Grammar parses for passage 5.25.5
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ κατὰ τὴν ἄκραν ἐν Σικελίᾳ τὴν τετραμμένην ἐπὶ Λιβύης καὶ Νότου, καλουμένην δὲ Πάχυνον, Μοτύη πόλις· οἰκοῦσι δὲ Λίβυες ἐν αὐτῇ καὶ Φοίνικες.
Existential ἔστι has postponed subject Μοτύη πόλις; the participles τὴν τετραμμένην and καλουμένην modify ἄκραν, while the second clause coordinates οἰκοῦσι with subjects Λίβυες and Φοίνικες.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 πόλις | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | -------- | _ | 5 ἄκραν | case | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ἄκραν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἄκραν | ἄκρα | NOUN | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλις | obl | high | Object of κατά in the locative/geographical phrase. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | -------- | _ | 7 Σικελίᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Σικελίᾳ | Σικελία | PROPN | -------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἄκραν | obl | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 τετραμμένην | det | high | |
| 9 | τετραμμένην | τρέπω | VERB | V-RMP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ἄκραν | acl | high | |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | -------- | _ | 11 Λιβύης | case | high | |
| 11 | Λιβύης | Λιβύη | PROPN | ----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 τετραμμένην | obl | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 Νότου | cc | high | |
| 13 | Νότου | Νότος | PROPN | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λιβύης | conj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἄκραν | punct | high | |
| 15 | καλουμένην | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 ἄκραν | acl | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 καλουμένην | cc | high | |
| 17 | Πάχυνον | Πάχυνος | PROPN | ----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 καλουμένην | xcomp | medium | Predicative name with passive καλουμένην; form is accusative masculine. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 πόλις | punct | high | |
| 19 | Μοτύη | Μοτύη | PROPN | -------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλις | compound | medium | Proper-name element in the subject phrase Μοτύη πόλις. |
| 20 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | ----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 πόλις | punct | high | |
| 22 | οἰκοῦσι | οἰκέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 πόλις | parataxis | high | |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσι | cc | high | |
| 24 | Λίβυες | Λίβυς | PROPN | ----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 οἰκοῦσι | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | -------- | _ | 26 αὐτῇ | case | high | |
| 26 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | ----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 οἰκοῦσι | obl | high | Refers to Μοτύη. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 28 Φοίνικες | cc | high | |
| 28 | Φοίνικες | Φοίνιξ | PROPN | ----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Λίβυες | conj | high | |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 οἰκοῦσι | punct | high |
τούτοις τοῖς ἐν Μοτύῃ βαρβάροις Ἀκραγαντῖνοι καταστάντες ἐς πόλεμον καὶ λείαν τε καὶ λάφυρα ἀπʼ αὐτῶν λαβόντες ἀνέθεσαν τοὺς παῖδας ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τοὺς χαλκοῦς, προτείνοντάς τε τὰς δεξιὰς καὶ εἰκασμένους εὐχομένοις τῷ θεῷ.
The final participial sequence is syntactically compressed: προτείνοντάς and εἰκασμένους describe the dedicated bronze figures, while εὐχομένοις is a dative participle whose attachment and exact semantic force are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | DA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 βαρβάροις | det | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------ | _ | 4 Μοτύῃ | case | high | |
| 4 | Μοτύῃ | Μοτύη | PROPN | NE-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 βαρβάροις | nmod | high | |
| 5 | βαρβάροις | βάρβαρος | NOUN | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 καταστάντες | obl | high | Dative with καταστάντες, referring to the barbarians. |
| 6 | Ἀκραγαντῖνοι | Ἀκραγαντῖνος | PROPN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | καταστάντες | καθίστημι | VERB | V--AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Aorist participle, ‘having entered into/engaged in war’. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R------ | _ | 9 πόλεμον | case | high | |
| 9 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | N--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 καταστάντες | obl | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 λαβόντες | cc | high | |
| 11 | λείαν | λεία | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 λαβόντες | obj | high | |
| 12 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 λείαν | cc | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 λάφυρα | cc | high | |
| 14 | λάφυρα | λάφυρον | NOUN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λαβόντες | conj | high | |
| 15 | ἀπʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R------ | _ | 16 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 λαβόντες | obl | high | |
| 17 | λαβόντες | λαμβάνω | VERB | V--AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | advcl | high | Aorist participle coordinated with καταστάντες. |
| 18 | ἀνέθεσαν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 παῖδας | det | high | |
| 20 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | obj | high | |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R------ | _ | 22 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 22 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | obl | high | |
| 23 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DA-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 χαλκοῦς | det | high | |
| 24 | χαλκοῦς | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 παῖδας | amod | high | Predicative/attributive adjective: the bronze boys/statues. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high | |
| 26 | προτείνοντάς | προτείνω | VERB | V--PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 παῖδας | acl | medium | Accusative participle agrees with παῖδας; describes the dedicated figures. |
| 27 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 26 προτείνοντάς | cc | high | |
| 28 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | DA-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 δεξιὰς | det | high | |
| 29 | δεξιὰς | δεξιός | NOUN | A--APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 προτείνοντάς | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘right hands’. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 εἰκασμένους | cc | high | |
| 31 | εἰκασμένους | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-RPP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 26 προτείνοντάς | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle; exact sense is context-dependent, likely ‘made resembling’ or ‘depicted’. |
| 32 | εὐχομένοις | εὔχομαι | VERB | V-PMP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 31 εἰκασμένους | advcl | medium | Dative participle, likely agreeing with the figures/children and expressing their prayer. |
| 33 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 34 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 εὐχομένοις | obl | high | |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀνέθεσαν | punct | high |
κεῖνται δὲ ἐπὶ τοῦ τείχους οὗτοι τῆς Ἄλτεως·
Κεῖνται is a third-person plural middle/passive form used in the stative sense ‘lie/are situated’; οὗτοι is the postposed subject, while τῆς Ἄλτεως is a genitive dependent on τοῦ τείχους, likely specifying the wall of the Altis.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεῖνται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V- PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Stative/deponent middle form, ‘lie’ or ‘are situated’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 κεῖνται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 τείχους | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive here. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τείχους | det | high | |
| 5 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N----GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 κεῖνται | obl | high | Object of ἐπί; genitive of location with ἐπί. |
| 6 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | P----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 1 κεῖνται | nsubj | high | Postposed demonstrative subject, agreeing with κεῖνται. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἄλτεως | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἄλτεως | Ἄλτις | PROPN | N----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τείχους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τεῖχος: ‘of the Altis’. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κεῖνται | punct | high |
Καλάμιδος δὲ εἶναι σφᾶς ἔργα ἐγώ τε εἴκαζον καὶ ἐς αὐτοὺς κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ εἶχεν ὁ λόγος.
Καλάμιδος is a genitive of comparison/attribution with εἶναι: ‘to be works of Kalamides’; σφᾶς is the accusative subject of the infinitive. The second clause has λόγος as subject and εἶχεν governing the understood content, with ἐς αὐτούς referring to the works; κατὰ τὰ αὐτά means ‘in the same way’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Καλάμιδος | Καλαμίδης | PROPN | NPM.G.SG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔργα | nmod | medium | Genitive of attribution/possession with ἔργα: works of Kalamides. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 εἴκαζον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V.P.A.INF | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 εἴκαζον | ccomp | high | Infinitive with accusative subject σφᾶς. |
| 4 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P.R.ACC.PL | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive; refers to the works/statues. |
| 5 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N.ACC.PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 εἶναι | xcomp | medium | Predicate accusative with εἶναι; semantically ‘works’. |
| 6 | ἐγώ | ἐγώ | PRON | P.1.NOM.SG | Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 8 εἴκαζον | nsubj | high | Explicit subject of εἴκαζον. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 εἴκαζον | cc | high | Coordinates ἐγώ with the following coordinated clause. |
| 8 | εἴκαζον | εἰκάζω | VERB | V.I.A.1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main predicate, ‘I inferred/guessed’; imperfect form can be read as first singular. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 εἶχεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 11 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P.ACC.M.PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 15 εἶχεν | obl | medium | Object of ἐς; likely refers to the works/statues, with elliptical sense ‘as regards them’. |
| 12 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 αὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative phrase τὰ αὐτά. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T.ACC.N.PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 αὐτὰ | det | high | Article substantivizing/marking the neuter phrase. |
| 14 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P.ACC.N.PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 15 εἶχεν | obl | high | Neuter accusative phrase κατὰ τὰ αὐτά, ‘in the same way’. |
| 15 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V.I.A.3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 εἴκαζον | conj | high | Coordinated predicate; λόγος is its subject. |
| 16 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T.NOM.M.SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 λόγος | det | high | Article with λόγος. |
| 17 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N.NOM.M.SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶχεν; ‘the reasoning/account’. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἴκαζον | punct | high |