Grammar parses for passage 5.19.7
Open translation for this passage
ἡ δὲ ἀνωτάτω χώρα---πέντε γὰρ ἀριθμόν εἰσι--- παρέχεται μὲν ἐπίγραμμα οὐδέν, λείπεται δὲ εἰκάζειν ἐς τὰ ἐπειργασμένα.
The sentence has a parenthetical γὰρ clause after the subject; παρέχεται and λείπεται form the μέν–δέ coordination, with εἰκάζειν as the infinitival complement of λείπεται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώρα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 παρέχεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνωτάτω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 4 χώρα | advmod | high | Superlative adverb used attributively. |
| 4 | χώρα | χώρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 10 ἀριθμόν | nummod | high | |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 εἰσι | discourse | medium | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 10 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰσι | obj | medium | Accusative of measure/number with εἰσι. |
| 11 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 παρέχεται | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical clause; understood subject refers to the five uppermost areas/sections. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 παρέχεται | advmod | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ at token 21. |
| 17 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Neuter subject of παρέχεται. |
| 18 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 17 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Negative pronominal determiner modifying ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 20 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 παρέχεται | conj | high | Coordinated predicate, with δέ at token 21. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 λείπεται | cc | high | |
| 22 | εἰκάζειν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 λείπεται | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of λείπεται. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 τὰ | case | high | |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπειργασμένα | det | high | |
| 25 | ἐπειργασμένα | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RPP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 22 εἰκάζειν | obl | medium | Substantivized perfect passive participle, ‘the things worked/executed’; ἐς phrase is governed by εἰκάζειν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high |
εἰσὶν οὖν ἐν σπηλαίῳ γυνὴ καθεύδουσα σὺν ἀνδρὶ ἐπὶ κλίνῃ, καὶ σφᾶς Ὀδυσσέα εἶναι καὶ Κίρκην ἐδοξάζομεν ἀριθμῷ τε τῶν θεραπαινῶν, αἵ εἰσι πρὸ τοῦ σπηλαίου, καὶ τοῖς ποιουμένοις ὑπʼ αὐτῶν·
The sentence has an accusative-and-infinitive complement (σφᾶς ... εἶναι), while the final dative participial phrase is compressed and best treated as a coordinated criterion alongside ἀριθμῷ τῶν θεραπαινῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | ccomp | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | DPrt | _ | 1 εἰσὶν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 4 σπηλαίῳ | case | high | |
| 4 | σπηλαίῳ | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶν | obl | high | |
| 5 | γυνὴ | γυνή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 εἰσὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | καθεύδουσα | καθεύδω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 γυνὴ | acl | high | |
| 7 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 8 ἀνδρὶ | case | high | |
| 8 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καθεύδουσα | obl | high | |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 10 κλίνῃ | case | high | |
| 10 | κλίνῃ | κλίνη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καθεύδουσα | obl | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | cc | high | |
| 13 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 15 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive; refers to the woman and man. |
| 14 | Ὀδυσσέα | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | xcomp | high | |
| 15 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | ccomp | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 Κίρκην | cc | high | |
| 17 | Κίρκην | Κίρκη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Coordinated accusative predicate nominal; semantically paired with σφᾶς. |
| 18 | ἐδοξάζομεν | δοξάζω | VERB | V-AAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | obl | high | Dative of means/criterion. |
| 20 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 ἀριθμῷ | cc | high | |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 θεραπαινῶν | det | high | |
| 22 | θεραπαινῶν | θεράπαινα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἀριθμῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀριθμῷ. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 θεραπαινῶν | punct | high | |
| 24 | αἵ | ὅς | PRON | P-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 25 εἰσι | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 θεραπαινῶν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 26 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | P | _ | 28 σπηλαίου | case | high | |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 σπηλαίου | det | high | |
| 28 | σπηλαίου | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 εἰσι | obl | high | |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 εἰσι | punct | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 32 ποιουμένοις | cc | high | |
| 31 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ποιουμένοις | det | high | |
| 32 | ποιουμένοις | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMP-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἀριθμῷ | conj | medium | Substantivized dative middle participle, coordinated with the genitive criterion phrase; exact attachment is syntactically compressed. |
| 33 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 34 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 34 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 32 ποιουμένοις | obl:agent | high | |
| 35 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | punct | high |
τέσσαρές τε γάρ εἰσιν αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ ἐργάζονται τὰ ἔργα, ἃ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ὅμηρος εἴρηκε.
The first clause has a nominal predicate αριθμός τέσσαρες with εἰσιν and subject αἱ γυναῖκες; ἃ is a relative pronoun referring to τὰ ἔργα and functions as the object of εἴρηκε, while Ὅμηρος is its subject. The form εἴρηκε is perfect active, likely with present/resultative reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέσσαρές | τέσσαρες | NUM | A--NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | nummod | high | Predicate numeral agreeing with γυναῖκες. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 εἰσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PIAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | DA-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | det | high | |
| 6 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐργάζονται | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 8 | ἐργάζονται | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V3PIMD---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 εἰσιν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with shared subject. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἔργα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐργάζονται | obj | high | Object of ἐργάζονται and antecedent of the relative pronoun. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐργάζονται | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρηκε | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to τὰ ἔργα. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρηκε | obl | high | Object of ἐν; phrase means in the verses. |
| 16 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N--SNNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἴρηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of εἴρηκε. |
| 17 | εἴρηκε | λέγω | VERB | V3PRAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐργάζονται | acl:relcl | high | Perfect of λέγω, ‘has said/uttered’; governs relative object ἃ. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰσιν | punct | high |
Κένταυρος δὲ οὐ τοὺς πάντας ἵππου πόδας, τοὺς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἔχων ἀνδρός ἐστιν.
Κένταυρος is the subject of ἐστιν; οὐ negates the predication. The construction contrasts the centaur's four legs with the front pair being human: τοὺς πάντας ἵππου πόδας is the first coordinated object-like complement, while τοὺς ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἔχων ἀνδρός is a participial descriptive complement. The syntax is somewhat elliptical, so the attachment of the first accusative phrase is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κένταυρος | κένταυρος | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 πόδας | det | high | |
| 5 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | A---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πόδας | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, modifying πόδας. |
| 6 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-g---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πόδας | nmod | high | Genitive of material/description: horse's feet. |
| 7 | πόδας | πούς | NOUN | N---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Accusative complement in an elliptical contrastive construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | u--------- | _ | 7 πόδας | punct | high | |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἔμπροσθεν | det | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ἔχων | cc | high | Second member of the contrast. |
| 11 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 ἔχων | advmod | high | Adverb used attributively with the substantivized article phrase. |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P---g--p- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἔμπροσθεν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἔμπροσθεν: in front of them. |
| 13 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Κένταυρος. |
| 14 | ἀνδρός | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-gs---m- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχων | obj | medium | Genitive of material/description with the feet understood: human feet. |
| 15 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | u--------- | _ | 15 ἐστιν | punct | high |