Grammar parses for passage 5.2.2
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἔμαθεν, ἐνταῦθα οἱ Ἠλεῖοι δίκας τοῦ φόνου παρὰ Ἀργείων ἀπῄτουν· τηνικαῦτα γὰρ ἔτυχεν Ἡρακλῆς ἐν Τίρυνθι οἰκῶν.
ὡς introduces a temporal subordinate clause with an implicit/previously supplied subject; ἔμαθεν is treated as aorist indicative. The main clause has Ἠλεῖοι as subject and ἀπῄτουν as imperfect predicate, with δίκας as object and παρὰ + genitive marking the source. οἰκῶν is a circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἡρακλῆς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 3 ἔμαθεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἀπῄτουν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔμαθεν | μανθάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 13 ἀπῄτουν | advcl | medium | Temporal aorist; subject is implicit or contextually supplied. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 ἔμαθεν | punct | high | |
| 5 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἀπῄτουν | advmod | high | Then/thereupon, functioning as a temporal or discourse adverb. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- שא? | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 Ἠλεῖοι | det | high | Article with ethnic name. |
| 7 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ἀπῄτουν | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 8 | δίκας | δίκη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 13 ἀπῄτουν | obj | high | Plural accusative object: claims/legal actions. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 10 φόνου | det | high | Article with φόνου. |
| 10 | φόνου | φόνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 δίκας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δίκας: of the killing. |
| 11 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | _ | 12 Ἀργείων | case | high | παρά governs the genitive here. |
| 12 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ἀπῄτουν | obl | high | Source/party from whom the claims are demanded. |
| 13 | ἀπῄτουν | ἀπαιτέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 ἀπῄτουν | punct | high | |
| 15 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 ἔτυχεν | advmod | high | At that time. |
| 16 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἔτυχεν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 17 | ἔτυχεν | τυγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 13 ἀπῄτουν | parataxis | medium | Explanatory finite clause; syntactically coordinated/paratactic after the main clause. |
| 18 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 17 ἔτυχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔτυχεν and participial complement. |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 20 Τίρυνθι | case | high | Locative preposition. |
| 20 | Τίρυνθι | Τίρυνς | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 21 οἰκῶν | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐν; place name. |
| 21 | οἰκῶν | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 17 ἔτυχεν | xcomp | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 ἔτυχεν | punct | high |
μὴ διδόντων δέ σφισι δίκας τῶν Ἀργείων, οἱ δὲ δεύτερα ἐνέκειντο Κορινθίοις ἔκσπονδον τὸ Ἀργολικὸν πᾶν τοῦ ἀγῶνος γενέσθαι τοῦ Ἰσθμικοῦ.
The genitive absolute μὴ διδόντων ... τῶν Ἀργείων sets the condition/background: since the Argives did not grant them justice, οἱ (the Argives) pressed the Corinthians to make the whole Argolic contingent excluded from the Isthmian contest. The infinitive γενέσθαι is complementary to ἐνέκειντο; ἔκσπονδον is a predicate accusative agreeing with τὸ Ἀργολικὸν πᾶν. δεύτερα is adverbial ('again/secondly').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μὴ | μή | PART | _ | Polarity=Neg | 2 διδόντων | advmod | high | |
| 2 | διδόντων | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ἐνέκειντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with τῶν Ἀργείων. |
| 3 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | |
| 4 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 2 διδόντων | iobj | medium | Refers to the group receiving justice, antecedent understood from context. |
| 5 | δίκας | δίκη | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 2 διδόντων | obj | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ἀργείων | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀργείων | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 διδόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participle. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐνέκειντο | punct | high | |
| 9 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 ἐνέκειντο | nsubj | medium | Substantival article/pronoun, probably referring to the Argives. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 12 ἐνέκειντο | cc | high | |
| 11 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἐνέκειντο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative: 'secondly/again'. |
| 12 | ἐνέκειντο | ἐγκεῖμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect middle, 'pressed/insisted'. |
| 13 | Κορινθίοις | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐνέκειντο | iobj | high | Dative with ἐνέκειντο. |
| 14 | ἔκσπονδον | ἔκσπονδος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 γενέσθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with γενέσθαι; agrees with τὸ Ἀργολικὸν πᾶν. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Ἀργολικὸν | det | high | |
| 16 | Ἀργολικὸν | Ἀργολικός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πᾶν | amod | high | |
| 17 | πᾶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 γενέσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι; τὸ Ἀργολικὸν πᾶν means 'the whole Argolic [contingent/force]'. |
| 18 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 19 | ἀγῶνος | ἀγών | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Genitive of separation/exclusion with ἔκσπονδον. |
| 20 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἐνέκειντο | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐνέκειντο. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 Ἰσθμικοῦ | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἰσθμικοῦ | Ἰσθμικός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἀγῶνος | amod | high | 'Isthmian', modifying ἀγῶνος. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐνέκειντο | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἡμάρτανον καὶ τούτου, Μολίνην θέσθαι φασὶν ἐπὶ τοῖς πολίταις κατάρας, ἢν Ἰσθμίων μὴ θέλωσιν εἴργεσθαι.
The temporal ὡς-clause has an imperfect first-person plural verb with an implicit subject; φασίν governs the infinitival report θέσθαι, whose subject is the accusative Μολίνην. ἢν introduces a conditional clause within the content, with θέλωσιν governing εἴργεσθαι; κατάρας is the object of θέσθαι, and ἐπί with the dative marks the persons against whom the curses were laid. The exact referent and syntactic force of τούτου are somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C---- | PronType=Rel | 3 ἡμάρτανον | mark | high | Temporal/concessive subordinator introducing the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 3 ἡμάρτανον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡμάρτανον | ἁμαρτάνω | VERB | V-IAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 9 φασὶν | advcl | high | Imperfect first-person plural; subject is implicit. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 5 τούτου | cc | high | Coordinates with τούτου. |
| 5 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | P---GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἡμάρτανον | obj | medium | Genitive dependent on ἁμαρτάνω, likely 'in this matter'; exact antecedent is contextual. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἡμάρτανον | punct | high | |
| 7 | Μολίνην | Μολίνη | PROPN | Ne-sf-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 θέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive θέσθαι. |
| 8 | θέσθαι | τίθημι | VERB | V--MNM---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασίν. |
| 9 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, with reported infinitive. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R----DS- | AdpType=Prep | 12 πολίταις | case | high | Preposition governing the dative τοῖς πολίταις. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 πολίταις | det | high | |
| 12 | πολίταις | πολίτης | NOUN | N---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 κατάρας | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί, with adversative/target sense. |
| 13 | κατάρας | κατάρα | NOUN | N---AFP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 θέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of θέσθαι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 θέσθαι | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἢν | ἐάν | SCONJ | C-------- | ConjType=Cond | 18 θέλωσιν | mark | high | Conditional subordinator, equivalent to ἐάν. |
| 16 | Ἰσθμίων | Ἰσθμία | PROPN | N-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 εἴργεσθαι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on εἴργεσθαι, likely 'from the Isthmian games'; proper-name form is elliptical. |
| 17 | μὴ | μή | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 18 θέλωσιν | advmod | high | Negative particle with θέλωσιν. |
| 18 | θέλωσιν | θέλω | VERB | V-PAS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 θέσθαι | advcl | high | Conditional protasis; governs the passive infinitive εἴργεσθαι. |
| 19 | εἴργεσθαι | εἴργω | VERB | V-PPN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 18 θέλωσιν | xcomp | high | Present passive infinitive, complement of θέλωσιν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φασὶν | punct | high |
φυλάσσουσι δὲ τῆς Μολίνης καὶ ἐς τόδε ἔτι τὰς κατάρας, καὶ ὅσοι τὰ σώματα ἀσκοῦσιν Ἠλείων, οὔ σφισιν ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐσελθεῖν καθέστηκε τὸν Ἰσθμικόν.
The second clause has καθέστηκε governing the infinitive ἐσελθεῖν, with οὔ σφισιν as an impersonal negative construction; τὸν Ἰσθμικόν is an elliptical accusative modifier of ἀγῶνα. The antecedent of ὅσοι is the Eleans, and Ἠλείων is genitive dependent on σώματα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φυλάσσουσι | φυλάσσω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 φυλάσσουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Μολίνης | det | high | |
| 4 | Μολίνης | Μολίνη | PROPN | NE-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατάρας | nmod | medium | Proper name; genitive depends on κατάρας. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 κατάρας | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 τόδε | case | high | |
| 7 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | PD-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 ἔτι | obl | medium | Accusative temporal extent with ἐς: ‘to this day’. |
| 8 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 φυλάσσουσι | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-APF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 κατάρας | det | high | |
| 10 | κατάρας | κατάρα | NOUN | N-A能AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 1 φυλάσσουσι | obj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φυλάσσουσι | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἀσκοῦσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following relative clause with the preceding assertion. |
| 13 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | PQR-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 16 ἀσκοῦσιν | nsubj | high | Relative subject, ‘all who’. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 σώματα | det | high | |
| 15 | σώματα | σῶμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἀσκοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 16 | ἀσκοῦσιν | ἀσκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 καθέστηκε | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 17 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 σώματα | nmod | medium | Substantival/genitival relation to σώματα; likely ‘of the Eleans’. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 καθέστηκε | punct | high | |
| 19 | οὔ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 25 καθέστηκε | advmod | high | Negates the impersonal construction. |
| 20 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 καθέστηκε | iobj | high | Dative of the persons concerned. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ἀγῶνα | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἐσελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of entering. |
| 24 | ἐσελθεῖν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 25 καθέστηκε | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by καθέστηκε. |
| 25 | καθέστηκε | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 1 φυλάσσουσι | conj | medium | Perfect form with stative/impersonal sense, ‘it is established/allowed’. |
| 26 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 Ἰσθμικόν | det | high | |
| 27 | Ἰσθμικόν | Ἰσθμικός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀγῶνα | amod | medium | Elliptical adjective modifying ἀγῶνα: ‘the Isthmian contest’. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 φυλάσσουσι | punct | high |