Grammar parses for passage 5.25.3
Open translation for this passage
οἵ τε γὰρ ἄνεμοι ταράσσουσιν αὐτὴν ἀμφοτέρωθεν τὸ κῦμα ἐπάγοντες ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδρίου καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρου πελάγους ὃ καλεῖται Τυρσηνόν.
Main clause with a participial phrase and a relative clause; ὃ καλεῖται Τυρσηνόν modifies πελάγους, though the name analysis of Τυρσηνόν is slightly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἵ | ὁ | PRON | P-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 4 ἄνεμοι | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun agreeing with ἄνεμοι. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 οἵ | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ταράσσουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | ἄνεμοι | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-P---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ταράσσουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ταράσσουσιν. |
| 5 | ταράσσουσιν | ταράσσω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 6 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-s---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 5 ταράσσουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ταράσσουσιν. |
| 7 | ἀμφοτέρωθεν | ἀμφοτέρωθεν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ταράσσουσιν | advmod | high | Adverbial modifier of the verbal action. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κῦμα | det | high | Article modifying κῦμα. |
| 9 | κῦμα | κῦμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπάγοντες | obj | high | Object of ἐπάγοντες. |
| 10 | ἐπάγοντες | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ταράσσουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with ἄνεμοι. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Ἀδρίου | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀδρίου. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀδρίου | det | high | Article modifying Ἀδρίου. |
| 13 | Ἀδρίου | Ἀδρίας | PROPN | N-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπάγοντες | obl | medium | Likely genitive object of ἐκ, referring to the Adriatic. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 ἐξ | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 πελάγους | case | high | Preposition governing πελάγους. |
| 16 | ἑτέρου | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 πελάγους | amod | high | Modifies πελάγους. |
| 17 | πελάγους | πέλαγος | NOUN | N-S---GN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπάγοντες | obl | high | Second prepositional object of ἐπάγοντες. |
| 18 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-S---NN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 19 καλεῖται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun; antecedent likely πελάγους. |
| 19 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 17 πελάγους | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying πελάγους. |
| 20 | Τυρσηνόν | Τυρσηνός | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Predicate complement/name of what is called; morphology somewhat uncertain as a named adjective. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ταράσσουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἤν τε καὶ ἀνέμων ἀπῇ πνεύματα, ὁ δὲ καὶ τηνικαῦτα ὁ πορθμὸς κίνησιν βιαιοτάτην αὐτὸς ἐξ αὑτοῦ καὶ ἰσχυρὰς παρέχεται παλιρροίας.
The first clause is conditional and elliptiс/marked by particles; the main clause centers on πορθμός as subject of παρέχεται, with κίνησιν and παλιρροίας as coordinated objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἤν | ἐάν | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἀπῇ | mark | high | Introduces conditional clause. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | PTCL | _ | 1 ἤν | advmod | medium | Enclitic additive particle; attached to conditional marker. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἤν | cc | medium | Coordinating/additive particle within the clause. |
| 4 | ἀνέμων | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πνεύματα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of πνεύματα. |
| 5 | ἀπῇ | ἄπειμι | VERB | V--3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 21 παρέχεται | advcl | medium | Likely verb of the conditional protasis; form is interpreted as 3sg imperfect active. |
| 6 | πνεύματα | πνεῦμα | NOUN | N-APN--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπῇ | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπῇ. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀπῇ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πορθμὸς | det | high | Article modifying πορθμός. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PTCL | _ | 13 πορθμὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τηνικαῦτα | cc | high | Connective with τηνικαῦτα. |
| 11 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 παρέχεται | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πορθμὸς | det | high | Article modifying πορθμός. |
| 13 | πορθμὸς | πορθμός | NOUN | N-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 παρέχεται | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέχεται. |
| 14 | κίνησιν | κίνησις | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 παρέχεται | obj | high | Direct object of παρέχεται. |
| 15 | βιαιοτάτην | βίαιος | ADJ | A-ASF-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κίνησιν | amod | high | Superlative adjective modifying κίνησιν. |
| 16 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 πορθμὸς | appos | medium | Intensive pronoun referring to πορθμός; syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 17 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 αὑτοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing reflexive pronoun. |
| 18 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 21 παρέχεται | obl | high | Reflexive genitive object of preposition. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 παρέχεται | cc | high | Connective coordinating objects. |
| 20 | ἰσχυρὰς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A-APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 παλιρροίας | amod | high | Adjective modifying παλιρροίας. |
| 21 | παρέχεται | παρέχω | VERB | V--3SPI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 22 | παλιρροίας | παλιρροία | NOUN | N-APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 παρέχεται | obj | high | Second coordinated object of παρέχεται. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 παρέχεται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
εἰ δὲ ἐνταῦθα συνέπεσε καὶ Ὀδυσσεῖ διαφθαρῆναι τὴν ναῦν, ἄλλως μὲν οὐκ ἄν τις πείθοιτο ἐκνήξασθαι ζῶντα ἐς τὴν Ἰταλίαν αὐτόν.
