Grammar parses for passage 5.21.3
Open translation for this passage
πρῶτοι δὲ ἀριθμὸν ἓξ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀγδόης ἔστησαν καὶ ἐνενηκοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος·
The date phrase is elliptical and somewhat compressed; ὀγδόης and ἐνενηκοστῆς are coordinated genitive adjectives modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος, with ἐπὶ governing the whole temporal expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | ADJ-m-p-nom | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔστησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial use: 'firstly/first' modifying the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 8 ἔστησαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | NOUN-m-s-acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστησαν | obj | medium | Likely accusative of respect/measure with 'ἓξ'. |
| 4 | ἓξ | ἕξ | NUM | NUM | NumType=Card | 8 ἔστησαν | obj | medium | Numeral dependent with ἀριθμὸν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἔστησαν | case | high | Introduces the date phrase. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- f-s-gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ὀγδόης | det | high | Article modifying ὀγδόης. |
| 7 | ὀγδόης | ὄγδοος | ADJ | ADJ-f-s-gen | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Adjective modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 8 | ἔστησαν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-3p-aor-act-ind | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἐνενηκοστῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the two ordinal modifiers. |
| 10 | ἐνενηκοστῆς | ἐνενηκοστός | ADJ | ADJ-f-s-gen | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | Coordinates with ὀγδόης. |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | NOUN-f-s-gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστησαν | obl | high | Genitive complement in the temporal phrase after ἐπί. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἔστησαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τοῦτο ἐξ ἀθλητῶν ἀδίκημα ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα πρῶτον γενέσθαι λέγουσι, καὶ πρῶτοι χρήμασιν ἐζημιώθησαν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων Εὔπωλος καὶ οἱ δεξάμενοι δῶρα παρὰ Εὐπώλου.
The first clause contains an infinitival complement after λέγουσι; the second clause coordinates a passive statement with a following participial noun phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 λέγουσι | obj | high | Accusative-like semantic role from infinitival clause; form is nominative/accusative neuter singular, here functioning as subject of the infinitive with attraction. |
| 2 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | _ | 3 ἀθλητῶν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 3 | ἀθλητῶν | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀδίκημα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐξ. |
| 4 | ἀδίκημα | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 λέγουσι | csubj | medium | Nominal predicate/subject of infinitival clause; clause as a whole is subject of λέγουσι. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 7 ἀγῶνα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀγῶνα | det | high | Article with ἀγῶνα. |
| 7 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Goal/limit of the infinitival clause. |
| 8 | πρῶτον | πρῶτον | ADV | D- | _ | 9 γενέσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial use modifying γενέσθαι; could also be read as neuter acc. of πρῶτος. |
| 9 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--ANM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 4 ἀδίκημα | acl | high | Infinitival clause modifying ἀδίκημα. |
| 10 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-3PPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 13 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial/predicative use meaning 'first'; possibly subject-like with passive verb. |
| 14 | χρήμασιν | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | obl | high | Dative of means/penalty. |
| 15 | ἐζημιώθησαν | ζημιόω | VERB | V-3PAPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 λέγουσι | conj | high | Coordinated with λέγουσι. |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R- | _ | 17 Ἠλείων | case | high | Agent marker with genitive. |
| 17 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | Ne- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | obl | high | Agent of passive verb. |
| 18 | Εὔπωλος | Εὔπωλος | PROPN | Ne-S---N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 οἱ | nsubj | medium | Proper name; nominative subject of the participial clause. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 18 Εὔπωλος | cc | high | Coordinates subject with οἱ δεξάμενοι. |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 δεξάμενοι | det | high | Article substantivizing participle. |
| 21 | δεξάμενοι | δέχομαι | VERB | V-APM-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 Εὔπωλος | conj | high | Participial modifier coordinated with Εὔπωλος. |
| 22 | δῶρα | δῶρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 δεξάμενοι | obj | high | Object of δεξάμενοι. |
| 23 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R- | _ | 24 Εὐπώλου | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 24 | Εὐπώλου | Εὔπωλος | PROPN | Ne-S---G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 δεξάμενοι | obl | high | Source/agent with παρά. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δύο μὲν δὴ ἐξ αὐτῶν ἔργα Κλέωνος Σικυωνίου·
Fragmentary nominal sentence: ἔργα is the syntactic head, with a genitive phrase naming attribution and a partitive/prepositional phrase ἐξ αὐτῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δύο | δύο | NUM | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἔργα | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ἔργα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἔργα | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἔργα | discourse | high | Modal/emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 5 αὐτῶν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτῶν. |
| 5 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 4 ἐξ | obl | medium | Likely genitive complement of ἐκ; could also be partitive depending on context. |
| 6 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Root nominal predicate/title-like fragment. |
| 7 | Κλέωνος | Κλέων | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔργα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἔργα. |
| 8 | Σικυωνίου | Σικυώνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κλέωνος | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Κλέωνος. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔργα | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |