Grammar parses for passage 5.23.6
Open translation for this passage
πρὸς δὲ τῷ ἅρματι τῷ Γέλωνος Ζεὺς ἕστηκεν ἀρχαῖος ἔχων σκῆπτρον, Ὑβλαίων δέ φασιν εἶναι ἀνάθημα·
Ζεὺς is the matrix subject of ἕστηκεν; the second clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction (φασιν ἀνάθημα εἶναι), with Ὑβλαίων as a genitive of origin/association. The exact force of ἕστηκεν is perfect with stative meaning; Ὑβλαίων is morphologically ambiguous in form but here genitive plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἅρματι | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 ἕστηκεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἅρματι | det | high | |
| 4 | ἅρματι | ἅρμα | NOUN | N--DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἕστηκεν | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Γέλωνος | det | high | |
| 6 | Γέλωνος | Γέλων | PROPN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἅρματι | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying ἅρματι. |
| 7 | Ζεὺς | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἕστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἕστηκεν | ἵστημι | VERB | V--XAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with stative/resultative sense, 'stands'. |
| 9 | ἀρχαῖος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἕστηκεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with Ζεύς/ἕστηκεν. |
| 10 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V--PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἕστηκεν | advcl | high | Supplementary participle agreeing with Ζεύς. |
| 11 | σκῆπτρον | σκῆπτρον | NOUN | N--ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἔχων | obj | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἕστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | Ὑβλαίων | Ὑβλαῖος | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἀνάθημα | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, genitive plural, indicating origin/association; could also be analyzed as a demonym. |
| 14 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 φασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V--PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἕστηκεν | parataxis | high | Introduces reported attribution. |
| 16 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 φασιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 17 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Neuter nominative form, functioning as the infinitive's subject/predicative nominal; syncretic with accusative. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἕστηκεν | punct | high |
αἱ δὲ ἦσαν ἐν Σικελίᾳ πόλεις αἱ Ὕβλαι, ἡ μὲν Γερεᾶτις ἐπίκλησιν, τὴν δὲ---ὥσπερ γε καὶ ἦν ---ἐκάλουν Μείζονα.
The copular clause identifies the cities as the Hyblae; Γερεᾶτις is an accusative of respect with ἐπίκλησιν, while the second city is the object of ἐκάλουν, with ὥσπερ καὶ ἦν parenthetical. The dashes are retained as punctuation; their exact editorial force is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 πόλεις | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula with πόλεις as subject and αἱ Ὕβλαι as predicate. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 5 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἦσαν | obl | high | Locative complement of ἦσαν. |
| 6 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 Ὕβλαι | det | high | |
| 8 | Ὕβλαι | Ὕβλαι | PROPN | N----NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/name complement of the copula; parser analyses may attach it as a nominal predicate. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-S----F- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Γερεᾶτις | det | high | |
| 11 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 12 Γερεᾶτις | discourse | high | Correlative μέν marking the first member of the contrast. |
| 12 | Γερεᾶτις | Γερεᾶτις | PROPN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκάλουν | nsubj | medium | First city-name subject of the understood naming construction. |
| 13 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Γερεᾶτις | obl | medium | Accusative of respect: ‘by name/called Γερεᾶτις’; syntactically dependent on the naming predicate. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 Γερεᾶτις | punct | high | |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-S----F- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 Μείζονα | det | high | Article substantivizing the second city reference. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἐκάλουν | cc | high | Second member of the μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐκάλουν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐκάλουν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἐκάλουν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 20 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 23 ἦν | mark | high | Introduces the parenthetical comparative clause. |
| 21 | γε | γε | PART | D-------- | _ | 23 ἦν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 23 ἦν | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also/even’. |
| 23 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 27 ἐκάλουν | advcl | medium | Parenthetical clause; the understood subject is the second city. |
| 24 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 25 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 26 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἦν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 27 | ἐκάλουν | καλέω | VERB | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 3 ἦσαν | conj | high | Coordinate naming predicate with understood subject ‘they’. |
| 28 | Μείζονα | μείζων | ADJ | A----ASF- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἐκάλουν | obj | high | Accusative predicate/name complement of ἐκάλουν. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἦσαν | punct | high |
ἔχουσι δὲ καὶ κατʼ ἐμὲ ἔτι τὰ ὀνόματα, ἐν τῇ Καταναίᾳ δὲ ἡ μὲν ἔρημος ἐς ἅπαν, ἡ δὲ κώμη τε Καταναίων ἡ Γερεᾶτις καὶ ἱερόν σφισιν Ὑβλαίας ἐστὶ θεοῦ, παρὰ Σικελιωτῶν ἔχον τιμάς.
The passage has an initial ἔχουσι clause and a following copular clause; ἔρημος, κώμη, and ἱερόν function as coordinated/paired nominative subjects of ἐστὶ, while ἔχον modifies ἱερόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔχουσι | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔχουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔχουσι | cc | high | |
| 4 | κατʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ἐμὲ | case | high | Elided preposition. |
| 5 | ἐμὲ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1ASM | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 1 ἔχουσι | obl | high | |
| 6 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἔχουσι | advmod | high | |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ὀνόματα | det | high | |
| 8 | ὀνόματα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἔχουσι | obj | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔχουσι | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Καταναίᾳ | case | high | |
| 11 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Καταναίᾳ | det | high | |
| 12 | Καταναίᾳ | Κατάνεια | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἔρημος | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἔρημος | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἔρημος | det | high | |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 16 ἔρημος | discourse | high | |
| 16 | ἔρημος | ἔρημος | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ἅπαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 18 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἔρημος | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter: completely/deserted altogether. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἔρημος | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κώμη | det | high | |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 κώμη | cc | high | |
| 22 | κώμη | κώμη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Second μέν/δέ-correlative subject. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 κώμη | cc | high | |
| 24 | Καταναίων | Καταναῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 κώμη | nmod | high | Genitive of association/possession. |
| 25 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 Γερεᾶτις | det | high | |
| 26 | Γερεᾶτις | Γερεᾶτις | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κώμη | appos | high | Proper name in apposition to κώμη. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἱερόν | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἱερόν | ἱερόν | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐστὶ | nsubj | high | Coordinated with κώμη as subject. |
| 29 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3PD | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 28 ἱερόν | obl | medium | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 30 | Ὑβλαίας | Ὕβλαιος | PROPN | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 θεοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θεοῦ. |
| 31 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Copular clause coordinated/juxtaposed with preceding ἔχουσι; nominative subjects are ἔρημος, κώμη, ἱερόν. |
| 32 | θεοῦ | θεός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἱερόν | nmod | high | Possessive/descriptive genitive: sanctuary of the goddess. |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 34 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 35 Σικελιωτῶν | case | high | |
| 35 | Σικελιωτῶν | Σικελιώτης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἔχον | obl | high | Source with παρά and genitive. |
| 36 | ἔχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 ἱερόν | acl | medium | Participial adjunct modifying ἱερόν; agreement is neuter accusative in the transmitted wording despite nominal coordination. |
| 37 | τιμάς | τιμή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 36 ἔχον | obj | high | |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 31 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
παρὰ τούτων δὲ κομισθῆναι τὸ ἄγαλμα ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἡγοῦμαι·
ἡγοῦμαι takes a complementary infinitive; the passive infinitive has a nominative subject (τὸ ἄγαλμα) and a παρά phrase expressing source/agent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τούτων | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 4 κομισθῆναι | obl | high | Agent/source complement with παρά and passive infinitive. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἡγοῦμαι | cc | high | |
| 4 | κομισθῆναι | κομίζω | VERB | V-AINF-PAS | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 9 ἡγοῦμαι | ccomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive governed by ἡγοῦμαι. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ἄγαλμα | det | high | |
| 6 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 κομισθῆναι | nsubj:pass | high | Nominative subject of the passive infinitive. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 8 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 4 κομισθῆναι | obl | high | Goal complement of κομισθῆναι. |
| 9 | ἡγοῦμαι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-1싱-PRE-MID-IND | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἡγοῦμαι | punct | high |
τεράτων γὰρ σφᾶς καὶ ἐνυπνίων Φίλιστος ὁ Ἀρχομενίδου φησὶν ἐξηγητὰς εἶναι καὶ μάλιστα εὐσεβείᾳ τῶν ἐν Σικελίᾳ βαρβάρων προσκεῖσθαι.
Φίλιστος is the matrix subject; φησίν governs coordinated infinitival clauses, with σφᾶς as the accusative subject of εἶναι and an understood subject in προσκεῖσθαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τεράτων | τέρας | NOUN | N-GEN-P成 | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐξηγητὰς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐξηγητάς: interpreters of prodigies. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 9 φησὶν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-GEN-ACC | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐνυπνίων | cc | high | Coordinates ἐνυπνίων with τεράτων. |
| 5 | ἐνυπνίων | ἐνύπνιον | NOUN | N-GEN-PNE | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐξηγητὰς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἐξηγητάς. |
| 6 | Φίλιστος | Φίλιστος | PROPN | N-NOM-MS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 φησὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of φησίν. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM-MS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀρχομενίδου | det | high | Article with the patronymic name. |
| 8 | Ἀρχομενίδου | Ἀρχομενίδης | PROPN | N-GEN-MS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Φίλιστος | appos | high | Patronymic apposition to Φίλιστος, literally 'son of Archomenides'. |
| 9 | φησὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix verb introducing accusative-and-infinitive complements. |
| 10 | ἐξηγητὰς | ἐξηγητής | NOUN | N-ACC-PM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with εἶναι. |
| 11 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 φησὶν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of φησίν. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 προσκεῖσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival complement with εἶναι. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 19 προσκεῖσθαι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying προσκεῖσθαι. |
| 14 | εὐσεβείᾳ | εὐσέβεια | NOUN | N-DAT-FS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 προσκεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Dative of respect or sphere: devoted especially to piety. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-PM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 βαρβάρων | det | high | Article with βαρβάρων. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Σικελίᾳ. |
| 17 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | N-DAT-FS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 βαρβάρων | nmod | high | Object of ἐν, modifying βαρβάρων. |
| 18 | βαρβάρων | βάρβαρος | NOUN | N-GEN-PM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 προσκεῖσθαι | obl | high | Genitive associated with προσκεῖσθαι: the barbarians in Sicily. |
| 19 | προσκεῖσθαι | πρόσκειμαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 φησὶν | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitival complement of φησίν; means to be devoted or attached. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φησὶν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |