Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.25.3

← 5.25.2 5.25.4 →

Passage 5.25.3

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5sentences parsed

114Greek tokens

3,948input tokens

8,364output tokens

Sentence 1

5.25.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 21
Input: 774
Output: 1,661
Total: 2,435

οἵ τε γὰρ ἄνεμοι ταράσσουσιν αὐτὴν ἀμφοτέρωθεν τὸ κῦμα ἐπάγοντες ἐκ τοῦ Ἀδρίου καὶ ἐξ ἑτέρου πελάγους ὃ καλεῖται Τυρσηνόν.

The main structure is ἄνεμοι ταράσσουσιν αὐτήν, with ἐπάγοντες as a circumstantial participle. The transmitted cases around τὸ κῦμα and Τυρσηνόν are syntactically irregular or reflect variant textual analysis, so those attachments are marked with some uncertainty.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οἵ	ὅς	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἄνεμοι	nsubj	high	Correlative relative pronoun introducing the coordinated subject phrase οἵ τε ... ἄνεμοι.
2	τε	τε	PART	PTCL	_	1 οἵ	cc	high	Postpositive coordinating particle.
3	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PTCL	_	5 ταράσσουσιν	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
4	ἄνεμοι	ἄνεμος	NOUN	NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ταράσσουσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ταράσσουσιν, with οἵ τε.
5	ταράσσουσιν	ταράσσω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite main verb.
6	αὐτὴν	αὐτός	PRON	P-AFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ταράσσουσιν	obj	high	Object of ταράσσουσιν; refers to the sea.
7	ἀμφοτέρωθεν	ἀμφοτέρωθεν	ADV	ADV	_	5 ταράσσουσιν	advmod	high	Adverb meaning ‘from both sides’.
8	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 κῦμα	det	high	Article with κῦμα.
9	κῦμα	κῦμα	NOUN	NNS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπάγοντες	obj	high	Accusative-like object/accusative absolute component with ἐπάγοντες; formally nominative neuter in the transmitted wording.
10	ἐπάγοντες	ἐπάγω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 ταράσσουσιν	advcl	medium	Circumstantial participle agreeing with ἄνεμοι; κῦμα is its object, though the case relation is syntactically difficult.
11	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	13 Ἀδρίου	case	high	Preposition governing τοῦ Ἀδρίου.
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Ἀδρίου	det	high	Article with Ἀδρίου.
13	Ἀδρίου	Ἀδρίας	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπάγοντες	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐκ, source of the wave.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 πελάγους	cc	high	Coordinates the two source phrases.
15	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	17 πελάγους	case	high	Variant form of ἐκ governing ἑτέρου πελάγους.
16	ἑτέρου	ἕτερος	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 πελάγους	amod	high	Adjectival modifier of πελάγους.
17	πελάγους	πέλαγος	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπάγοντες	obl	high	Second genitive source complement of ἐκ, coordinated with Ἀδρίου.
18	ὃ	ὅς	PRON	P-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 καλεῖται	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun referring to πελάγους.
19	καλεῖται	καλέω	VERB	V-PMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	17 πελάγους	acl:relcl	high	Relative-clause predicate; middle/passive form means ‘is called’.
20	Τυρσηνόν	Τυρσηνός	PROPN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 καλεῖται	xcomp	medium	Predicative name after καλεῖται; transmitted form is masculine accusative, despite neuter antecedent.
21	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	5 ταράσσουσιν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

5.25.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 23
Input: 779
Output: 1,763
Total: 2,542

ἤν τε καὶ ἀνέμων ἀπῇ πνεύματα, ὁ δὲ καὶ τηνικαῦτα ὁ πορθμὸς κίνησιν βιαιοτάτην αὐτὸς ἐξ αὑτοῦ καὶ ἰσχυρὰς παρέχεται παλιρροίας.

Conditional ἤν ... ἀπῇ has a present subjunctive with genitive ἀνέμων and subject πνεύματα; the main clause is somewhat textually/semantically compressed, with ὁ πορθμός as subject and παρέχεται governing κίνησιν and παλιρροίας. The first ὁ is likely an anaphoric article/pronoun referring to the strait or channel.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἤν	ἐάν	SCONJ	C---------	PronType=Rel	5 ἀπῇ	mark	high	Conditional conjunction, variant form of ἐάν.
2	τε	τε	PART	G---------	_	3 καὶ	cc	medium	Correlative/enclitic connective; exact scope is somewhat unclear.
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	5 ἀπῇ	cc	high	Coordinates the conditional clause elements.
4	ἀνέμων	ἄνεμος	NOUN	N---GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 πνεύματα	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on πνεύματα, likely ‘winds' blasts/breaths’.
5	ἀπῇ	ἄπειμι	VERB	V3SPSA--	Mood=Sub\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	21 παρέχεται	advcl	high	Present active subjunctive in the ἤν conditional protasis.
6	πνεύματα	πνεῦμα	NOUN	N-----NA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	5 ἀπῇ	nsubj	high	Neuter plural subject of ἀπῇ.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἀπῇ	punct	high
8	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P----NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 παρέχεται	nsubj	low	Substantival/anaphoric article, probably referring to the channel/strait; syntactic role is uncertain.
9	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---------	_	21 παρέχεται	cc	high	Postpositive adversative connective.
10	καὶ	καί	ADV	D---------	AdvType=Add	11 τηνικαῦτα	advmod	high	Additive adverb modifying τηνικαῦτα.
11	τηνικαῦτα	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	D---------	AdvType=Tim	21 παρέχεται	advmod	high	Temporal adverb, ‘at that time/even then’.
12	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P----NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	13 πορθμὸς	det	high
13	πορθμὸς	πορθμός	NOUN	N-----NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 παρέχεται	nsubj	high	Subject of παρέχεται.
14	κίνησιν	κίνησις	NOUN	N-----FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 παρέχεται	obj	high	Accusative object of παρέχεται.
15	βιαιοτάτην	βίαιος	ADJ	A--SFA-S	Case=Acc\|Degree=Sup\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 κίνησιν	amod	high	Superlative modifier of κίνησιν.
16	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P----NM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Int	21 παρέχεται	nsubj	low	Likely intensive pronoun, ‘itself’; may instead be appositional/emphatic with the subject.
17	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R---------	_	18 αὑτοῦ	case	high
18	αὑτοῦ	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	P---GSM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	21 παρέχεται	obl	high	Reflexive genitive governed by ἐξ.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	20 ἰσχυρὰς	cc	high	Coordinates the two adjective phrases.
20	ἰσχυρὰς	ἰσχυρός	ADJ	A--PFA--	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	22 παλιρροίας	amod	high	Modifier of παλιρροίας.
21	παρέχεται	παρέχω	VERB	V3SPI----	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb; middle voice means ‘provides/produces for itself’ or similar.
22	παλιρροίας	παλίρροια	NOUN	N---PFA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	21 παρέχεται	obj	high	Second accusative object coordinated semantically with κίνησιν.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	21 παρέχεται	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.25.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 36
Input: 928
Output: 2,458
Total: 3,386

θηρία τε τοσαῦτα ἐς αὐτὸν τὰ ἀθροιζόμενά ἐστιν, ὡς καὶ τὸν ἀέρα τὸν ὑπὲρ τῆς θαλάσσης ταύτης ἀναπίμπλασθαι τῶν θηρίων τῆς ὀσμῆς, ὡς σωτηρίας γε ἐκ τοῦ πορθμοῦ μηδὲ ἐλπίδος τι ὑπολείπεσθαι ναυαγῷ.

The sentence has a main copular clause with a substantivized passive participle, followed by a result ὡς + infinitive construction and a further result infinitive expressing that no hope remains for the shipwrecked person.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	θηρία	θηρίον	NOUN	Nb-n----nompl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	8 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
2	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	1 θηρία	cc	high
3	τοσαῦτα	τοσοῦτος	ADJ	Ad----nompl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	1 θηρία	amod	high
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	5 αὐτὸν	case	high
5	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	Pp3msa----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	7 ἀθροιζόμενά	obl	high
6	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L----nap----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἀθροιζόμενά	det	high
7	ἀθροιζόμενά	ἀθροίζω	VERB	Vpppn----nompl	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	8 ἐστιν	acl	high	Substantivized present passive participle.
8	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V3spia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐστιν	punct	high
10	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	G--------	_	19 ἀναπίμπλασθαι	mark	medium	Introduces result construction with infinitive.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἀέρα	advmod	high
12	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L----masa----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἀέρα	det	high
13	ἀέρα	ἀήρ	NOUN	Nb-m----accsg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 ἀναπίμπλασθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
14	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L----masa----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 θαλάσσης	det	high
15	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	R--------	_	17 θαλάσσης	case	high
16	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L----sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 θαλάσσης	det	high
17	θαλάσσης	θάλασσα	NOUN	Nb-f----gensg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἀέρα	nmod	high
18	ταύτης	οὗτος	DET	Pd----genfs	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	17 θαλάσσης	det	high	Demonstrative modifying θάλασσα.
19	ἀναπίμπλασθαι	ἀναπίμπλημι	VERB	Vinfpa---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	8 ἐστιν	xcomp	high
20	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L----gpn----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	21 θηρίων	det	high
21	θηρίων	θηρίον	NOUN	Nb-n----genpl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	19 ἀναπίμπλασθαι	obl	high	Genitive with ἀναπίμπλασθαι.
22	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L----sgf----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ὀσμῆς	det	high
23	ὀσμῆς	ὀσμή	NOUN	Nb-f----gensg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 θηρίων	nmod	high	Genitive of source/content: smell of the beasts.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἀναπίμπλασθαι	punct	high
25	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	G--------	_	34 ὑπολείπεσθαι	mark	medium	Consecutive/result clause.
26	σωτηρίας	σωτηρία	NOUN	Nb-f----gensg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ὑπολείπεσθαι	obl	high	Partitive/objective genitive with ὑπολείπεσθαι.
27	γε	γε	PART	X--------	_	26 σωτηρίας	discourse	high
28	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	30 πορθμοῦ	case	high
29	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L----gsm----	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	30 πορθμοῦ	det	high
30	πορθμοῦ	πορθμός	NOUN	Nb-m----gensg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 σωτηρίας	nmod	high	Source/separation complement of σωτηρία.
31	μηδὲ	μηδέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	32 ἐλπίδος	cc	high
32	ἐλπίδος	ἐλπίς	NOUN	Nb-f----gensg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ὑπολείπεσθαι	obl	high	Coordinated genitive with σωτηρίας.
33	τι	τις	PRON	Pi--nas----	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	34 ὑπολείπεσθαι	nsubj	medium	Indefinite neuter subject of the infinitive; could be construed as modifying an understood object.
34	ὑπολείπεσθαι	ὑπολείπω	VERB	Vinfpp---	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	19 ἀναπίμπλασθαι	advcl	high	Result infinitive under second ὡς.
35	ναυαγῷ	ναυαγός	NOUN	Nb-m----datsg	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	34 ὑπολείπεσθαι	iobj	high	Dative of reference: for a shipwrecked person.
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐστιν	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.25.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 23
Input: 802
Output: 1,644
Total: 2,446

εἰ δὲ ἐνταῦθα συνέπεσε καὶ Ὀδυσσεῖ διαφθαρῆναι τὴν ναῦν, ἄλλως μὲν οὐκ ἄν τις πείθοιτο ἐκνήξασθαι ζῶντα ἐς τὴν Ἰταλίαν αὐτόν.

Conditional construction: συνέπεσε governs the infinitival subject τὴν ναῦν διαφθαρῆναι, with dative Ὀδυσσεῖ as the affected participant; the apodosis has ἄν with optative πείθοιτο, governing the complementary infinitive ἐκνήξασθαι and its accusative subject αὐτόν, modified by ζῶντα.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	CONJ	_	4 συνέπεσε	mark	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 συνέπεσε	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐνταῦθα	ἐνταῦθα	ADV	ADV	_	4 συνέπεσε	advmod	high
4	συνέπεσε	συμπίπτω	VERB	V-3SIAI	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	7 διαφθαρῆναι	cc	medium	Coordinates the infinitival predicate with συνέπεσε semantically.
6	Ὀδυσσεῖ	Ὀδυσσεύς	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 διαφθαρῆναι	iobj	high
7	διαφθαρῆναι	διαφθείρω	VERB	V-ANP	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Passive	4 συνέπεσε	xcomp	high	Infinitive with τὴν ναῦν as accusative subject.
8	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ναῦν	det	high
9	ναῦν	ναῦς	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 διαφθαρῆναι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 συνέπεσε	punct	high
11	ἄλλως	ἄλλως	ADV	ADV	_	16 πείθοιτο	advmod	high
12	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	16 πείθοιτο	advmod	high	Correlative particle, with no overt δέ in the apodosis.
13	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	16 πείθοιτο	advmod	high
14	ἄν	ἄν	PART	PART	_	16 πείθοιτο	aux	high	Modal particle with optative.
15	τις	τις	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Ind	16 πείθοιτο	nsubj	high
16	πείθοιτο	πείθω	VERB	V-3SPO	Mood=Optative\|Number=Singular\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Middle	0 ROOT	parataxis	medium	Apodotic optative; syntactically coordinated with the conditional protasis at discourse level.
17	ἐκνήξασθαι	ἐκνήχομαι	VERB	V-AMN	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Middle	16 πείθοιτο	xcomp	high	Complement of πείθοιτο.
18	ζῶντα	ζάω	VERB	V-PAP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	22 αὐτόν	advcl	medium	Predicative participle agreeing with αὐτόν; effectively ‘alive’.
19	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	21 Ἰταλίαν	case	high
20	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	21 Ἰταλίαν	det	high
21	Ἰταλίαν	Ἰταλία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἐκνήξασθαι	obl	high
22	αὐτόν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	17 ἐκνήξασθαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐκνήξασθαι.
23	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	16 πείθοιτο	punct	high

Sentence 5

5.25.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 11
Input: 665
Output: 838
Total: 1,503

τὸ δὲ ἐκ τῶν θεῶν εὐμενὲς ἐπὶ παντὶ ἐργάζεται ῥᾳστώνην.

The neuter substantivized εὐμενές is the subject of ἐργάζεται; τὸ ... ἐκ τῶν θεῶν forms the object-like source phrase, and ἐπὶ παντί expresses the circumstance under which ease is produced. The exact construal of τὸ with εὐμενές is somewhat elliptical.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	6 εὐμενὲς	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	9 ἐργάζεται	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	5 θεῶν	case	high
4	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	5 θεῶν	det	high
5	θεῶν	θεός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 εὐμενὲς	obl	high	Genitive plural; formally masculine despite the neuter article, likely a lexical/agreement irregularity in the supplied text or an elliptical construction.
6	εὐμενὲς	εὐμενής	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 ἐργάζεται	nsubj	medium	Substantivized neuter adjective, ‘the favorable disposition’; article τὸ agrees with it.
7	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	8 παντὶ	case	high
8	παντὶ	πᾶς	ADJ	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἐργάζεται	obl	medium	Dative after ἐπί; the expected semantic noun is elided or implicit.
9	ἐργάζεται	ἐργάζομαι	VERB	V3SPI-MP	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
10	ῥᾳστώνην	ῥᾳστώνη	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἐργάζεται	obj	high
11	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	9 ἐργάζεται	punct	high

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