Grammar parses for passage 5.19.6
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ Οἰδίποδος παίδων Πολυνείκει πεπτωκότι ἐς γόνυ ἔπεισιν Ἐτεοκλῆς.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: a genitive phrase τῶν δὲ Οἰδίποδος παίδων is paired with a participial dative phrase and the nominative subject Ἐτεοκλῆς as the finite verb’s subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 παίδων | det | high | Article modifying παίδων. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 10 Ἐτεοκλῆς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Οἰδίποδος | Οἰδίπους | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 παίδων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of παίδων. |
| 4 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἐτεοκλῆς | nsubj | high | Genitive phrase functioning as subject/topic with article and genitive modifier. |
| 5 | Πολυνείκει | Πολυνείκης | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔπεισιν | obl | high | Dative with πεπτωκότι. |
| 6 | πεπτωκότι | πίπτω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἔπεισιν | advcl | medium | Perfect participle agreeing with Πολυνείκει; subordinate participial clause. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 8 γόνυ | case | high | Preposition governing γόνυ. |
| 8 | γόνυ | γόνυ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔπεισιν | obl | high | Goal/complement of ἐς. |
| 9 | ἔπεισιν | ἐπείμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the sentence. |
| 10 | Ἐτεοκλῆς | Ἐτεοκλῆς | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἔπεισιν | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἔπεισιν. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔπεισιν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
τοῦ Πολυνείκους δὲ ὄπισθεν γυνὴ ἕστηκεν ὀδόντας τε ἔχουσα οὐδὲν ἡμερωτέρους θηρίου καί οἱ τῶν χειρῶν εἰσιν ἐπικαμπεῖς οἱ ὄνυχες·
The syntax is mainly two coordinated descriptions: first of the woman’s teeth, then of her fingernails; ὄπισθεν with genitive marks position relative to Πολυνείκης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 2 Πολυνείκους | det | high | Article modifying Πολυνείκους. |
| 2 | Πολυνείκους | Πολυνείκης | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 γυνὴ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὄπισθεν; expresses reference/person in front of whom. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 5 γυνὴ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | ὄπισθεν | ὄπισθεν | ADP | R | AdpType=Post | 2 Πολυνείκους | case | medium | Adverbial/postpositional use with genitive. |
| 5 | γυνὴ | γυνή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἕστηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἕστηκεν. |
| 6 | ἕστηκεν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-3SRAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; perfect active with intransitive/resultative sense. |
| 7 | ὀδόντας | ὀδούς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχουσα | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχουσα. |
| 8 | τε | τε | PART | G | _ | 7 ὀδόντας | cc | medium | Enclitic connective coordinating with the following predicate/adjectival phrase. |
| 9 | ἔχουσα | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 γυνὴ | advcl | high | Participial modifier of γυνή. |
| 10 | οὐδὲν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 11 ἡμερωτέρους | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative modifying ἡμερωτέρους, ‘not at all’. |
| 11 | ἡμερωτέρους | ἥμερος | ADJ | A-APM-CMP | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὀδόντας | amod | high | Comparative adjective agreeing with ὀδόντας. |
| 12 | θηρίου | θηρίον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἡμερωτέρους | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison with comparative adjective. |
| 13 | καί | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 εἰσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predication with the preceding description. |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 χειρῶν | det | high | Article modifying χειρῶν. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 χειρῶν | det | high | Article modifying χειρῶν. |
| 16 | χειρῶν | χείρ | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ὄνυχες | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὄνυχες, ‘claws of the hands’. |
| 17 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3PPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ὄνυχες | cop | high | Copula for predicate adjective ἐπικαμπεῖς. |
| 18 | ἐπικαμπεῖς | ἐπικαμπής | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ὄνυχες | amod | medium | Predicate adjective agreeing with οἱ ὄνυχες. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ὄνυχες | det | high | Article modifying ὄνυχες. |
| 20 | ὄνυχες | ὄνυξ | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἕστηκεν | conj | medium | Second coordinated predication after καί; linked to the main clause. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἕστηκεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐπίγραμμα δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτῇ εἶναί φησι Κῆρα, ὡς τὸν μὲν ὑπὸ τοῦ πεπρωμένου τὸν Πολυνείκην ἀπαχθέντα, Ἐτεοκλεῖ δὲ γενομένης καὶ σὺν τῷ δικαίῳ τῆς τελευτῆς.
Subordinate ὡς-clause with ellipsis after Ἐτεοκλεῖ; several forms are syntactically uncertain, especially γενομένης and the infinitival clause complement of φησι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-s---nn- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 φησι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 6 φησι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 αὐτῇ | case | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---fd- | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 εἶναί | obl | high | |
| 5 | εἶναί | εἰμί | AUX | V--PNA--- | VerbForm=Inf | 6 φησι | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of φησι. |
| 6 | φησι | φημί | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Κῆρα | Κῆρ | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 εἶναί | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of εἶναί in reported speech. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φησι | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 17 ἀπαχθέντα | mark | high | Introduces reported/causal clause. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-s---ma- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 17 ἀπαχθέντα | det | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 17 ἀπαχθέντα | discourse | high | |
| 12 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 πεπρωμένου | case | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-s---mg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 14 πεπρωμένου | det | high | |
| 14 | πεπρωμένου | πείρω | VERB | V-srppmg- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 17 ἀπαχθέντα | obl | high | Form likely from πεπρωμένος, traditionally lemmatized to πείρω in some systems. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-s---ma- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 16 Πολυνείκην | det | high | |
| 16 | Πολυνείκην | Πολυνείκης | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 17 ἀπαχθέντα | obj | high | |
| 17 | ἀπαχθέντα | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-sapmma- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Passive | 7 Κῆρα | acl | high | Participial modifier of Κῆρα, despite case mismatch in transmitted text. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀπαχθέντα | punct | high | |
| 19 | Ἐτεοκλεῖ | Ἐτεοκλῆς | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 21 γενομένης | obl | medium | Likely dative with γενομένης / implied relation; syntax is elliptical. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 21 γενομένης | discourse | high | |
| 21 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-sampfg- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 19 Ἐτεοκλεῖ | amod | low | Form is genitive feminine singular participle; attachment is uncertain due to ellipsis/corruption. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 25 δικαίῳ | cc | high | |
| 23 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 δικαίῳ | case | high | |
| 24 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 25 δικαίῳ | det | high | |
| 25 | δικαίῳ | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-s---md- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 27 τελευτῆς | obl | medium | Likely substantivized adjective with σὺν. |
| 26 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-s---fg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 27 τελευτῆς | det | high | |
| 27 | τελευτῆς | τελευτή | NOUN | N-s---fg- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 25 δικαίῳ | nmod | high | |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φησι | punct | high |
Διόνυσος δὲ ἐν ἄντρῳ κατακείμενος, γένεια ἔχων καὶ ἔκπωμα χρυσοῦν, ἐνδεδυκώς ἐστι ποδήρη χιτῶνα·
Main clause with participial modifiers of Διόνυσος; ἐνδεδυκώς ἐστι forms the finite predicate, while κατακείμενος and ἔχων are circumstantial participles and the accusatives denote objects/complements of ἔχων and ἐνδεδυκώς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Διόνυσος | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 κατακείμενος | nsubj | high | Subject of the participial phrase and ultimately of ἐστι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 Διόνυσος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 ἄντρῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ἄντρῳ. |
| 4 | ἄντρῳ | ἄντρον | NOUN | N-S---ND- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κατακείμενος | obl | high | Oblique complement of κατακείμενος. |
| 5 | κατακείμενος | κατάκειμαι | VERB | V-RPM-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 Διόνυσος | advcl | high | Participial modifier of Διόνυσος. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατακείμενος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | γένεια | γένειον | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔχων | obj | medium | Object of ἔχων; form could be nominative/accusative plural neuter, taken here as accusative object. |
| 8 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPM-NSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 Διόνυσος | advcl | high | Participial modifier of Διόνυσος. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἔκπωμα | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 10 | ἔκπωμα | ἔκπωμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐνδεδυκώς | obj | high | Object of ἐνδεδυκώς. |
| 11 | χρυσοῦν | χρύσεος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔκπωμα | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of ἔκπωμα. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐνδεδυκώς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ἐνδεδυκώς | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-RPM-NSM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicative participle dependent on ἐστι. |
| 14 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 Διόνυσος | cop | high | Finite copula in the main predicate. |
| 15 | ποδήρη | ποδήρης | ADJ | A-S---AA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 χιτῶνα | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying χιτῶνα. |
| 16 | χιτῶνα | χιτών | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐνδεδυκώς | obj | high | Object of ἐνδεδυκώς. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δένδρα δὲ ἄμπελοι περὶ αὐτὸν καὶ μηλέαι τέ εἰσι καὶ ῥόαι.
The clause is an existential/presentative list with εἰσι as root; several nominatives are coordinated as listed items, with περὶ αὐτόν giving a locative modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=NEUT|Number=PL | 9 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Predicate nominative in list-like presentative clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 εἰσι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄμπελοι | ἄμπελος | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=PL | 9 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject/predicate nominal in existential clause. |
| 4 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 5 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτόν. |
| 5 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=MASC|Number=SG|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 9 εἰσι | obl | high | Object of περὶ, denoting location around him/it. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 7 μηλέαι | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 7 | μηλέαι | μηλέα | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=PL | 3 ἄμπελοι | conj | high | Coordinated with ἄμπελοι. |
| 8 | τέ | τε | PART | _ | _ | 7 μηλέαι | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective; attaches to the coordinated noun. |
| 9 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=IND|Number=PL|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb as sentence root. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 ῥόαι | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 11 | ῥόαι | ῥοά | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=PL | 3 ἄμπελοι | conj | high | Further coordinated item in the existential list. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εἰσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |