Grammar parses for passage 5.21.16
Open translation for this passage
μείζονος δὲ ἔτι θαύματος, εἴ γε καὶ αὐτῶν ἐτόλμησεν ἤδη τις Ἠλείων.
The sentence is an elliptical genitive absolute-like exclamatory construction: μείζονος ... θαύματος is a genitive complement/exclamation, followed by an εἰ-clause with γε καὶ αὐτῶν and an indefinite subject τις; the omitted governing expression is understood from context. The attachment of the genitive phrase is therefore analyzed provisionally as a root nominal predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μείζονος | μέγας | ADJ | A- -GNS | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 θαύματος | amod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐτόλμησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 μείζονος | advmod | high | |
| 4 | θαύματος | θαῦμα | NOUN | N2- -GNS | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Elliptical genitive construction; governing noun or expression is omitted. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 θαύματος | punct | high | |
| 6 | εἴ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐτόλμησεν | mark | medium | Introduces a subordinate conditional/content-like clause in an elliptical construction. |
| 7 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 εἴ | advmod | medium | Restrictive/emphatic particle. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | PART | D-------- | _ | 9 αὐτῶν | advmod | high | Scalar/additive use: ‘even’. |
| 9 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-G--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 τις | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τις, likely partitive: ‘some of them’. |
| 10 | ἐτόλμησεν | τολμάω | VERB | V3SAAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 θαύματος | advcl | high | Finite verb of the εἰ-clause. |
| 11 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐτόλμησεν | advmod | high | |
| 12 | τις | τις | PRON | P--NSM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐτόλμησεν | nsubj | high | Indefinite nominative subject. |
| 13 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N3P--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 αὐτῶν | nmod | high | Genitive plural ethnonym, dependent on αὐτῶν appositionally/specifying the group. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 θαύματος | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ὡς Δαμόνικος τολμήσειεν Ἠλεῖος δευτέρᾳ πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατὸν καὶ ἐνενήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι·
The content clause λέγεται ὡς ... has τολμήσειεν as its finite verb; πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατὸν καὶ ἐνενήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι is a temporal phrase meaning around/in the 190th Olympiad, with an unusual numeral form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τολμήσειεν | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause; can also be analyzed as a complementizer. |
| 4 | Δαμόνικος | Δαμόνικος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τολμήσειεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | τολμήσειεν | τολμάω | VERB | V-A-AO-3S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | |
| 6 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Δαμόνικος | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective in apposition to Δαμόνικος; appos is also possible. |
| 7 | δευτέρᾳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Ὀλυμπιάδι | case | high | The phrase πρὸς ταῖς ... is an idiomatic temporal expression. |
| 9 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 Ὀλυμπιάδι | det | high | |
| 10 | ἑκατὸν | ἑκατόν | NUM | NR-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐνενήκοντα | nummod | medium | Indeclinable numeral; conventional agreement/attachment in the compound ordinal expression is uncertain. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐνενήκοντα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐνενήκοντα | ἐνενήκοντα | NUM | NR-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 Ὀλυμπιάδι | nummod | medium | Indeclinable numeral; together with ἑκατόν denotes 190. |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τολμήσειεν | obl | high | Dative temporal complement governed by πρὸς. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
Δαμόνικον δέ, ἅτε περισσῶς ἐπιθυμοῦντα γενέσθαι τῷ παιδὶ τὴν νίκην, δοῦναι τοῦ Σωσάνδρου τῷ πατρὶ χρήματα.
Accusative Δαμόνικον is the understood subject of the infinitival construction δοῦναι, with ἅτε περισσῶς ἐπιθυμοῦντα γενέσθαι forming a causal/characterizing participial adjunct; τῷ παιδί is dative with γενέσθαι, while τοῦ Σωσάνδρου is a genitive of price/source with χρήματα understood as the amount paid to the father.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαμόνικον | Δαμόνικος | PROPN | Neut?AccSg / Masc?AccSg | Case=Acc|Number=Sing | 13 δοῦναι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive δοῦναι; proper name, gender uncertain from form. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 δοῦναι | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 δοῦναι | punct | high | |
| 4 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἐπιθυμοῦντα | mark | high | Introduces a causal/characterizing participial clause. |
| 5 | περισσῶς | περισσῶς | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἐπιθυμοῦντα | advmod | high | |
| 6 | ἐπιθυμοῦντα | ἐπιθυμέω | VERB | PPA-AccSg | Case=Acc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 δοῦναι | advcl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with Δαμόνικον. |
| 7 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V2AInf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 6 ἐπιθυμοῦντα | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἐπιθυμοῦντα; ‘the victory to come/become’. |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-DatSg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 παιδὶ | det | high | |
| 9 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-DatSg | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/association with γενέσθαι. |
| 10 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-AccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 νίκην | det | high | |
| 11 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-AccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 δοῦναι | punct | high | |
| 13 | δοῦναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V2AInf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main infinitive of the reported construction. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-GenSg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Σωσάνδρου | det | high | |
| 15 | Σωσάνδρου | Σώσανδρος | PROPN | N-GenSg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρήματα | nmod | medium | Genitive of price/source with χρήματα; exact semantic relation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-DatSg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 πατρὶ | det | high | |
| 17 | πατρὶ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-DatSg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 δοῦναι | iobj | high | Recipient of δοῦναι. |
| 18 | χρήματα | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-AccPl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 δοῦναι | obj | high | Direct object of δοῦναι. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 13 δοῦναι | punct | high |