Grammar parses for passage 5.4.3
Open translation for this passage
λέγεται δὲ ὡς καὶ τοὺς ἀνθρώπους ἐκ τῶν κωμῶν, ὅσοι τοῦ τείχους οὐ πολὺ ἀφεστήκεσαν, κατελθεῖν ἔπεισεν ἐς τὴν πόλιν καὶ πλήθει τε οἰκητόρων καὶ μείζονα καὶ εὐδαιμονεστέραν ἐς τὰ ἄλλα ἀπέφηνε τὴν Ἦλιν.
The reported-speech frame is somewhat ambiguous: ὡς likely introduces the content governed by λέγεται, and ἔπεισεν may be understood as part of that reported content rather than a direct complement of λέγεται.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PII-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main passive/intransitive reporting verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἔπεισεν | mark | medium | Introduces reported content; exact scope slightly uncertain. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 τοὺς | cc | high | Connects coordinated object phrase. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | Article modifying ἀνθρώπους. |
| 6 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 κατελθεῖν | obj | medium | Accusative subject/object of infinitive κατελθεῖν. |
| 7 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 κωμῶν | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 κωμῶν | det | high | Article modifying κωμῶν. |
| 9 | κωμῶν | κώμη | NOUN | N-GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀνθρώπους | nmod | high | Source phrase dependent on ἀνθρώπους. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κωμῶν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | A-PNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀφεστήκεσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun subject of ἀφεστήκεσαν. |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 τείχους | det | high | Article modifying τείχους. |
| 13 | τείχους | τεῖχος | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφεστήκεσαν | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἀφεστήκεσαν. |
| 14 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | NEG | _ | 15 πολὺ | advmod | high | Negation modifying πολὺ. |
| 15 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-SA-? | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἀφεστήκεσαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial degree modifier; morphology uncertain from form. |
| 16 | ἀφεστήκεσαν | ἀφίστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 11 ὅσοι | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause verb modifying ὅσοι. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀφεστήκεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | κατελθεῖν | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἔπεισεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἔπεισεν. |
| 19 | ἔπεισεν | πείθω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | medium | Reported content dependent on λέγεται. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 21 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πόλιν | det | high | Article modifying πόλιν. |
| 22 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κατελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal of motion with κατελθεῖν. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 ἀπέφηνε | cc | high | Coordinates with ἀπέφηνε. |
| 24 | πλήθει | πλῆθος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἀπέφηνε | obl | high | Dative of respect/cause. |
| 25 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 24 πλήθει | discourse | high | Enclitic connective within coordinated phrase. |
| 26 | οἰκητόρων | οἰκήτωρ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 πλήθει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλήθει. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 μείζονα | cc | high | Coordinates adjectives. |
| 28 | μείζονα | μέγας | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 34 ἀπέφηνε | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἀπέφηνε; form could reflect acc. neut. sg. |
| 29 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 εὐδαιμονεστέραν | cc | high | Coordinates adjectives. |
| 30 | εὐδαιμονεστέραν | εὐδαιμονέστερος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἀπέφηνε | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with τὴν Ἦλιν. |
| 31 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 ἄλλα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 32 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 ἄλλα | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλα. |
| 33 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 ἀπέφηνε | obl | high | Adverbial phrase with ἐς. |
| 34 | ἀπέφηνε | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 19 ἔπεισεν | conj | medium | Coordinated with ἔπεισεν; exact attachment slightly uncertain. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 Ἦλιν | det | high | Article modifying Ἦλιν. |
| 36 | Ἦλιν | Ἦλις | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἀπέφηνε | obj | high | Direct object of ἀπέφηνε. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀφίκετο δὲ αὐτῷ καὶ ἐκ Δελφῶν χρησμός, τὸν Πελοπίδην ἐπάγεσθαι συνοικιστήν·
The main clause is simple; the challenge is the oracle clause, where ἐπάγεσθαι takes Πελοπίδην as its accusative subject and συνοικιστήν as a predicative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-API3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | discourse | high | Postpositive discourse particle. |
| 3 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-3DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 1 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Dative of indirect relation with ἀφίκετο. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐκ | cc | high | Connects ἐκ Δελφῶν to the preceding phrase. |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 χρησμός | case | high | Preposition governing Δελφῶν. |
| 6 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | Np---mgp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐκ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 7 | χρησμός | χρησμός | NOUN | N-S---MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφίκετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀφίκετο. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--AMS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Πελοπίδην | det | high | Article modifying Πελοπίδην. |
| 10 | Πελοπίδην | Πελοπίδας | PROPN | Np---ams | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπάγεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive (proleptic/internal). |
| 11 | ἐπάγεσθαι | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-PMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 7 χρησμός | acl | high | Infinitival complement dependent on χρησμός. |
| 12 | συνοικιστήν | συνοικιστής | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐπάγεσθαι | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of the infinitive. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀφίκετο | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
Ὄξυλος δὲ τὴν ζήτησιν ἐποιεῖτο σπουδῇ καὶ ἀναζητῶν εὗρεν Ἀγώριον τὸν Δαμασίου τοῦ Πενθίλου τοῦ Ὀρέστου, καὶ αὐτόν τε ἐξ Ἑλίκης τῆς Ἀχαιῶν καὶ σὺν τῷ Ἀγωρίῳ μοῖραν τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ἐπηγάγετο οὐ πολλήν.
Main clause has coordinated narrative verbs; participles and prepositional phrases attach adverbially, while the long genitive chain modifies Ἀγώριον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὄξυλος | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποιεῖτο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ζήτησιν | det | high | Article modifying ζήτησιν. |
| 4 | ζήτησιν | ζήτησις | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποιεῖτο. |
| 5 | ἐποιεῖτο | ποιέω | VERB | V-IMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 6 | σπουδῇ | σπουδή | NOUN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | advmod | medium | Dative of manner/instrument. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 εὗρεν | cc | high | Connects finite verbs. |
| 8 | ἀναζητῶν | ἀναζητέω | VERB | V-PAP-SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying Ὄξυλος. |
| 9 | εὗρεν | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 10 | Ἀγώριον | Ἀγώριος | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 εὗρεν | obj | high | Object of εὗρεν. |
| 11 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἀγώριον | det | high | Article modifying Ἀγώριον. |
| 12 | Δαμασίου | Δαμάσιος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Ἀγώριον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἀγώριον. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Πενθίλου | det | high | Article modifying Πενθίλου. |
| 14 | Πενθίλου | Πένθιλος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Δαμασίου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Δαμασίου. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Ὀρέστου | det | high | Article modifying Ὀρέστου. |
| 16 | Ὀρέστου | Ὀρέστης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Πενθίλου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Πενθίλου. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 εὗρεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἐπηγάγετο | cc | high | Connects second coordinated finite verb. |
| 19 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 32 ἐπηγάγετο | obj | high | Object of ἐπηγάγετο. |
| 20 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 19 αὐτόν | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 21 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 22 Ἑλίκης | case | high | Preposition governing Ἑλίκης. |
| 22 | Ἑλίκης | Ἑλίκη | PROPN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἐπηγάγετο | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ἐκ. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 24 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ἑλίκης | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Ἑλίκης. |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἐπηγάγετο | cc | high | Coordinates another oblique phrase. |
| 26 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 Ἀγωρίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative Ἀγωρίῳ. |
| 27 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 28 Ἀγωρίῳ | det | high | Article modifying Ἀγωρίῳ. |
| 28 | Ἀγωρίῳ | Ἀγώριος | PROPN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐπηγάγετο | obl | high | Comitative prepositional phrase with σύν. |
| 29 | μοῖραν | μοῖρα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἐπηγάγετο | obj | high | Object of ἐπηγάγετο. |
| 30 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 31 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 μοῖραν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μοῖραν. |
| 32 | ἐπηγάγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V-AMI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb with implied subject Ὄξυλος. |
| 33 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 34 πολλήν | advmod | high | Negation of πολλήν. |
| 34 | πολλήν | πολύς | ADJ | A-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 μοῖραν | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of μοῖραν. |
| 35 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐποιεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |