Grammar parses for passage 5.25.4
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ἐπὶ τῇ ἀπωλείᾳ τῶν παίδων οἱ Μεσσήνιοι πένθος ἦγον, καὶ ἄλλα τέ σφισιν ἐς τιμὴν αὐτῶν ἐξευρέθη καὶ εἰκόνας ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν ἀνέθεσαν χαλκᾶς, σὺν δὲ αὐτοῖς τὸν διδάσκαλον τοῦ χοροῦ καὶ τὸν αὐλητήν.
The sentence has coordinated clauses: οἱ Μεσσήνιοι ἦγον πένθος and ἄλλα ... ἐξευρέθη καὶ εἰκόνας ... ἀνέθεσαν; the final σὺν phrase coordinates accusative objects with εἰκόνας, with an understood repeated ἀνέθεσαν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D—— | PronType=Dem | 11 ἦγον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 11 ἦγον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R—— | _ | 5 ἀπωλείᾳ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | LFS——D3S | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἀπωλείᾳ | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀπωλείᾳ | ἀπώλεια | NOUN | NFS——D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἦγον | obl | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | LGP——G3P | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 παίδων | det | high | |
| 7 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | NGP——G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπωλείᾳ | nmod | medium | Article form is syncretic; noun is masculine in context. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | LMP——N3P | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 Μεσσήνιοι | det | high | |
| 9 | Μεσσήνιοι | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | NMP——N | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἦγον | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | πένθος | πένθος | NOUN | NGS——A | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἦγον | obj | high | |
| 11 | ἦγον | ἄγω | VERB | V3PIAI—— | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦγον | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 20 ἐξευρέθη | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A——NPA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἐξευρέθη | nsubj:pass | medium | Neuter plural subject with passive ἐξευρέθη. |
| 15 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 20 ἐξευρέθη | cc | high | |
| 16 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP——D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἐξευρέθη | iobj | high | |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R—— | _ | 18 τιμὴν | case | high | |
| 18 | τιμὴν | τιμή | NOUN | NFS——A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐξευρέθη | obl | high | |
| 19 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | RP——G3P | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 τιμὴν | nmod | high | |
| 20 | ἐξευρέθη | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V3PSAI—— | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 ἦγον | conj | high | Singular passive agrees with neuter plural subject as a collective/impersonal neuter plural. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 25 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | high | |
| 22 | εἰκόνας | εἰκών | NOUN | NFP——A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R—— | _ | 24 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 24 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | NFS——A | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | |
| 25 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V3PAAI—— | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἦγον | conj | high | Subject is understood οἱ Μεσσήνιοι. |
| 26 | χαλκᾶς | χάλκεος | ADJ | A——FPA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 εἰκόνας | amod | high | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 28 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R—— | _ | 32 διδάσκαλον | case | high | |
| 29 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 25 ἀνέθεσαν | cc | medium | Connective particle within the coordinated final object phrase. |
| 30 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | RP——D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 32 διδάσκαλον | obl | high | Dative plural after σύν. |
| 31 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | LMS——A3S | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 32 διδάσκαλον | det | high | |
| 32 | διδάσκαλον | διδάσκαλος | NOUN | NMS——A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀνέθεσαν | conj | medium | Accusative coordinated with εἰκόνας as an additional object under ἀνέθεσαν. |
| 33 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | LMS——G3S | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 34 χοροῦ | det | high | |
| 34 | χοροῦ | χορός | NOUN | NMS——G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 διδάσκαλον | nmod | high | |
| 35 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 37 αὐλητήν | cc | high | |
| 36 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | LMS——A3S | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 αὐλητήν | det | high | |
| 37 | αὐλητήν | αὐλητής | NOUN | NMS——A | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 διδάσκαλον | conj | high | |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦγον | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν δὴ ἐπίγραμμα ἐδήλου τὸ ἀρχαῖον ἀναθήματα εἶναι τῶν ἐν πορθμῷ Μεσσηνίων·
The neuter subject τὸ ἐπίγραμμα governs ἐδήλου; τὸ ἀρχαῖον is an adverbial accusative ('formerly'), while ἀναθήματα εἶναι is an infinitival complement with τῶν Μεσσηνίων as a genitive of association/possessive relation. The exact scope of ἐδήλου and the semantic relation of τῶν ἐν πορθμῷ Μεσσηνίων are mildly interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 ἐπίγραμμα | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart is not present in this sentence. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Df | _ | 5 ἐδήλου | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐδήλου | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐδήλου | δηλόω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article with substantivized/adverbial ἀρχαῖον. |
| 7 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐδήλου | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, 'formerly/in ancient times'. |
| 8 | ἀναθήματα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Accusative predicative complement of the infinitive; alternatively analyzed as its accusative subject. |
| 9 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐδήλου | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἐδήλου. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 12 πορθμῷ | case | high | |
| 12 | πορθμῷ | πορθμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Μεσσηνίων | obl | high | Object of ἐν; locative modifier of Μεσσηνίων. |
| 13 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀναθήματα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἀναθήματα, likely indicating the Messenians associated with or owning the offerings. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐδήλου | punct | high |
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Ἱππίας ὁ λεγόμενος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων γενέσθαι σοφὸς τὰ ἐλεγεῖα ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς ἐποίησεν.
The participial relative clause λεγόμενος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων γενέσθαι σοφός is understood with Ἱππίας; σοφὸς is a predicative complement of γενέσθαι. ὕστερον is an adverbial temporal modifier, and ἐπʼ αὐτοῖς is interpreted as referring to the preceding events or subject matter.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὕστερον | obl:tmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἐποίησεν | advmod | high | Adverbial use of the neuter comparative. |
| 4 | Ἱππίας | Ἱππίας | PROPN | N-nom-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-sg-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 λεγόμενος | det | high | |
| 6 | λεγόμενος | λέγω | VERB | V-pppresmp-nom-sg-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 Ἱππίας | acl | high | Participial modifier of Ἱππίας. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | |
| 8 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-gen-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 λεγόμενος | obl:agent | high | |
| 9 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-anpresmid-inf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 λεγόμενος | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to λεγόμενος. |
| 10 | σοφὸς | σοφός | ADJ | A-nom-sg-m | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 γενέσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with γενέσθαι. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-acc-pl-n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἐλεγεῖα | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐλεγεῖα | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | N-acc-pl-n | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 13 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 αὐτοῖς | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 14 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-dat-pl-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 ἐποίησεν | obl | medium | Dative object of ἐπί; antecedent is context-dependent. |
| 15 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-aor-act-ind-3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |
ἔργα δέ εἰσιν Ἠλείου Κάλλωνος αἱ εἰκόνες.
Copular clause: εἰκόνες is the predicate nominative with εἰσιν; ἔργα is the neuter plural subject complement/predicative noun, while Ἠλείου Κάλλωνος is a genitive phrase meaning ‘of the Elean Kallon’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Neuter plural nominative; subject of the copular clause, with agreement to the predicate noun εἰκόνες by construction. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 εἰσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present indicative of the copula. |
| 4 | Ἠλείου | Ἠλείος | ADJ | A-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Κάλλωνος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Κάλλωνος. |
| 5 | Κάλλωνος | Κάλλων | PROPN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔργα | nmod | high | Personal name in the genitive, dependent on ἔργα: works of Kallon. |
| 6 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 εἰκόνες | det | high | Article agreeing with εἰκόνες. |
| 7 | εἰκόνες | εἰκών | NOUN | N-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 εἰσιν | attr | high | Predicate nominative under εἰσιν: the works are images. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἰσιν | punct | high |