Grammar parses for passage 5.21.3
Open translation for this passage
πρῶτοι δὲ ἀριθμὸν ἓξ ἐπὶ τῆς ὀγδόης ἔστησαν καὶ ἐνενηκοστῆς Ὀλυμπιάδος·
The clause means that they were the first to establish the number six, in the eighth and ninety-fifth Olympiad; ἐπὶ governs the two coordinated genitives, with Ὀλυμπιάδος understood after ὀγδόης. The construction of ἀριθμὸν ἓξ is treated as an accusative result/object phrase with ἔστησαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔστησαν | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ἔστησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστησαν | obj | medium | Accusative object/result phrase with ἓξ. |
| 4 | ἓξ | ἕξ | NUM | M-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀριθμὸν | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral indeclinable in form; agrees syntactically with ἀριθμόν. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ὀγδόης | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GS-F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὀγδόης | det | high | |
| 7 | ὀγδόης | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἔστησαν | obl | high | Substantivized ordinal; Ὀλυμπιάδος is understood with it. |
| 8 | ἔστησαν | ἵστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | conj | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐνενηκοστῆς | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐνενηκοστῆς | ἐνενηκοστός | ADJ | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὀγδόης | conj | high | Coordinated genitive ordinal; Ὀλυμπιάδος is expressed after it. |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνενηκοστῆς | nmod | high | Genitive complement shared by the coordinated ordinals. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔστησαν | punct | high |
Εὔπωλος γὰρ Θεσσαλὸς χρήμασι διέφθειρε τοὺς ἐλθόντας τῶν πυκτῶν, Ἀγήτορα Ἀρκάδα καὶ Πρύτανιν Κυζικηνόν, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς καὶ Φορμίωνα Ἁλικαρνασσέα μὲν γένος, Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ τῇ πρὸ ταύτης κρατήσαντα.
Εὔπωλος is the subject of διέφθειρε; the coordinated accusatives are its objects. Ἁλικαρνασσέα μὲν γένος supplies an accusative-of-respect/apposition description of Φορμίωνα, while κρατήσαντα agrees with Φορμίωνα and takes Ὀλυμπιάδι as a temporal reference and τῇ ... ταύτης as an attributive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Εὔπωλος | Εὔπωλος | PROPN | N------S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέφθειρε | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 διέφθειρε | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | Θεσσαλὸς | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N------S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Εὔπωλος | appos | high | Ethnic apposition to Εὔπωλος. |
| 4 | χρήμασι | χρῆμα | NOUN | N----D-P-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 διέφθειρε | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 5 | διέφθειρε | διαφθείρω | VERB | V---IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--AMP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐλθόντας | det | high | |
| 7 | ἐλθόντας | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-AAP-AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 διέφθειρε | obj | high | Substantivized participle, further specified by τῶν πυκτῶν. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--GMP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 πυκτῶν | det | high | |
| 9 | πυκτῶν | πύκτης | NOUN | N---GMP-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐλθόντας | nmod | high | Partitive/specifying genitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέφθειρε | punct | high | |
| 11 | Ἀγήτορα | Ἀγήτωρ | PROPN | N---AMS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέφθειρε | obj | high | First coordinated object. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδα | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N---AMS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἀγήτορα | appos | high | Ethnic apposition. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 Πρύτανιν | cc | high | |
| 14 | Πρύτανιν | Πρύτανις | PROPN | N---AMS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέφθειρε | obj | high | Second coordinated object. |
| 15 | Κυζικηνόν | Κυζικηνός | PROPN | N---AMS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Πρύτανιν | appos | high | Ethnic apposition. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέφθειρε | punct | high | |
| 17 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτοῖς | case | high | |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 Φορμίωνα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----D-P- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 21 Φορμίωνα | obl | high | With σύν; refers to the previously named boxers. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 Φορμίωνα | cc | high | |
| 21 | Φορμίωνα | Φορμίων | PROPN | N---AMS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 διέφθειρε | obj | high | Additional object coordinated with the preceding names. |
| 22 | Ἁλικαρνασσέα | Ἁλικαρνασσεύς | PROPN | N---AMS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Φορμίωνα | appos | medium | Ethnic apposition; accusative agrees with Φορμίωνα. |
| 23 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 24 γένος | advmod | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 24 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N---ANS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 Ἁλικαρνασσέα | obl | medium | Accusative of respect: ‘in origin/by race’; syntactically dependent on the ethnic description. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέφθειρε | punct | high | |
| 26 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N---DSF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 κρατήσαντα | obl | medium | Temporal/reference dative, ‘at/in the Olympiad’. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 κρατήσαντα | cc | high | Correlative with μέν. |
| 28 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ταύτης | det | high | |
| 29 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 30 ταύτης | case | high | Preposition governing ταύτης. |
| 30 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | P---GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 31 κρατήσαντα | obl | high | Genitive governed by πρό; τῇ ... ταύτης modifies Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 31 | κρατήσαντα | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAP-AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 Φορμίωνα | acl | high | Participial modifier of Φορμίωνα; ‘who won/was victorious’. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 διέφθειρε | punct | high |
τοῦτο ἐξ ἀθλητῶν ἀδίκημα ἐς τὸν ἀγῶνα πρῶτον γενέσθαι λέγουσι, καὶ πρῶτοι χρήμασιν ἐζημιώθησαν ὑπὸ Ἠλείων Εὔπωλος καὶ οἱ δεξάμενοι δῶρα παρὰ Εὐπώλου.
