Grammar parses for passage 5.26.3
Open translation for this passage
Ἀγών τε ἐν τοῖς ἀναθήμασίν ἐστι τοῖς Μικύθου φέρων ἁλτῆρας,
The sentence has a copular frame: Ἀγών is the subject, ἐστι the root, and φέρων is a present participial predicate/modifier agreeing with Ἀγών; τοῖς Μικύθου ἀναθήμασιν is the locative ἐν-phrase, with τοῖς Μικύθου modifying ἀναθήμασιν. The participle governs ἁλτῆρας as its object. The exact attachment of τε is mildly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀγών | ἀγών | NOUN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C------- | _ | 1 Ἀγών | cc | medium | Coordinating enclitic; attachment is conventional but context may supply a preceding conjunct. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R------- | _ | 5 ἀναθήμασίν | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἀναθήμασίν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀναθήμασίν | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N---DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἐστι | obl | high | Object of the preposition ἐν; proper syntactic head of the locative phrase. |
| 6 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 Μικύθου | det | high | |
| 8 | Μικύθου | Μίκυθος | PROPN | Ne---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀναθήμασίν | nmod | high | Genitive possessor/modifier of ἀναθήμασιν; the following article is treated as part of the noun phrase. |
| 9 | φέρων | φέρω | VERB | V-PPA-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἐστι | xcomp | medium | Present active participle agreeing with Ἀγών; analyzed as a predicative participial complement of the copula. |
| 10 | ἁλτῆρας | ἁλτήρ | NOUN | N---APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 φέρων | obj | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστι | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἁλτῆρες οὗτοι παρέχονται σχῆμα τοιόνδε· κύκλου παραμηκεστέρου καὶ οὐκ ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον περιφεροῦς εἰσιν ἥμισυ, πεποίηται δὲ ὡς καὶ τοὺς δακτύλους τῶν χειρῶν διιέναι καθάπερ διʼ ὀχάνων ἀσπίδος.
The second clause is an identificational description: ἥμισυ is a neuter singular predicative noun with εἰσιν, while κύκλου ... περιφεροῦς is a genitive partitive/material specification. πεποίηται is impersonal/passive in sense, governing the infinitival construction διιέναι with ὡς καί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἁλτῆρες | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 5 παρέχονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἁλτῆρες | ἁλτήρ | NOUN | N--MNP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 παρέχονται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | DET | RD-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἁλτῆρες | det | high | Demonstrative used attributively. |
| 5 | παρέχονται | παρέχω | VERB | V3P IAMI MP | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | σχῆμα | σχῆμα | NOUN | N--SAN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 παρέχονται | obj | high | |
| 7 | τοιόνδε | τοιόσδε | ADJ | A--SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 σχῆμα | amod | high | Predetermining demonstrative adjective. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παρέχονται | punct | high | |
| 9 | κύκλου | κύκλος | NOUN | N--SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἥμισυ | nmod | medium | Genitive of the whole/material with ἥμισυ. |
| 10 | παραμηκεστέρου | παραμήκης | ADJ | A--SMG | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κύκλου | amod | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 16 περιφεροῦς | cc | high | Coordinates the two adjectives modifying κύκλου. |
| 12 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D—— | Polarity=Neg | 16 περιφεροῦς | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R—— | _ | 15 ἀκριβέστατον | case | high | |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀκριβέστατον | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀκριβέστατον | ἀκριβής | ADJ | A--SNA-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 περιφεροῦς | obl | high | Substantivized superlative in the phrase ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον. |
| 16 | περιφεροῦς | περιφερής | ADJ | A--SMG | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κύκλου | amod | high | Coordinates with παραμηκεστέρου in modifying κύκλου. |
| 17 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3P IPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἥμισυ | cop | high | |
| 18 | ἥμισυ | ἥμισυς | NOUN | A--SNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 παρέχονται | parataxis | medium | Neuter singular predicative nominal despite plural εἰσιν; the referent is the pair/object collectively or a quantity expression. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἥμισυ | punct | high | |
| 20 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V3S RPIE | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 18 ἥμισυ | parataxis | medium | Perfect passive, with the following infinitival clause expressing design or intended construction. |
| 21 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 20 πεποίηται | cc | high | |
| 22 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C—— | _ | 28 διιέναι | mark | medium | Introduces the infinitival construction; may be analyzed as a complementizer/purpose marker. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C—— | _ | 28 διιέναι | advmod | medium | Emphatic καί ('also/even'). |
| 24 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 δακτύλους | det | high | |
| 25 | δακτύλους | δάκτυλος | NOUN | N--PMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 διιέναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive διιέναι. |
| 26 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-PFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 χειρῶν | det | high | |
| 27 | χειρῶν | χείρ | NOUN | N--PFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 δακτύλους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δακτύλους. |
| 28 | διιέναι | δίειμι | VERB | V—PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 πεποίηται | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by πεποίηται; διιέναι means 'pass through'. |
| 29 | καθάπερ | καθάπερ | SCONJ | C—— | _ | 28 διιέναι | advmod | high | Comparative subordinator/adverb. |
| 30 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R—— | _ | 31 ὀχάνων | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 31 | ὀχάνων | ὀχάνη | NOUN | N--PFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 διιέναι | obl | high | Genitive complement of διά: 'through loops/handles'. |
| 32 | ἀσπίδος | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N--SFG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ὀχάνων | nmod | high | Dependent genitive specifying the loops/handles of a shield. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 πεποίηται | punct | high |
τούτων μὲν δὴ σχῆμά ἐστι τὸ εἰρημένον·
Copular clause: σχῆμα is the subject and τὸ εἰρημένον is a substantivized participial predicate; τούτων is a genitive dependent on σχῆμα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | RD-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 σχῆμά | nmod | high | Genitive plural demonstrative, dependent on σχῆμα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 4 σχῆμά | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G----- | _ | 5 ἐστι | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | σχῆμά | σχῆμα | NOUN | N----NN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of ἐστι. |
| 5 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 εἰρημένον | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 7 | εἰρημένον | λέγω | VERB | V-RPPNSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 5 ἐστι | xcomp | medium | Substantivized perfect passive participle, predicate complement of the copula. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
παρὰ δὲ τοῦ Ἀγῶνος τὴν εἰκόνα Διόνυσος καὶ ὁ Θρᾷξ ἐστιν Ὀρφεὺς καὶ ἄγαλμα Διός, οὗ δὴ καὶ ὀλίγῳ πρότερον ἐπεμνήσθην.