The sentence contains a conditional protasis followed by an optative apodosis; the infinitival complement ἐκνήξασθαι has a somewhat compressed object structure with ζῶντα and αὐτόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 συνέπεσε | mark | high | Conditional particle introducing protasis. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 συνέπεσε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 4 συνέπεσε | advmod | high | Adverb of place. |
| 4 | συνέπεσε | συμπίπτω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the protasis. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 Ὀδυσσεῖ | cc | high | Connects Odysseus with the infinitival clause. |
| 6 | Ὀδυσσεῖ | Ὀδυσσεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 διαφθαρῆναι | obl | high | Dative with the infinitive. |
| 7 | διαφθαρῆναι | διαφθείρω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 4 συνέπεσε | xcomp | high | Complement of συνέπεσε. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ναῦν | det | high | Article with ναῦν. |
| 9 | ναῦν | ναῦς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 διαφθαρῆναι | obj | high | Object of the infinitive. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 συνέπεσε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ἄλλως | ἄλλως | ADV | _ | _ | 16 πείθοιτο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying πείθοιτο. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 16 πείθοιτο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 16 πείθοιτο | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 14 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | _ | _ | 16 πείθοιτο | advmod | high | Modal particle. |
| 15 | τις | τις | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Com|Number=Sing | 16 πείθοιτο | nsubj | high | Indefinite subject. |
| 16 | πείθοιτο | πείθω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the apodosis; optative with ἄν. |
| 17 | ἐκνήξασθαι | ἐκνήχομαι | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 16 πείθοιτο | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of πείθοιτο. |
| 18 | ζῶντα | ζάω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐκνήξασθαι | obj | medium | Likely acc. participle agreeing with αὐτόν, though syntax is somewhat compressed. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 21 Ἰταλίαν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰταλίαν. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Ἰταλίαν | det | high | Article with Ἰταλίαν. |
| 21 | Ἰταλίαν | Ἰταλία | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐκνήξασθαι | obl | high | Goal phrase of ἐκνήξασθαι. |
| 22 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐκνήξασθαι | obj | medium | Likely object/complement of ἐκνήξασθαι; clause is somewhat elliptic. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 πείθοιτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸ δὲ ἐκ τῶν θεῶν εὐμενὲς ἐπὶ παντὶ ἐργάζεται ῥᾳστώνην.
The clause is straightforward, but the nominal subject is somewhat compressed: τὸ ... εὐμενὲς functions substantively, with ἐκ τῶν θεῶν modifying the adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Df-snn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἐργάζεται | nsubj | medium | Likely article used substantively with neuter singular subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐργάζεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 5 θεῶν | case | high | Introduces genitive complement. |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Df-pgn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 5 θεῶν | det | high | Article modifying θεῶν. |
| 5 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 εὐμενὲς | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 6 | εὐμενὲς | εὐμενής | ADJ | A-snn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐργάζεται | nsubj | medium | Predicative/substantive use; could be construed with τὸ as the nominal subject. |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 8 παντὶ | case | high | Preposition governing παντί. |
| 8 | παντὶ | πᾶς | ADJ | A-sdn- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐργάζεται | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐπί. |
| 9 | ἐργάζεται | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-3spim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 10 | ῥᾳστώνην | ῥᾳστώνη | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐργάζεται | obj | high | Direct object of ἐργάζεται. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἐργάζεται | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |