Grammar parses for passage 5.27.2
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν δύο τέ εἰσιν ἵπποι καὶ ἡνίοχοι δύο, ἑκατέρῳ τῶν ἵππων παρεστὼς ἀνὴρ ἡνίοχος·
Elliptical coordination: τὰ ... δύο is the topical quantified subject, with εἰσιν understood across the coordinated noun phrases ἵπποι and ἡνίοχοι; ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν modifies τὰ (the objects associated with Olympia). The participial phrase παρεστώς ἀνήρ ἡνίοχος describes one man beside each horse.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσιν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | |
| 4 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Nb-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 τὰ | nmod | medium | Topical modifier of τὰ; alternatively an adjunct to the clause. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 8 ἵπποι | nummod | high | Quantifier associated with ἵπποι. |
| 6 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 εἰσιν | cc | high | |
| 7 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PPAI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἵπποι | ἵππος | NOUN | Nb-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἡνίοχοι | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἡνίοχοι | ἡνίοχος | NOUN | Nb-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσιν | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative predicate/subject phrase. |
| 11 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 10 ἡνίοχοι | nummod | high | Quantifier associated with ἡνίοχοι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσιν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἑκατέρῳ | ἑκάτερος | DET | P----DDS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 15 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | Nb-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 παρεστὼς | obl | high | Genitive dependent on ἑκατέρῳ: each of the horses. |
| 16 | παρεστὼς | παρίστημι | VERB | VPRNAM-S-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἀνὴρ | acl | high | Perfect active participle, agreeing with ἀνήρ; παρεστώς means standing/beside. |
| 17 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | Nb-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 εἰσιν | parataxis | medium | Appositional/explanatory continuation after the quantified pairs; its relation is elliptical. |
| 18 | ἡνίοχος | ἡνίοχος | NOUN | Nb-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀνὴρ | appos | high | |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσιν | punct | high |
ὁ μὲν δὴ πρότερος τῶν ἵππων καὶ ὁ ἀνὴρ Διονυσίου τοῦ Ἀργείου, τὰ δεύτερα δὲ ἔργα ἐστὶν Αἰγινήτου Σίμωνος .
Two coordinated nominal clauses are understood: the earlier horse and the man are Dionysius's; the second-place works are Simon's. The predicate nominatives and possessive genitives are somewhat elliptical but syntactically clear.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρότερος | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | 粒 | _ | 4 πρότερος | discourse | high | Correlative particle; relation labeled discourse. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | 粒 | _ | 4 πρότερος | discourse | high | |
| 4 | πρότερος | πρότερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the earlier/first’; coordinated with ἀνήρ. |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 6 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πρότερος | nmod | high | Genitive of comparison/specification with πρότερος. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀνὴρ | cc | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνὴρ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 πρότερος | conj | high | Coordinated subject with πρότερος. |
| 10 | Διονυσίου | Διονύσιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀνὴρ | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀργείου | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀργείου | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Διονυσίου | appos | high | Ethnic/name apposition identifying Dionysius. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 δεύτερα | det | high | |
| 15 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-NPA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the second-place [works]’. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | cc | high | Adversative/continuative coordinator. |
| 17 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | N-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 δεύτερα | appos | medium | Appositional clarification of substantivized δεύτερα. |
| 18 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; singular agrees with the understood/semantic predicate construction. |
| 19 | Αἰγινήτου | Αἰγινήτης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Σίμωνος | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive modifying Σίμωνος. |
| 20 | Σίμωνος | Σίμων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐστὶν | nmod:poss | high | Predicate possessive genitive, ‘of Simon’; Αἰγινήτου identifies him as Aeginetan. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
τῷ προτέρῳ δὲ τῶν ἵππων ἐπίγραμμα ἔπεστιν ἐπὶ τῇ πλευρᾷ, τὰ πρῶτα οὐ σὺν μέτρῳ·
The sentence has an initial dative possessor/association phrase, with τῷ προτέρῳ ... ἵππων understood as referring to the former of the two horses; ἐπίγραμμα is the subject of ἔπεστιν. The following phrase τὰ πρῶτα οὐ σὺν μέτρῳ is an elliptical qualification of the inscription, probably ‘at first, not in meter’; the exact attachment of τὰ πρῶτα is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 προτέρῳ | det | high | |
| 2 | προτέρῳ | πρότερος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the former’; gender and number are supplied by the understood ἵππῳ. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 6 ἐπίγραμμα | cc | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 προτέρῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the substantivized προτέρῳ. |
| 6 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔπεστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | ἔπεστιν | ἔπειμι | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Present form of ἔπειμι, ‘is present/inscribed’. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 10 πλευρᾷ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πλευρᾷ | det | high | |
| 10 | πλευρᾷ | πλευρά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἔπεστιν | obl | high | Locative/associative dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔπεστιν | punct | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 πρῶτα | det | medium | Article with substantivized πρῶτα. |
| 13 | πρῶτα | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔπεστιν | advmod | medium | Substantivized accusative adverbial expression, ‘at first’; attachment to the inscription clause is elliptical. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 16 μέτρῳ | advmod | high | |
| 15 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R | _ | 16 μέτρῳ | case | high | |
| 16 | μέτρῳ | μέτρον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 πρῶτα | obl | medium | ‘In meter’; likely elliptical with an understood copula or participial predicate concerning the inscription. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔπεστιν | punct | high |
λέγει γὰρ δὴ οὕτω·
λέγει is present indicative, likely introducing a quotation; γάρ and δή are discourse particles, and οὕτω is an adverbial modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγει | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | 粒 | _ | 1 λέγει | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | 粒 | _ | 1 λέγει | discourse | high | |
| 4 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λέγει | advmod | high | |
| 5 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγει | punct | high |