The sentence has an elliptical/semantically unusual copular predication: Διόνυσος καὶ ὁ Θρᾷξ ἐστιν Ὀρφεύς καὶ ἄγαλμα Διός; the analysis treats the coordinated nominatives as a compound predicative structure while retaining ἐστιν as root.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 εἰκόνα | case | high | With genitive τοῦ Ἀγῶνος: 'beside/from the image of Agon'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀγῶνος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀγῶνος | Ἀγών | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 εἰκόνα | nmod | high | Proper name Agon. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 εἰκόνα | det | high | |
| 6 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Object/complement associated with the elliptic predication; παρὰ τοῦ Ἀγῶνος modifies it. |
| 7 | Διόνυσος | Διόνυσος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Ὀρφεὺς | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Θρᾷξ | det | high | |
| 10 | Θρᾷξ | Θρᾷξ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ὀρφεὺς | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic noun, 'the Thracian'. |
| 11 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/predicative root. |
| 12 | Ὀρφεὺς | Ὀρφεύς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated nominative predicate subject/name with Διόνυσος καὶ ὁ Θρᾷξ. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Neuter nominative predicate noun coordinated after the personal-name predication. |
| 15 | Διός | Ζεύς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἄγαλμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἄγαλμα. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 22 ἐπεμνήσθην | obl | medium | Relative genitive referring to Διός/Zeus, with ἐπεμνήσθην understood as taking a genitive. |
| 18 | δὴ | δή | PART | PRT | _ | 22 ἐπεμνήσθην | discourse | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | AdvType=Foc | 20 ὀλίγῳ | advmod | medium | Focusing adverb, 'also/even'. |
| 20 | ὀλίγῳ | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 πρότερον | obl | high | Dative of measure with πρότερον: 'a little earlier'. |
| 21 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | ADV-CMP | Degree=Cmp | 22 ἐπεμνήσθην | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ἐπεμνήσθην | ἐπιμιμνήσκω | VERB | V-API-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 ἐστιν | advcl | high | Aorist passive 'I mentioned/was reminded'; relative clause. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ταῦτα ἔργα ἐστὶν Ἀργείου Διονυσίου ·
Copular identification: ταῦτα ἔργα is the neuter plural subject/predicate nominal, with Ἀργείου Διονυσίου a genitive attributive phrase ('of Dionysius the Argive').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NAN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | Nb-NAN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐστὶν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative/nominal complement of εἰμί. |
| 3 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V3SPIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Singular verb with neuter plural subject, as normal in Greek. |
| 4 | Ἀργείου | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Διονυσίου | amod | high | Substantivally or attributively modifies Διονυσίου. |
| 5 | Διονυσίου | Διονύσιος | PROPN | Ne-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἔργα | nmod | high | Genitive of authorship/association modifying ἔργα. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
τεθῆναι δὲ ὑπὸ τοῦ Μικύθου καὶ ἄλλα ὁμοῦ τούτοις λέγουσι, Νέρωνα δὲ ἀφελέσθαι φασὶ καὶ ταῦτα.
The sentence contains two reported infinitival constructions: τεθῆναι under λέγουσι and Νέρωνα ἀφελέσθαι under φασί; the phrase ἄλλα ὁμοῦ τούτοις is syntactically compressed and its coordination is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τεθῆναι | τίθημι | VERB | V--ANP--- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 10 λέγουσι | csubj | high | Aorist passive infinitive, subject of λέγουσι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 λέγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 Μικύθου | case | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SGM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 5 Μικύθου | det | high | |
| 5 | Μικύθου | Μίκυθος | PROPN | N-SGM--- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 1 τεθῆναι | obl:agent | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλα | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | PRON | A-APN--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 1 τεθῆναι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural; coordinated with τούτοις in the broader construction. |
| 8 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλα | advmod | medium | Adverb meaning ‘together’, modifying the associated object phrase. |
| 9 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | D-DPN--- | Case=Dative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 7 ἄλλα | conj | medium | Dative demonstrative; coordination/association with ἄλλα is syntactically compressed. |
| 10 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high | |
| 12 | Νέρωνα | Νέρων | PROPN | N-SMA--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 14 ἀφελέσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἀφελέσθαι. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 φασὶ | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἀφελέσθαι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-2ANM--- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 15 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive dependent on φασί. |
| 15 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 10 λέγουσι | parataxis | high | Coordinate reporting clause following λέγουσι. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ταῦτα | cc | high | |
| 17 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | D-APN--- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 14 ἀφελέσθαι | obj | high | Object of ἀφελέσθαι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 λέγουσι | punct | high |