Grammar parses for passage 5.24.10
Open translation for this passage
ὀμνύουσι δὲ καὶ ὅσοι τοὺς παῖδας ἢ τῶν ἵππων τῶν ἀγωνιζομένων τοὺς πώλους κρίνουσιν, ἐπὶ δικαίῳ καὶ ἄνευ δώρων ποιεῖσθαι κρίσιν, καὶ τὰ ἐς τὸν δοκιμαζόμενόν τε καὶ μή, φυλάξειν καὶ ταῦτα ἐν ἀπορρήτῳ.
The relative clause headed by ὅσοι identifies the judges; κρίνουσιν governs coordinated accusatives παῖδας and πώλους. The two infinitives ποιεῖσθαι and φυλάξειν are coordinated objects of the oath verb ὀμνύουσι, with φυλάξειν taking τὰ ... as object; ἐπὶ δικαίῳ is idiomatic circumstantial qualification, likely ‘on a just basis’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὀμνύουσι | ὄμνυμι | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ὀμνύουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ὅσοι | cc | high | Connects the relative subject phrase with the preceding context. |
| 4 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κρίνουσιν | nsubj | high | Free/relative quantificational subject of κρίνουσιν. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 6 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κρίνουσιν | obj | high | First coordinated object of κρίνουσιν. |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 πώλους | cc | high | Coordinates the two classes of competitors judged. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 9 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πώλους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πώλους: foals of the horses. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀγωνιζομένων | det | high | |
| 11 | ἀγωνιζομένων | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PMP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 ἵππων | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ἵππων. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πώλους | det | high | |
| 13 | πώλους | πῶλος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 κρίνουσιν | obj | high | Second coordinated object of κρίνουσιν. |
| 14 | κρίνουσιν | κρίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | Finite predicate of the clause introduced by ὅσοι. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 κρίνουσιν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 17 δικαίῳ | case | high | |
| 17 | δικαίῳ | δίκαιος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ποιεῖσθαι | obl | medium | Substantivized dative; idiomatic phrase ἐπὶ δικαίῳ, ‘on a just basis’. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 δώρων | cc | high | |
| 19 | ἄνευ | ἄνευ | ADP | P | _ | 20 δώρων | case | high | |
| 20 | δώρων | δῶρον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ποιεῖσθαι | obl | high | Prepositional complement of ἄνευ. |
| 21 | ποιεῖσθαι | ποιέω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 ὀμνύουσι | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ὀμνύουσι. |
| 22 | κρίσιν | κρίσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ποιεῖσθαι | obj | high | |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ποιεῖσθαι | punct | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 φυλάξειν | cc | high | Coordinates the second oath infinitive with ποιεῖσθαι. |
| 25 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἐς | det | high | |
| 26 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 28 δοκιμαζόμενόν | case | high | |
| 27 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 δοκιμαζόμενόν | det | high | |
| 28 | δοκιμαζόμενόν | δοκιμάζω | VERB | V-PMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 ἐς | obl | medium | Substantivized participle, ‘the one being tested’; ἐς τὸν ... καὶ μή is coordinated scope. |
| 29 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 δοκιμαζόμενόν | cc | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 μή | cc | high | Pairs with τε across the coordinated participial phrase. |
| 31 | μή | μή | PART | PART | _ | 28 δοκιμαζόμενόν | conj | medium | Elliptical negative counterpart of δοκιμαζόμενον; the participle is understood. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 φυλάξειν | punct | high | |
| 33 | φυλάξειν | φυλάσσω | VERB | V-FAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 1 ὀμνύουσι | conj | high | Second infinitive coordinated with ποιεῖσθαι and dependent on ὀμνύουσι. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 ταῦτα | cc | high | |
| 35 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 φυλάξειν | obj | high | Object of φυλάξειν. |
| 36 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 37 ἀπορρήτῳ | case | high | |
| 37 | ἀπορρήτῳ | ἀπόρρητος | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 33 φυλάξειν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘in secrecy’. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ὀμνύουσι | punct | high |
τῷ κάπρῳ δὲ ὅ τι χρῆσθαί σφισι μετὰ τῶν ἀθλητῶν τὸν ὅρκον καθέστηκεν, οὐκ ἐμνημόνευσα ἐπερέσθαι, ἐπεὶ τοῖς γε ἀρχαιοτέροις ἐπὶ ἱερεῖα ἦν καθεστηκός, ἐφʼ ᾧ τις ὅρκον ἐποιήσατο, μηδὲ ἐδώδιμον εἶναι τοῦτο ἔτι ἀνθρώπῳ.
The main predicate is ἐμνημόνευσα ἐπερέσθαι; the embedded question concerns what use was established for the boar’s oath in relation to the athletes, followed by an ἐπεί explanation of the older practice.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 κάπρῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | κάπρῳ | κάπρος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 καθέστηκεν | obl | medium | Dative of reference/with respect to the boar. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | cc | high | |
| 4 | ὅ | ὅς | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 χρῆσθαί | obj | medium | Neuter relative/interrogative-like element in the infinitival question. |
| 5 | τι | τις | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ὅ | fixed | medium | Together with ὅ: ὅ τι, ‘whatever/what’. |
| 6 | χρῆσθαί | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 17 ἐπερέσθαι | ccomp | medium | Infinitive governed by ἐπερέσθαι; χρῆσθαι takes dative σφισι. |
| 7 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 6 χρῆσθαί | iobj | high | |
| 8 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R------- | _ | 10 ἀθλητῶν | case | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | D-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἀθλητῶν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀθλητῶν | ἀθλητής | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 χρῆσθαί | obl | high | |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ὅρκον | det | high | |
| 12 | ὅρκον | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 χρῆσθαί | obj | high | |
| 13 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | parataxis | medium | Perfect in the relative-like clause: ‘has been established/ordained’. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | punct | high | |
| 15 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | P- | Polarity=Neg | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | advmod | high | |
| 16 | ἐμνημόνευσα | μνημονεύω | VERB | V-AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | ἐπερέσθαι | ἐπερωτάω | VERB | V-AMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on μνημονεύω. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | C------- | _ | 25 ἦν | mark | high | |
| 20 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | D-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἀρχαιοτέροις | det | medium | Substantival dative, ‘for the older authorities/things’. |
| 21 | γε | γε | PART | X------- | _ | 22 ἀρχαιοτέροις | discourse | high | |
| 22 | ἀρχαιοτέροις | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-DPN-C | Case=Dat|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἦν | obl | medium | Substantivized comparative, ‘the earlier/older [customs or authorities]’. |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R------- | _ | 24 ἱερεῖα | case | high | |
| 24 | ἱερεῖα | ἱερεῖον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | advcl | high | Copular verb of the ἐπεί clause. |
| 26 | καθεστηκός | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative perfect participle; agreement may reflect an understood singular neuter subject/custom. |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 28 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R------- | _ | 29 ᾧ | case | high | |
| 29 | ᾧ | ὅς | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐποιήσατο | obl | medium | Relative dative, likely referring to the oath. |
| 30 | τις | τις | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 32 ἐποιήσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 31 | ὅρκον | ὅρκος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐποιήσατο | obj | high | |
| 32 | ἐποιήσατο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 25 ἦν | acl:relcl | high | |
| 33 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 34 | μηδὲ | μηδέ | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 36 εἶναι | cc | high | |
| 35 | ἐδώδιμον | ἐδώδιμος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἶναι. |
| 36 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἦν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive/predicate in the ἐπεί clause. |
| 37 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | P-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 36 εἶναι | nsubj | high | |
| 38 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D------- | _ | 36 εἶναι | advmod | high | |
| 39 | ἀνθρώπῳ | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 εἶναι | obl | high | Dative of agent/experiencer with ἐδώδιμον εἶναι. |
| 40 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐμνημόνευσα | punct | high |
δηλοῖ δὲ οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ Ὅμηρος·
Finite δηλοῖ is the root; Ὅμηρος is its nominative subject, with οὐχ ἥκιστα καὶ forming an emphatic adverbial modification ('not least also').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δηλοῖ | δηλόω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δηλοῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 4 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Final -χ is phonological before a vowel-initial following word. |
| 4 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 1 δηλοῖ | advmod | high | Superlative adverb, 'least'; οὐχ ἥκιστα is an idiomatic emphatic phrase. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 δηλοῖ | advmod | high | Adverbial 'also/even' rather than coordination of two overt conjuncts. |
| 6 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 δηλοῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δηλοῖ | punct | high |