δʼ ἔχων is appositional to it. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
ἄγει δὲ καὶ Ἑρμῆς παρʼ Ἀλέξανδρον τὸν Πριάμου τὰς θεὰς κριθησομένας ὑπὲρ τοῦ κάλλους, καὶ ἔστιν ἐπίγραμμα καὶ τούτοις·
Two coordinated clauses: ἄγει takes Ἑρμῆς as subject and τὰς θεὰς as object, with κριθησομένας predicative/depictive; ἔστιν has ἐπίγραμμα as subject and τούτοις as dative possessor/reference. The punctuation mark · is treated as sentence-final punctuation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγει | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἄγει | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 Ἑρμῆς | cc | high | Connects the subject phrase. |
| 4 | Ἑρμῆς | Ἑρμῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἄγει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Ἀλέξανδρον | case | high | Apocopated/elided form. |
| 6 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἄγει | obl | high | Destination with παρά. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Πριάμου | det | high | |
| 8 | Πριάμου | Πρίαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀλέξανδρον | appos | high | Patronymic/appositional identifier of Ἀλέξανδρον. |
| 9 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 θεὰς | det | high | |
| 10 | θεὰς | θεά | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 ἄγει | obj | high | |
| 11 | κριθησομένας | κρίνω | VERB | V-FPP-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 θεὰς | acl | high | Future passive participle, agreeing with τὰς θεάς; depicts the purpose/circumstance of being brought. |
| 12 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 κάλλους | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 κάλλους | det | high | |
| 14 | κάλλους | κάλλος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 κριθησομένας | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ within the participial phrase. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγει | punct | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἔστιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 17 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 ἄγει | conj | high | |
| 18 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐπίγραμμα | cc | medium | Likely additive, meaning an epigram also exists for these; coordination is elliptical. |
| 20 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἔστιν | iobj | high | Dative of reference/association; antecedent is the goddesses. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγει | punct | high |
Ἄρτεμις δὲ οὐκ οἶδα ἐφʼ ὅτῳ λόγῳ πτέρυγας ἔχουσά ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων, καὶ τῇ μὲν δεξιᾷ κατέχει πάρδαλιν, τῇ δὲ ἑτέρᾳ τῶν χειρῶν λέοντα.
The sentence has οὐκ οἶδα as a parenthetical first-person expression; ἐφʼ ὅτῳ λόγῳ modifies the reason or account for Artemis having wings. The two dative phrases coordinate the hands, with κατέχει understood for the second animal; ἑτέρᾳ is an agreeing adjective/pronoun modifying χειρί, with χειρῶν specifying the relevant hands.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄρτεμις | Ἄρτεμις | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 4 οἶδα | advmod | high | |
| 4 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστιν | parataxis | medium | Perfect-form verb with present meaning; parenthetical οὐκ οἶδα. |
| 5 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 λόγῳ | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 6 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λόγῳ | det | medium | Relative/interrogative pronoun in the idiom ἐφʼ ὅτῳ λόγῳ. |
| 7 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχουσά | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐπί; the phrase gives the reason/account. |
| 8 | πτέρυγας | πτέρυξ | NOUN | N-PA---F- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχουσά | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἔχουσά | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NFS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Circumstantial participle with Artemis as subject. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 ὤμων | case | high | |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὤμων | det | high | |
| 13 | ὤμων | ὦμος | NOUN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | obl | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 κατέχει | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 κατέχει | cc | high | |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 δεξιᾷ | det | high | |
| 17 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 19 κατέχει | discourse | high | Correlative with δὲ at token 23. |
| 18 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κατέχει | obl | high | Substantivized: ‘with/in the right [hand]’. |
| 19 | κατέχει | κατέχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἐστιν | conj | high | |
| 20 | πάρδαλιν | πάρδαλις | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κατέχει | obj | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 19 κατέχει | punct | high | |
| 22 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἑτέρᾳ | det | high | |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 κατέχει | cc | high | Correlative with μέν at token 17. |
| 24 | ἑτέρᾳ | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κατέχει | obl | high | Substantivized: ‘with/in the other [hand]’. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 χειρῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | χειρῶν | χείρ | NOUN | N-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 24 ἑτέρᾳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on substantivized ἑτέρᾳ. |
| 27 | λέοντα | λέων | NOUN | N-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κατέχει | obj | high | Object of understood κατέχει in the μέν...δέ coordination. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high |
πεποίηται δὲ καὶ Κασσάνδραν ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀγάλματος Αἴας τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς ἕλκων, ἐπʼ αὐτῷ δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμά ἐστιν·
The passive πεποίηται has an implicit subject (the sculptor/artist) and takes Κασσάνδραν as object; Αἴας is the agentive nominative participial subject of ἕλκων, with τῆς Ἀθηνᾶς dependent on ἀγάλματος. The final clause is existential: ἐπίγραμμα is subject of ἐστιν, with ἐπʼ αὐτῷ as locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect middle/passive indicative; implicit artist subject, with Κασσάνδραν as object. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Κασσάνδραν | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle. |
| 4 | Κασσάνδραν | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | N-AF-S-- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 πεποίηται | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἀγάλματος | case | high | |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S-GN-S-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 ἀγάλματος | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀγάλματος | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-GN-S-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 4 Κασσάνδραν | obl | high | Object of ἀπό; source/model relation for the depiction. |
| 8 | Αἴας | Αἴας | PROPN | N-NS-M-- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 11 ἕλκων | nsubj | medium | Nominative subject of ἕλκων; the participle depicts Ajax drawing Cassandra. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GF-S-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 Ἀθηνᾶς | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀθηνᾶς | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | N-GF-S-- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 ἀγάλματος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀγάλματος: the statue/image of Athena. |
| 11 | ἕλκων | ἕλκω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 πεποίηται | advcl | medium | Circumstantial/pictorial participle; its nominative subject is Αἴας. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἕλκων | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 14 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DM-S-- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Personal | 17 ἐπίγραμμά | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί; refers to the image/statue. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐπίγραμμά | cc | high | Additive particle introducing the inscription clause. |
| 17 | ἐπίγραμμά | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN-S-- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 18 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 18 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 πεποίηται | conj | high | Coordinate finite clause after the participial description. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστιν | punct | high |
Αἴας Κασσάνδραν ἀπʼ Ἀθαναίας Λοκρὸς ἕλκει.
Ἀπʼ Ἀθαναίας is a source phrase; Λοκρός is a predicative/subject-oriented ethnic noun agreeing with Αἴας, while Κασσάνδραν is the accusative object of ἕλκει. The subject is syntactically somewhat ambiguous because Λοκρός may be appositional to Αἴας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Αἴας | Αἴας | PROPN | N--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἕλκει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἕλκει. |
| 2 | Κασσάνδραν | Κασσάνδρα | PROPN | N--SFA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἕλκει | obj | high | Direct object of ἕλκει. |
| 3 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ἀθαναίας | case | high | Elided form of ἀπό governing Ἀθαναίας. |
| 4 | Ἀθαναίας | Ἀθαναία | PROPN | N--SGF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἕλκει | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπό, expressing source; likely refers to Athena. |
| 5 | Λοκρὸς | Λοκρός | ADJ | A--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Αἴας | appos | medium | Ethnic adjective used substantivally, appositional to Αἴας; alternatively could be treated as a predicative complement. |
| 6 | ἕλκει | ἕλκω | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἕλκει | punct | high |