Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.22.2

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Passage 5.22.2

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3sentences parsed

75Greek tokens

2,448input tokens

5,388output tokens

Sentence 2

5.22.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 6
Input: 611
Output: 496
Total: 1,107

ταῦτα ἐπὶ μέσῳ τῷ βάθρῳ·

Elliptical nominal clause: ταῦτα functions as the main predicative element, with ἐπὶ μέσῳ τῷ βάθρῳ as a locative phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-p---na-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	0 ROOT	root	high	Likely elliptical verbless clause; demonstrative used substantively.
2	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	5 βάθρῳ	case	high	Takes dative with locative sense.
3	μέσῳ	μέσος	ADJ	A-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 βάθρῳ	amod	high	Adjectival modifier within prepositional phrase.
4	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Tf-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 βάθρῳ	det	high	Article agreeing with βάθρῳ.
5	βάθρῳ	βάθρον	NOUN	N-s---nd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ταῦτα	obl	high	Dative complement of ἐπὶ; head attached to demonstrative in elliptical clause.
6	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ταῦτα	punct	high	Sentence punctuation.

Sentence 3

5.22.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 20
Input: 757
Output: 1,557
Total: 2,314

οἱ δὲ ἤδη σχῆμα ἀντιτεταγμένων ὅ τε Ἀχιλλεὺς παρέχεται καὶ ὁ Μέμνων ἐπὶ ἑκατέρῳ τοῦ βάθρου τῷ πέρατι ἑκάτερος.

Syntactically difficult because of the relative pronoun ὅ and the appositional ἑκάτερος; the core predicate is clear, but the exact force of σχῆμα ἀντιτεταγμένων is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἱ	ὁ	DET	S--MP-N--	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural\|PronType=Art	9 παρέχεται	nsubj	high	Article used substantively with following implied subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G--------	_	9 παρέχεται	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	D--------	_	9 παρέχεται	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
4	σχῆμα	σχῆμα	NOUN	N-S---NA-	Case=Accusative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	9 παρέχεται	obj	medium	Likely internal accusative with παρέχεται ('offers/presents a form').
5	ἀντιτεταγμένων	ἀντιτάσσω	VERB	V-PMP-XXX	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Genitive\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Plural\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Middle	4 σχῆμα	amod	low	Genitive plural participle modifying σχῆμα; exact morphology uncertain.
6	ὅ	ὅς	PRON	P-S---NN-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Rel	9 παρέχεται	nsubj	medium	Probably relative pronoun introduced in correlative/elliptical construction.
7	τε	τε	PART	G--------	_	6 ὅ	discourse	medium	Enclitic correlative particle.
8	Ἀχιλλεὺς	Ἀχιλλεύς	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	9 παρέχεται	nsubj	high	Subject of παρέχεται.
9	παρέχεται	παρέχω	VERB	V-PPM-3S-	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
10	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	G--------	_	9 παρέχεται	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
11	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S--MS-N--	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	12 Μέμνων	det	high	Article with Μέμνων.
12	Μέμνων	Μέμνων	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	9 παρέχεται	conj	high	Coordinated subject of παρέχεται.
13	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	18 πέρατι	case	high	Governed by πέρατι.
14	ἑκατέρῳ	ἕτερος	ADJ	A-S---ND-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	18 πέρατι	amod	high	Modifies πέρατι.
15	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	S--NS-G--	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	16 βάθρου	det	high	Article with βάθρου.
16	βάθρου	βάθρον	NOUN	N-S---NG-	Case=Genitive\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	18 πέρατι	nmod	high	Genitive complement of πέρατι.
17	τῷ	ὁ	DET	S--NS-D--	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular\|PronType=Art	18 πέρατι	det	high	Article with πέρατι.
18	πέρατι	πέρας	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dative\|Gender=Neuter\|Number=Singular	9 παρέχεται	obl	high	Prepositional phrase complement.
19	ἑκάτερος	ἑκάτερος	ADJ	A-S---MN-	Case=Nominative\|Gender=Masculine\|Number=Singular	9 παρέχεται	nsubj	medium	Likely appositional/supplementary subject-like element referring to each man separately.
20	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 παρέχεται	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 4

5.22.2 sentence 4

Tokens: 49
Input: 1,080
Output: 3,335
Total: 4,415

ἀνθεστήκασι δὲ καὶ ἄλλος ἄλλῳ κατὰ τὰ αὐτά, ἀνὴρ βάρβαρος ἀνδρὶ Ἕλληνι, Ὀδυσσεὺς μὲν Ἑλένῳ, ὅτι οὗτοι μάλιστα ἐπὶ σοφίᾳ δόξαν ἐν ἑκατέρῳ τῷ στρατεύματι εἰλήφεσαν, Μενελάῳ δὲ κατὰ τὸ ἔχθος τὸ ἐξ ἀρχῆς Ἀλέξανδρος, Διομήδει δὲ Αἰνείας καὶ τῷ Τελαμῶνος Αἴαντι Δηίφοβος.

