Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.21.4

← 5.21.3 5.21.5 →

Passage 5.21.4

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

114Greek tokens

3,386input tokens

8,000output tokens

Sentence 1

5.21.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 19
Input: 732
Output: 1,422
Total: 2,154

τῶν δὲ ἀγαλμάτων τούτων παρέντι τρίτον τε ἐξ αὐτῶν καὶ τέταρτον, γεγραμμένα ἐλεγεῖά ἐστιν ἐπὶ τοῖς ἄλλοις.

The participle παρέντι is difficult and likely means ‘to one passing by’ or ‘for a passer-by’; τρίτον and τέταρτον are substantivized ordinals coordinated by τε καί, while γεγραμμένα agrees with the implied ἐλεγεῖα. The construction is somewhat textually/semantically uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	3 ἀγαλμάτων	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	15 ἐστιν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἀγαλμάτων	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 παρέντι	obl	medium	Genitive with παρέντι; exact semantic relation is uncertain.
4	τούτων	οὗτος	DET	D-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	3 ἀγαλμάτων	det	high
5	παρέντι	παρένειμι	VERB	V-PAPDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	15 ἐστιν	advcl	low	Rare/uncertain form; possibly a dative substantivized participle, ‘for/to one passing by’.
6	τρίτον	τρίτος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 γεγραμμένα	conj	medium	Substantivized ordinal; coordinated with τέταρτον.
7	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 τέταρτον	cc	high
8	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	9 αὐτῶν	case	high
9	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	6 τρίτον	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐξ.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 τέταρτον	cc	high
11	τέταρτον	τέταρτος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 τρίτον	conj	high	Substantivized ordinal; paired with τρίτον.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 γεγραμμένα	punct	high
13	γεγραμμένα	γράφω	VERB	V-RPPNPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	14 ἐλεγεῖά	acl	high	Perfect passive participle modifying implied neuter plural ἐλεγεῖα.
14	ἐλεγεῖά	ἐλεγεῖον	NOUN	N-NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
15	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI3-S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Singular copula with neuter plural subject, as normal in Greek.
16	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	18 ἄλλοις	case	high
17	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	18 ἄλλοις	det	high
18	ἄλλοις	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-DPN	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ἐλεγεῖά	obl	high	Substantivized adjective, ‘the other [inscriptions/epigrams]’.
19	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐστιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

5.21.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 24
Input: 814
Output: 1,684
Total: 2,498

ἐθέλει δὲ τὸ μὲν πρῶτον τῶν ἐλεγείων δηλοῦν ὡς οὐ χρήμασιν ἀλλὰ ὠκύτητι τῶν ποδῶν καὶ ὑπὸ ἰσχύος σώματος Ὀλυμπικὴν ἔστιν εὑρέσθαι νίκην,

The sentence contains a ὡς-content clause under δηλοῦν; εὑρέσθαι with impersonal ἔστιν expresses that an Olympic victory can be obtained, contrasting money with speed of feet and bodily strength.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἐθέλει	ἐθέλω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἐθέλει	cc	high
3	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 πρῶτον	det	high
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	PRT	_	5 πρῶτον	discourse	high	Correlative μέν, paired with ἀλλά.
5	πρῶτον	πρῶτος	ADJ	A-SAN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 δηλοῦν	obj	high	Substantivized: ‘the first [of the elegies]’.
6	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἐλεγείων	det	high
7	ἐλεγείων	ἐλεγεῖον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 πρῶτον	nmod	high
8	δηλοῦν	δηλόω	VERB	V-PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	1 ἐθέλει	xcomp	high
9	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	8 δηλοῦν	mark	high	Introduces the content clause.
10	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PRT-N	Polarity=Neg	21 ἔστιν	advmod	high
11	χρήμασιν	χρῆμα	NOUN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	13 ὠκύτητι	obl	high	Dative of means.
12	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	13 ὠκύτητι	cc	high	Contrasts χρήμασιν with the following means expressions.
13	ὠκύτητι	ὠκύτης	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἔστιν	obl	high	Dative of means.
14	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ποδῶν	det	high
15	ποδῶν	πούς	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ὠκύτητι	nmod	high
16	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἰσχύος	cc	high	Coordinates the second means phrase.
17	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	18 ἰσχύος	case	high	With genitive, expressing agency/cause.
18	ἰσχύος	ἰσχύς	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 ἔστιν	obl	high	Genitive complement of ὑπό.
19	σώματος	σῶμα	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 ἰσχύος	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἰσχύος.
20	Ὀλυμπικὴν	Ὀλυμπικός	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 νίκην	amod	high
21	ἔστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	22 εὑρέσθαι	aux	high	Impersonal existential construction with εὑρέσθαι.
22	εὑρέσθαι	εὑρίσκω	VERB	V-AMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	8 δηλοῦν	ccomp	medium	Infinitival content dependent on δηλοῦν; ἔστιν forms an impersonal possibility/existence construction.
23	νίκην	νίκη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 εὑρέσθαι	obj	high
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἐθέλει	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.21.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 27
Input: 829
Output: 1,934
Total: 2,763

τὸ δὲ ἐπὶ τῷ δευτέρῳ φησὶν ὡς τὸ ἄγαλμα ἕστηκε τιμῇ τε τῇ ἐς τὸ θεῖον καὶ ὑπὸ εὐσεβείας τῆς Ἠλείων καὶ ἀθληταῖς παρανομοῦσιν εἶναι δέος·

φησὶν introduces an ὡς-clause: ‘he says that the image stands both in honor of the divine and because of the Eleans’ piety, and that there is fear for athletes who transgress’; the final coordination is syntactically compressed, so attachment of εἶναι/δέος is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 δευτέρῳ	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 φησὶν	cc	high
3	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	5 δευτέρῳ	case	high
4	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T----DSN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 δευτέρῳ	det	high
5	δευτέρῳ	δεύτερος	ADJ	A----DSN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 φησὶν	obl	medium	Substantivized: ‘with regard to the second [point/statue]’.
6	φησὶν	φημί	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C--------	_	10 ἕστηκε	mark	high	Introduces content clause.
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ἄγαλμα	det	high
9	ἄγαλμα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἕστηκε	nsubj	high
10	ἕστηκε	ἵστημι	VERB	V-RIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	6 φησὶν	ccomp	high	Perfect with stative meaning ‘stands/is standing’.
11	τιμῇ	τιμή	NOUN	N----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἕστηκε	obl	medium	Dative of circumstance/ground.
12	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	11 τιμῇ	cc	high
13	τῇ	ὁ	DET	T----DSF-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 τιμῇ	det	high
14	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	16 θεῖον	case	high
15	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 θεῖον	det	high
16	θεῖον	θεῖος	ADJ	A----ASN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 τιμῇ	nmod	high	Substantivized: ‘the divine’.
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	18 ὑπὸ	cc	medium	Coordinates the second explanatory phrase.
18	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R--------	_	19 εὐσεβείας	case	high
19	εὐσεβείας	εὐσέβεια	NOUN	N----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἕστηκε	obl	medium	Genitive after ὑπό, expressing cause/agency.
20	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T----GSF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 εὐσεβείας	det	high
21	Ἠλείων	Ἠλεῖος	PROPN	A----GPF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	19 εὐσεβείας	nmod	high	Feminine plural ethnic noun used substantivally: ‘of the Elean women/people’; gender is lexically variable in ethnic usage.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	25 εἶναι	cc	medium	Coordinates the infinitival clause with the preceding content.
23	ἀθληταῖς	ἀθλητής	NOUN	N----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 παρανομοῦσιν	obl	high	Dative with παρανομοῦσιν: ‘for athletes who transgress’.
24	παρανομοῦσιν	παρανομέω	VERB	V-PPA-DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	23 ἀθληταῖς	acl	high	Participial modifier of ἀθληταῖς.
25	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V-PNA----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	6 φησὶν	ccomp	medium	Infinitive in a second compressed content construction; exact coordination with ἕστηκε is uncertain.
26	δέος	δέος	NOUN	N----NSN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 εἶναι	nsubj	medium	Nominal subject of εἶναι: ‘there is fear’.
27	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 φησὶν	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.21.4 sentence 4

Tokens: 44
Input: 1,011
Output: 2,960
Total: 3,971

πέμπτῳ δὲ καὶ ἕκτῳ, τῷ μέν ἐστιν ἡ τοῦ ἐπιγράμματος γνώμη τά τε ἄλλα ἐς ἔπαινον Ἠλείων καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπὶ τῇ ζημίᾳ τῶν πυκτῶν, ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ὑπολοίπῳ διδασκαλίαν πᾶσιν Ἕλλησιν εἶναι τὰ ἀγάλματα μηδένα ἐπὶ Ὀλυμπικῇ νίκῃ διδόναι χρήματα.

The sentence contrasts two datival portions (πέμπτῳ/ἕκτῳ μέν … ἐπὶ δὲ τῷ ὑπολοίπῳ), with compressed copular syntax and an infinitival content clause: the statues are a lesson to all Greeks not to give money for an Olympic victory.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πέμπτῳ	πέμπτος	ADJ	A--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἕκτῳ	conj	high	Ordinal used substantivally with ἕκτῳ.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	8 ἐστιν	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	4 ἕκτῳ	cc	high
4	ἕκτῳ	ἕκτος	ADJ	A--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐστιν	obl	medium	Dative temporal/elliptical reference, coordinated with πέμπτῳ.
5	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἕκτῳ	punct	high
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	P--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐστιν	obl	medium	Correlative dative, paired with τῷ ὑπολοίπῳ.
7	μέν	μέν	PART	G\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	6 τῷ	discourse	high
8	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V--PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Copular clause with following predicate γνώμη; syntax compressed.
9	ἡ	ὁ	DET	P--NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 γνώμη	det	high
10	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	P--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 ἐπιγράμματος	det	high
11	ἐπιγράμματος	ἐπίγραμμα	NOUN	N--GSn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 γνώμη	nmod	high
12	γνώμη	γνώμη	NOUN	N--NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
13	τά	ὁ	DET	P--NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἄλλα	det	high	Article used substantivally with ἄλλα.
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	C\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	15 ἄλλα	cc	high
15	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A--NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἔπαινον	obl	medium	Substantival phrase τά τε ἄλλα.
16	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	17 ἔπαινον	case	high
17	ἔπαινον	ἔπαινος	NOUN	N--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 γνώμη	obl	high	Accusative of purpose/direction with ἐς.
18	Ἠλείων	Ἠλεῖος	PROPN	N--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	17 ἔπαινον	nmod	high
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	17 ἔπαινον	cc	high
20	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	G\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	21 ἥκιστα	advmod	high
21	ἥκιστα	ἥκιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	17 ἔπαινον	advmod	high	Superlative adverb, ‘not least’.
22	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	24 ζημίᾳ	case	high
23	τῇ	ὁ	DET	P--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 ζημίᾳ	det	high
24	ζημίᾳ	ζημία	NOUN	N--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἔπαινον	obl	high
25	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 πυκτῶν	det	high
26	πυκτῶν	πύκτης	NOUN	N--GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ζημίᾳ	nmod	high
27	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἔπαινον	punct	high
28	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	31 ὑπολοίπῳ	case	high
29	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	31 ὑπολοίπῳ	cc	high
30	τῷ	ὁ	DET	P--DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 ὑπολοίπῳ	det	high
31	ὑπολοίπῳ	ὑπόλοιπος	ADJ	A--DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	32 διδασκαλίαν	obl	medium	Substantival ‘the remainder’; coordinated contrastively with τῷ.
32	διδασκαλίαν	διδασκαλία	NOUN	N--ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 εἶναι	xcomp	medium	Predicate accusative in infinitival clause.
33	πᾶσιν	πᾶς	ADJ	A--DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 Ἕλλησιν	amod	high	Substantival adjective.
34	Ἕλλησιν	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N--DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 διδασκαλίαν	obl	high	Dative of reference.
35	εἶναι	εἰμί	AUX	V--PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	8 ἐστιν	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of ἐστιν.
36	τὰ	ὁ	DET	P--NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	37 ἀγάλματα	det	high
37	ἀγάλματα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N--NPN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	35 εἶναι	nsubj	high	Subject of εἶναι.
38	μηδένα	μηδείς	PRON	P--ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	42 διδόναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of διδόναι.
39	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R\|\|\|\|\|\|\|	_	41 νίκῃ	case	high
40	Ὀλυμπικῇ	Ὀλυμπικός	ADJ	A--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	41 νίκῃ	amod	high
41	νίκῃ	νίκη	NOUN	N--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 διδόναι	obl	high	Circumstance/occasion with ἐπί.
42	διδόναι	δίδωμι	VERB	V--PAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	35 εἶναι	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on διδασκαλίαν εἶναι.
43	χρήματα	χρῆμα	NOUN	N--APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	42 διδόναι	obj	high
44	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐστιν	punct	high

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