Infinitival clause τοῦτο ... γενέσθαι is the object of λέγουσι; ἀδίκημα is the predicative subject of γενέσθαι, while the second clause has Εὔπωλος καὶ οἱ δεξάμενοι as coordinated subjects of ἐζημιώθησαν. The participle δεξάμενοι is substantival and takes δῶρα as its object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--na | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἀδίκημα | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject of γενέσθαι; neuter singular agrees notionally with ἀδίκημα. |
| 2 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 3 ἀθλητῶν | case | high | |
| 3 | ἀθλητῶν | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἀδίκημα | nmod | high | Source/partitive genitive: an offense among athletes. |
| 4 | ἀδίκημα | ἀδίκημα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject/predicate noun of the infinitive γενέσθαι. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἀγῶνα | case | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Goal/domain complement of γενέσθαι. |
| 8 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-NSN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 γενέσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial first occurrence; formally neuter singular of the superlative. |
| 9 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 λέγουσι | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by λέγουσι. |
| 10 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause with the λέγουσι clause. |
| 13 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-NPM-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | advmod | medium | Predicative/adverbial ‘first’; modifies the event of being fined. |
| 14 | χρήμασιν | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | obl | high | Dative of penalty/payment: fined in money. |
| 15 | ἐζημιώθησαν | ζημιόω | VERB | V-API-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 λέγουσι | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with λέγουσι; subject follows. |
| 16 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R | _ | 17 Ἠλείων | case | high | |
| 17 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 18 | Εὔπωλος | Εὔπωλος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | nsubj | high | First coordinated subject of ἐζημιώθησαν. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 οἱ | cc | high | |
| 20 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 δεξάμενοι | det | high | Article substantivizing δεξάμενοι. |
| 21 | δεξάμενοι | δέχομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 18 Εὔπωλος | conj | high | Substantival participle, coordinated subject with Εὔπωλος; understood as ‘those who accepted’. |
| 22 | δῶρα | δῶρον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 δεξάμενοι | obj | high | Object of δεξάμενοι. |
| 23 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 24 Εὐπώλου | case | high | |
| 24 | Εὐπώλου | Εὔπωλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 δεξάμενοι | obl | high | Source complement of δεξάμενοι. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐζημιώθησαν | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐφεξῆς τέσσαρα ὅστις ἐποίησεν, οὐκ ἴσμεν.
The neuter plural τὰ τέσσαρα is the object/topic of ἐποίησεν, with ἐφεξῆς modifying it; ὅστις introduces the relative interrogative/indefinite subject of ἐποίησεν, and οὐκ ἴσμεν has an understood first-person plural subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 τέσσαρα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἴσμεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 τέσσαρα | advmod | high | |
| 4 | τέσσαρα | τέσσαρες | NUM | M----NA-3 | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐποίησεν | obj | medium | Neuter plural numeral used substantivally; object of ἐποίησεν. |
| 5 | ὅστις | ὅστις | PRON | PQS---MS1 | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | medium | Indefinite relative/interrogative pronoun, subject of ἐποίησεν. |
| 6 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἴσμεν | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause modifying the preceding substantive expression τὰ ... τέσσαρα; syntactically the clause's subject is ὅστις. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἴσμεν | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect form with present meaning. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἴσμεν | punct | high |