The sentence is a list of parallel examples governed loosely by ἀνθεστήκασι; later proper-name appositions are syntactically somewhat elliptical, so a few attachment choices are necessarily approximate.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀνθεστήκασι	ἀνθίστημι	VERB	V-RAI-3P	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite main verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	4 ἄλλος	cc	high	Coordinates ἄλλος.
4	ἄλλος	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	nsubj	medium	Likely subject in distributive phrase.
5	ἄλλῳ	ἄλλος	ADJ	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	obl	medium	Dative paired with ἄλλος, parallel to later datives.
6	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	_	_	8 αὐτά	case	high	Marks prepositional phrase.
7	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 αὐτά	det	high	Article with αὐτά.
8	αὐτά	αὐτός	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	obl	medium	Adverbial accusative with κατὰ.
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	punct	high	Punctuation.
10	ἀνὴρ	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	appos	high	Apposition to distributive ἄλλος.
11	βάρβαρος	βάρβαρος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἀνὴρ	amod	high	Attributive adjective.
12	ἀνδρὶ	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	obl	high	Parallel dative.
13	Ἕλληνι	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἀνδρὶ	appos	medium	Appositional/attributive relation to ἀνδρί.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	punct	high	Punctuation.
15	Ὀδυσσεὺς	Ὀδυσσεύς	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	appos	high	Named example in apposition.
16	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	15 Ὀδυσσεὺς	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
17	Ἑλένῳ	Ἕλενος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 Ὀδυσσεὺς	obl	high	Dative complement of αντιστέκω-like relation.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 Ὀδυσσεὺς	punct	high	Punctuation.
19	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	_	_	29 εἰλήφεσαν	mark	high	Introduces causal clause.
20	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-3NP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Dem	29 εἰλήφεσαν	nsubj	high	Subject of εἰλήφεσαν.
21	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	_	_	24 δόξαν	advmod	high	Modifies δόξαν.
22	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	_	_	23 σοφίᾳ	case	high	Preposition with dative.
23	σοφίᾳ	σοφία	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 δόξαν	obl	high	Prepositional complement.
24	δόξαν	δόξα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 εἰλήφεσαν	obj	high	Object of εἰλήφεσαν.
25	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	28 στρατεύματι	case	high	Preposition.
26	ἑκατέρῳ	ἑκάτερος	ADJ	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 στρατεύματι	det	high	Determines στρατεύματι.
27	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 στρατεύματι	det	high	Article with στρατεύματι.
28	στρατεύματι	στράτευμα	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	29 εἰλήφεσαν	obl	high	Prepositional modifier of εἰλήφεσαν.
29	εἰλήφεσαν	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-RAI-3P	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	ccomp	high	Finite causal clause verb.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	punct	high	Punctuation.
31	Μενελάῳ	Μενέλαος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	obl	high	Parallel dative of comparison.
32	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	31 Μενελάῳ	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
33	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	_	_	35 ἔχθος	case	high	Preposition.
34	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 ἔχθος	det	high	Article with ἔχθος.
35	ἔχθος	ἔχθος	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	39 Ἀλέξανδρος	obl	high	Prepositional phrase with κατὰ.
36	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	38 ἀρχῆς	det	high	Article with ἀρχῆς.
37	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	_	_	38 ἀρχῆς	case	high	Preposition before ἀρχῆς.
38	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	35 ἔχθος	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of ἔχθος.
39	Ἀλέξανδρος	Ἀλέξανδρος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	appos	high	Apposition to Μενελάῳ.
40	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	punct	high	Punctuation.
41	Διομήδει	Διομήδης	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	obl	high	Parallel dative.
42	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	41 Διομήδει	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
43	Αἰνείας	Αἰνείας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Διομήδει	appos	medium	Apposition to Διομήδει; syntactic integration somewhat loose.
44	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	43 Αἰνείας	cc	high	Coordinates with Αἰνείας or another appositive.
45	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	47 Αἴαντι	det	high	Article with Αἴαντι.
46	Τελαμῶνος	Τελαμών	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	47 Αἴαντι	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of Αἴαντι.
47	Αἴαντι	Αἴας	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Διομήδει	obl	high	Parallel dative phrase.
48	Δηίφοβος	Δηίφοβος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	41 Διομήδει	appos	medium	Apposition to Διομήδει / parallel named counterpart.
49	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἀνθεστήκασι	punct	high	Punctuation.

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