Grammar parses for passage 5.19.7
Open translation for this passage
ἡ δὲ ἀνωτάτω χώρα---πέντε γὰρ ἀριθμόν εἰσι--- παρέχεται μὲν ἐπίγραμμα οὐδέν, λείπεται δὲ εἰκάζειν ἐς τὰ ἐπειργασμένα.
The parenthetical numeral clause (πέντε γὰρ ἀριθμόν εἰσι) is syntactically detached and attached as a supplement to the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | PDS---NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 χώρα | det | high | Article modifying χώρα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 χώρα | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | ἀνωτάτω | ἀνωτάτω | ADJ | A--S---NS- | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 χώρα | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying χώρα. |
| 4 | χώρα | χώρα | NOUN | N--S---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέχεται. |
| 5 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 χώρα | punct | high | Dash. |
| 6 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 χώρα | punct | high | Dash. |
| 7 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 χώρα | punct | high | Dash. |
| 8 | πέντε | πέντε | NUM | M--P---NA- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 11 εἰσι | nsubj | medium | Likely subject of εἰσι despite number; phrase πέντε ἀριθμόν may be appositional/elliptical. |
| 9 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 10 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 εἰσι | obj | medium | Accusative of respect/object with εἰσι; possibly adverbial in sense 'by number'. |
| 11 | εἰσι | εἰμί | AUX | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 παρέχεται | discourse | low | Parenthetical clause; attached as supplement to main predicate. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash. |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash. |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἰσι | punct | high | Dash. |
| 15 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V3SPMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 17 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N--S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 παρέχεται | obj | high | Object of παρέχεται. |
| 18 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | DET | PD--S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 17 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Negative determiner modifying ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Comma. |
| 20 | λείπεται | λείπω | VERB | V3SPMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 15 παρέχεται | conj | high | Coordinated with παρέχεται. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 λείπεται | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 22 | εἰκάζειν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 20 λείπεται | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with λείπεται. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 εἰκάζειν | case | high | Preposition governing the following accusative phrase. |
| 24 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | PDS---PNA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 ἐπειργασμένα | det | high | Article modifying ἐπειργασμένα. |
| 25 | ἐπειργασμένα | ἐπεργάζομαι | VERB | V-PRPMPN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 22 εἰκάζειν | obj | medium | Participial substantive; object/complement of εἰκάζειν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 παρέχεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εἰσὶν οὖν ἐν σπηλαίῳ γυνὴ καθεύδουσα σὺν ἀνδρὶ ἐπὶ κλίνῃ, καὶ σφᾶς Ὀδυσσέα εἶναι καὶ Κίρκην ἐδοξάζομεν ἀριθμῷ τε τῶν θεραπαινῶν, αἵ εἰσι πρὸ τοῦ σπηλαίου, καὶ τοῖς ποιουμένοις ὑπʼ αὐτῶν·
The syntax is somewhat paratactic: ἐδοξάζομεν governs an infinitival indirect statement, while the opening εἰσὶν-clause and the relative clause αἵ εἰσι... appear as descriptive additions.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | cop | high | Copula with predicate participial/nominal clause. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | discourse | high | Inferential particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 4 σπηλαίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 4 | σπηλαίῳ | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | obl | high | Locative oblique. |
| 5 | γυνὴ | γυνή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | nsubj | medium | Subject of the main clause; syntax somewhat loose with the participle. |
| 6 | καθεύδουσα | καθεύδω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 γυνὴ | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying γυνή. |
| 7 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 ἀνδρὶ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 8 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καθεύδουσα | obl | high | Comitative oblique with σὺν. |
| 9 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 10 κλίνῃ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 10 | κλίνῃ | κλίνη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καθεύδουσα | obl | high | Locative oblique with ἐπί. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 13 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-APM/F | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | obj | medium | Likely accusative object of the infinitive clause; form/number somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | Ὀδυσσέα | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἶναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object complement with εἶναι in indirect discourse. |
| 15 | εἶναι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐδοξάζομεν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 Κίρκην | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 17 | Κίρκην | Κίρκη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | obj | high | Second accusative in the infinitival content. |
| 18 | ἐδοξάζομεν | δοξάζω | VERB | V-IAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | ἀριθμῷ | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | obl | medium | Dative of respect/instrument; exact nuance uncertain. |
| 20 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 19 ἀριθμῷ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-PPP-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 22 θεραπαινῶν | det | high | Article. |
| 22 | θεραπαινῶν | θεράπαινα | NOUN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἀριθμῷ | nmod | high | Dependent genitive of ἀριθμῷ. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 24 | αἵ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 25 εἰσι | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun. |
| 25 | εἰσι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | advcl | medium | Relative clause modifying the preceding noun phrase. |
| 26 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | _ | 28 σπηλαίου | case | high | Preposition. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-PPP-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 σπηλαίου | det | high | Article. |
| 28 | σπηλαίου | σπήλαιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 εἰσι | obl | high | Genitive with πρό. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 31 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-PPP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 32 ποιουμένοις | det | high | Article. |
| 32 | ποιουμένοις | ποιέω | VERB | V-PPP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | obl | high | Substantival participle in dative. |
| 33 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 34 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 34 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---GF- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 32 ποιουμένοις | obl | high | Agentive/comitative phrase with ὑπό. |
| 35 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐδοξάζομεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τέσσαρές τε γάρ εἰσιν αἱ γυναῖκες καὶ ἐργάζονται τὰ ἔργα, ἃ ἐν τοῖς ἔπεσιν Ὅμηρος εἴρηκε.
The main clause has an existential/copular structure (τέσσαρές ... εἰσιν γυναῖκες) coordinated with ἐργάζονται; the relative clause is attached to ἔργα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέσσαρές | τέσσαρες | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 γυναῖκες | nummod | high | Predicate numeral modifying γυναῖκες. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 1 τέσσαρές | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 4 εἰσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/existential verb of first clause. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 γυναῖκες | det | high | Article modifying γυναῖκες. |
| 6 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἐργάζονται | cc | high | Connects coordinated predicate clause. |
| 8 | ἐργάζονται | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 4 εἰσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἔργα | det | high | Article modifying ἔργα. |
| 10 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐργάζονται | obj | high | Direct object of ἐργάζονται. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐργάζονται | punct | high | Comma separating main clause from relative clause. |
| 12 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 17 εἴρηκε | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of εἴρηκε. |
| 13 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 15 ἔπεσιν | case | high | Preposition governing ἔπεσιν. |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 ἔπεσιν | det | high | Article modifying ἔπεσιν. |
| 15 | ἔπεσιν | ἔπος | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 εἴρηκε | obl | high | Adverbial oblique with ἐν. |
| 16 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 εἴρηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of εἴρηκε. |
| 17 | εἴρηκε | λέγω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 ἐργάζονται | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἔργα. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 εἰσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Κένταυρος δὲ οὐ τοὺς πάντας ἵππου πόδας, τοὺς δὲ ἔμπροσθεν αὐτῶν ἔχων ἀνδρός ἐστιν.
The syntax is elliptical: two coordinated/descriptive clauses modify Κένταυρος, with the participial phrase ἔχων ... ἀνδρός expressing the centaur's human front part.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κένταυρος | Κένταυρος | NOUN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | p---a--- | _ | 15 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | part | Polarity=Neg | 15 ἐστιν | advmod | high | Negates the participial clause. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 πόδας | det | high | Article modifying πόδας. |
| 5 | πάντας | πᾶς | ADJ | a-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πόδας | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying πόδας. |
| 6 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 πόδας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πόδας. |
| 7 | πόδας | πούς | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἔχων | obj | high | Object of ἔχων. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἀνδρός | det | high | Article modifying ἀνδρός. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | p---a--- | _ | 14 ἀνδρός | discourse | medium | Second δέ likely postpositive marker; syntax is somewhat awkward. |
| 11 | ἔμπροσθεν | ἔμπροσθεν | ADV | d-------- | _ | 13 ἔχων | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔχων. |
| 12 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 ἔμπροσθεν | obl | medium | Dependent genitive with ἔμπροσθεν; analysis uncertain. |
| 13 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying the main verb. |
| 14 | ἀνδρός | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔχων | obl | high | Genitive complement in comparison/possession-like relation; semantically linked to ἔχων. |
| 15 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | v3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular/identificational verb. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |