Grammar parses for passage 5.19.7
Open translation for this passage
ἡ δὲ ἀνωτάτω χώρα---πέντε γὰρ ἀριθμόν εἰσι--- παρέχεται μὲν ἐπίγραμμα οὐδέν, λείπεται δὲ εἰκάζειν ἐς τὰ ἐπειργασμένα.
The sentence has a parenthetical γὰρ clause after the subject; παρέχεται and λείπεται form the μέν–δέ coordination, with εἰκάζειν as the infinitival complement of λείπεται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώρα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 παρέχεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀνωτάτω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 4 χώρα | advmod | high | Superlative adverb used attributively. |
| 4 | χώρα | χώρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 10 ἀριθμόν | nummod | high | |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 εἰσι | discourse | medium | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 10 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰσι | obj | medium | Accusative of measure/number with εἰσι. |
| 11 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 παρέχεται | parataxis | medium | Parenthetical clause; understood subject refers to the five uppermost areas/sections. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 15 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 15 παρέχεται | advmod | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ at token 21. |
| 17 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Neuter subject of παρέχεται. |
| 18 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Polarity=Neg | 17 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Negative pronominal determiner modifying ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | |
| 20 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 παρέχεται | conj | high | Coordinated predicate, with δέ at token 21. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 λείπεται | cc | high | |
| 22 | εἰκάζειν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 λείπεται | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of λείπεται. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 τὰ | case | high | |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπειργασμένα | det | high | |
| 25 | ἐπειργασμένα | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-RPP-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 22 εἰκάζειν | obl | medium | Substantivized perfect passive participle, ‘the things worked/executed’; ἐς phrase is governed by εἰκάζειν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high |
τέσσαρές τε γάρ εἰσιν αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ ἐργάζονται τὰ ἔργα, ἃ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ὅμηρος εἴρηκε.
The first clause has a nominal predicate αριθμός τέσσαρες with εἰσιν and subject αἱ γυναῖκες; ἃ is a relative pronoun referring to τὰ ἔργα and functions as the object of εἴρηκε, while Ὅμηρος is its subject. The form εἴρηκε is perfect active, likely with present/resultative reference.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέσσαρές | τέσσαρες | NUM | A--NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | nummod | high | Predicate numeral agreeing with γυναῖκες. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 εἰσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PIAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | DA-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | det | high | |
| 6 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἐργάζονται | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 8 | ἐργάζονται | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V3PIMD---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 4 εἰσιν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate with shared subject. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἔργα | det | high | |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N----APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐργάζονται | obj | high | Object of ἐργάζονται and antecedent of the relative pronoun. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐργάζονται | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P--APN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρηκε | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to τὰ ἔργα. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἔπεσιν | case | high | |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἔπεσιν | det | high | |
| 15 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N----DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρηκε | obl | high | Object of ἐν; phrase means in the verses. |
| 16 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N--SNNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἴρηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of εἴρηκε. |
| 17 | εἴρηκε | λέγω | VERB | V3PRAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἐργάζονται | acl:relcl | high | Perfect of λέγω, ‘has said/uttered’; governs relative object ἃ. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰσιν | punct | high |
Κένταυρος δὲ οὐ τοὺς πάντας ἵππου πόδας, τοὺς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἔχων ἀνδρός ἐστιν.
Κένταυρος is the subject of ἐστιν; οὐ negates the predication. The construction contrasts the centaur's four legs with the front pair being human: τοὺς πάντας ἵππου πόδας is the first coordinated object-like complement, while τοὺς ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἔχων ἀνδρός is a participial descriptive complement. The syntax is somewhat elliptical, so the attachment of the first accusative phrase is marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κένταυρος | κένταυρος | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | Polarity=Neg | 15 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 πόδας | det | high | |
| 5 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | A---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πόδας | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, modifying πόδας. |
| 6 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-g---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πόδας | nmod | high | Genitive of material/description: horse's feet. |
| 7 | πόδας | πούς | NOUN | N---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐστιν | obj | medium | Accusative complement in an elliptical contrastive construction. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | u--------- | _ | 7 πόδας | punct | high | |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---am-p- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἔμπροσθεν | det | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 ἔχων | cc | high | Second member of the contrast. |
| 11 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 13 ἔχων | advmod | high | Adverb used attributively with the substantivized article phrase. |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P---g--p- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 11 ἔμπροσθεν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἔμπροσθεν: in front of them. |
| 13 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Κένταυρος. |
| 14 | ἀνδρός | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-gs---m- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχων | obj | medium | Genitive of material/description with the feet understood: human feet. |
| 15 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | u--------- | _ | 15 ἐστιν | punct | high |