Grammar parses for passage 5.27.12
Open translation for this passage
τῶν δὲ ἐν Θρᾴκῃ Μενδαίων τὸ ἀνάθημα ἐγγύτατα ἀφίκετο ἀπατῆσαί με ὡς ἀνδρὸς εἰκὼν εἴη πεντάθλου· καὶ κεῖται μὲν παρὰ τὸν Ἠλεῖον Ἀναυχίδαν, ἔχει δὲ ἁλτῆρας ἀρχαίους.
The first clause has ἀνάθημα as subject of ἀφίκετο, with an infinitival complement ἀπατῆσαί με and a reported ὡς-clause containing optative εἴη; the second coordinated clause describes the dedication’s location and objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μενδαίων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 7 ἀνάθημα | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 4 Θρᾴκῃ | case | high | |
| 4 | Θρᾴκῃ | Θρᾴκη | PROPN | Noun-Dat-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Μενδαίων | nmod | high | |
| 5 | Μενδαίων | Μενδαῖος | PROPN | Noun-Gen-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀνάθημα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀνάθημα | det | high | |
| 7 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | Noun-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | Adv-Sup | Degree=Sup | 9 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | Verb-Aor-Med-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἀπατῆσαί | ἀπατάω | VERB | Verb-Aor-Act-Inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ἀφίκετο | xcomp | high | |
| 11 | με | ἐγώ | PRON | Pron-Acc-1Sg | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 10 ἀπατῆσαί | obj | high | |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 15 εἴη | mark | high | |
| 13 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Noun-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Possibly partitive/genitive with εἰκών. |
| 14 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | Noun-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἴη | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | Verb-Pres-Act-Opt-3Sg | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἀπατῆσαί | ccomp | high | Optative in reported/content clause after ὡς. |
| 16 | πεντάθλου | πένταθλος | ADJ | Adj-Gen-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective: ‘of a pentathlete’. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 19 κεῖται | cc | high | |
| 19 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | Verb-Pres-MidPass-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 ἀφίκετο | conj | high | |
| 20 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Part | _ | 19 κεῖται | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with following δέ. |
| 21 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | Prep | _ | 24 Ἀναυχίδαν | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀναυχίδαν | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἠλεῖον | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | Adj-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἀναυχίδαν | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying the personal name. |
| 24 | Ἀναυχίδαν | Ἀναυχίδας | PROPN | Noun-Acc-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 κεῖται | obl | high | |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 κεῖται | punct | high | |
| 26 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | Verb-Pres-Act-Ind-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 κεῖται | conj | high | Coordinated with κεῖται; μέν–δέ contrast. |
| 27 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 26 ἔχει | cc | high | |
| 28 | ἁλτῆρας | ἁλτήρ | NOUN | Noun-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 29 | ἀρχαίους | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | Adj-Acc-Pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἁλτῆρας | amod | high | |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἔχει | punct | high |
ἐλεγεῖον δὲ ἐπʼ αὐτὸ γεγραμμένον ἐστὶν ἐπὶ τοῦ μηροῦ·
The sentence is a copular construction with ἐλεγεῖον as subject and γεγραμμένον as a predicative perfect passive participle; ἐπʼ αὐτό likely specifies what the epigram is written on, while ἐπὶ τοῦ μηροῦ specifies the physical location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλεγεῖον | ἐλεγεῖον | NOUN | Neut_NomSg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 1 ἐλεγεῖον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 μηροῦ | case | high | Elided before vowel. |
| 4 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | Ptc_Neut_AccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 γεγραμμένον | obl | medium | Neuter accusative, likely with γεγραμμένον: written upon it. |
| 5 | γεγραμμένον | γράφω | VERB | Perf_Pass_Ptcp_Neut_AccSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 ἐστὶν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle functioning predicatively; agreement and construction are somewhat elliptical. |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | Pres_Ind_Act_3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 μηροῦ | case | high | |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art_Gen_Masc_Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 μηροῦ | det | high | |
| 9 | μηροῦ | μηρός | NOUN | Noun_Gen_Masc_Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστὶν | obl | high | ἐπὶ τοῦ μηροῦ gives the location, “on the thigh.” |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
Ζηνὶ θεῶν βασιλεῖ μʼ ἀκροθίνιον ἐνθάδʼ ἔθηκαν Μενδαῖοι, Σίπτην χερσὶ βιασσάμενοι.
Μενδαῖοι is the subject of ἔθηκαν; μʼ is the object, with ἀκροθίνιον as its predicative/denominative complement. Σίπτην is an accusative of respect or object-like specification with βιασσάμενοι, whose participial subject is co-referential with Μενδαῖοι; the exact syntax of Σίπτην is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ζηνὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 βασιλεῖ | nmod | high | Dative recipient/dedicatee, coordinated semantically with βασιλεῖ. |
| 2 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλεῖ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλεῖ: king of the gods. |
| 3 | βασιλεῖ | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔθηκαν | iobj | high | Dative recipient of ἔθηκαν. |
| 4 | μʼ | ἐγώ | PRON | P--AS1- | Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔθηκαν | obj | high | Clitic first-person accusative object. |
| 5 | ἀκροθίνιον | ἀκροθίνιον | NOUN | N--ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 μʼ | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative/denominative complement of μʼ, ‘first-fruit offering’. |
| 6 | ἐνθάδʼ | ἐνθάδε | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἔθηκαν | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘here’. |
| 7 | ἔθηκαν | τίθημι | VERB | V--AAI3P- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite predicate. |
| 8 | Μενδαῖοι | Μενδαῖος | PROPN | N--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἔθηκαν | nsubj | high | Explicit plural subject. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔθηκαν | punct | high | |
| 10 | Σίπτην | Σίπτη | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 βιασσάμενοι | obj | low | Proper name in accusative; syntactic relation to the participle is uncertain, possibly object-like specification or accusative of respect. |
| 11 | χερσὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N--DPI- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 βιασσάμενοι | obl | high | Instrumental dative, ‘with/by the hands’. |
| 12 | βιασσάμενοι | βιάζω | VERB | V--AMP-NPM | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 ἔθηκαν | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle, agreeing with Μενδαῖοι; temporal or circumstantial subordinate clause. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔθηκαν | punct | high |
τὸ μὲν δὴ Θρᾴκιόν τι εἶναι τεῖχος καὶ πόλις ἔοικεν, ἡ Σίπτη·
The infinitive εἶναι is governed by ἔοικεν; τεῖχος and πόλις are coordinated nominative nouns, with ἡ Σίπτη as a following appositional identification.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τεῖχος | det | high | Article with τεῖχος. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 ἔοικεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle; δὴ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | D-------- | _ | 10 ἔοικεν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | Θρᾴκιόν | Θρᾴκιος | ADJ | A----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τεῖχος | amod | high | Neuter adjective agreeing with τεῖχος. |
| 5 | τι | τις | PRON | P----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 τεῖχος | det | high | Indefinite enclitic modifying τεῖχος. |
| 6 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ἔοικεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔοικεν. |
| 7 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N----NSA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 εἶναι | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject/predicative noun with εἶναι. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 πόλις | cc | high | Coordinates πόλις with τεῖχος. |
| 9 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 τεῖχος | conj | high | Coordinated nominative predicate/subject noun. |
| 10 | ἔοικεν | ἔοικα | VERB | V--RAPNS- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal-looking perfect with infinitive complement, ‘seems’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔοικεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Σίπτη | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 13 | Σίπτη | Σίπτη | PROPN | N----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἔοικεν | appos | medium | Appositional identification of the place; exact attachment may be analyzed as apposition to πόλις. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἔοικεν | punct | high |
Μενδαίοις δὲ αὐτοῖς γένος τε Ἑλληνικὸν καὶ ἀπὸ Ἰωνίας ἐστίν, οἰκοῦσι δὲ ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω τῆς πρὸς Αἴνῳ πόλει.
Two coordinated clauses: Μενδαίοις is a dative possessor/experiencer with εἰμί, while γένος is the subject complement; οἰκοῦσι is coordinated by δέ and has an understood Μενδαίοις subject. The final phrase is somewhat compressed: ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω τῆς πρὸς Αἴνῳ πόλει means ‘up from the sea, the city toward Ainos’; attachment of τῆς πρὸς Αἴνῳ πόλει is interpreted as an attributive apposition/description of the settlement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μενδαίοις | Μενδαῖος | PROPN | N--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστίν | iobj | medium | Dative possessor or experiencer with ἐστίν; ethnonym used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστίν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P---DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Μενδαίοις | conj | medium | Intensive pronoun, agreeing with Μενδαίοις; reinforces the ethnonym. |
| 4 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N--NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστίν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰμί. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 γένος | cc | high | Coordinates γένος with the following adjective phrase. |
| 6 | Ἑλληνικὸν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A---NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 γένος | amod | high | Adjectival predicate/attribute of γένος. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστίν | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate complement. |
| 8 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἰωνίας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἰωνίας. |
| 9 | Ἰωνίας | Ἰωνία | PROPN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστίν | obl | high | Genitive of origin with ἐστίν. |
| 10 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SPIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | First-clause copular root; plural dative is a possessor/experiencer construction. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστίν | punct | high | |
| 12 | οἰκοῦσι | οἰκέω | VERB | V3PPIA---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second coordinated clause; understood subject is Μενδαῖοι. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 οἰκοῦσι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 14 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 θαλάσσης | case | high | Preposition governing θαλάσσης. |
| 15 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 οἰκοῦσι | obl | high | Source/origin complement of οἰκοῦσι. |
| 16 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 οἰκοῦσι | advmod | high | Directional adverb, ‘up/inland’. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πόλει | det | high | Article with πόλει; genitive form agrees with πόλει only if πόλει is read as feminine genitive, but the form is morphologically ambiguous. |
| 18 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Αἴνῳ | case | high | Preposition governing Αἴνῳ. |
| 19 | Αἴνῳ | Αἶνος | PROPN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 πόλει | nmod | medium | Dative after πρός, likely ‘toward Ainos’; proper-name morphology/semantics are somewhat compressed here. |
| 20 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N--DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 οἰκοῦσι | obl | low | The transmitted form is dative; syntactic attachment is uncertain. It may represent a locative/directional phrase or a compressed appositional description, with τῆς appearing discordant. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 οἰκοῦσι | punct | high |