Grammar parses for passage 5.4.2
Open translation for this passage
καί πως συνήρεσε ταῦτα ἀμφοτέροις, οἱ δὲ ἐς τὸ ἔργον προταχθέντες Δέγμενός τε Ἠλεῖος ἦν τοξότης καὶ παρὰ τῶν Αἰτωλῶν Πυραίχμης σφενδόνην δεδιδαγμένος.
The second clause is coordinated to the first and presents two men appointed for the task: Δέγμενος, an Elean archer, and Πυραίχμης, trained by the Aetolians in sling use. The participle προταχθέντες is substantival and governs the coordinated naming predicates; δεδιδαγμένος is a perfect passive participle with implicit subject Πυραίχμης.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 συνήρεσε | cc | high | |
| 2 | πως | πως | ADV | ADV | _ | 3 συνήρεσε | advmod | high | Indefinite/adverbial πως, modifying the verb. |
| 3 | συνήρεσε | συναρέσκω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Simple|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist/augment form; subject is implicit/contextual. |
| 4 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 3 συνήρεσε | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural nominative subject: ‘these things’; form is syncretic with accusative. |
| 5 | ἀμφοτέροις | ἀμφότερος | PRON | PI-DMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual|PronType=Ind | 3 συνήρεσε | iobj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 συνήρεσε | punct | high | |
| 7 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | AP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 προταχθέντες | det | high | Article with substantival participle. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 προταχθέντες | cc | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἔργον | case | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | AP-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἔργον | det | high | |
| 11 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | NC-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 προταχθέντες | obl | high | Object of ἐς in the phrase ‘for the task’. |
| 12 | προταχθέντες | προτάσσω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Aspect=Perfective|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 16 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Substantival aorist passive participle; ‘those appointed/assigned’. |
| 13 | Δέγμενός | Δέγμενος | PROPN | NP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 τοξότης | nsubj | high | Personal name; nominative subject of ἦν. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 Δέγμενός | cc | high | Correlative τε with καί at token 18. |
| 15 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Δέγμενός | amod | high | Ethnic adjective, ‘Elean’. |
| 16 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S | Aspect=Imperfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 12 προταχθέντες | conj | medium | Copula in the first coordinated naming clause; coordinated under the participial construction. |
| 17 | τοξότης | τοξότης | NOUN | NC-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 δεδιδαγμένος | cc | high | Coordinates the second man/clause with the first. |
| 19 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 Αἰτωλῶν | case | high | |
| 20 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | AP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 Αἰτωλῶν | det | high | |
| 21 | Αἰτωλῶν | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | NP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 δεδιδαγμένος | obl | high | Genitive governed by παρά; source/agent of training. |
| 22 | Πυραίχμης | Πυραίχμης | PROPN | NP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 δεδιδαγμένος | nsubj | high | Subject of δεδιδαγμένος. |
| 23 | σφενδόνην | σφενδόνη | NOUN | NC-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 δεδιδαγμένος | obj | high | Object of the passive participle’s implicit training predicate. |
| 24 | δεδιδαγμένος | διδάσκω | VERB | V-RPP-NMS | Aspect=Perfect|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 12 προταχθέντες | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle, coordinated with the first naming predicate; Πυραίχμης is its subject. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 συνήρεσε | punct | high |
κρατήσαντος δὲ τοῦ Πυραίχμου τήν τε βασιλείαν ἔσχεν Ὄξυλος καὶ Ἐπειοὺς τοὺς ἀρχαίους τὰ μὲν ἄλλα εἴασεν ἐπὶ τοῖς αὑτῶν μένειν, συνοίκους δέ σφισι τοὺς Αἰτωλοὺς ἐπὶ ἀναδασμῷ τῆς χώρας ἐπεισήγαγε.
Genitive absolute κρατήσαντος ... Πυραίχμου sets the temporal background (‘when Pyraichmus had prevailed’); Ὄξυλος is the subject of ἔσχεν and εἴασεν/ἐπεισήγαγε. The accusatives Ἐπειούς ... and Αἰτωλούς ... are objects/predicative objects in the coordinated clauses; αὑτῶν is reflexive possessive, with antecedent the Epeians.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κρατήσαντος | κρατέω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 8 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κρατήσαντος | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 Πυραίχμου | det | high | |
| 4 | Πυραίχμου | Πύραιχμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 κρατήσαντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 5 | τήν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 7 βασιλείαν | det | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 βασιλείαν | cc | high | Correlative enclitic with the later τε. |
| 7 | βασιλείαν | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 8 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Object of ἔσχεν. |
| 8 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | First coordinated main predicate. |
| 9 | Ὄξυλος | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Shared subject for the coordinated predicates. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 εἴασεν | cc | high | Coordinates the main predicates. |
| 11 | Ἐπειοὺς | Ἐπειός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 εἴασεν | obj | high | Object of εἴασεν. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 13 ἀρχαίους | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχαίους | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 Ἐπειοὺς | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the ancient [Epeians]’. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 16 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 16 ἄλλα | advmod | high | Correlative particle. |
| 16 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 17 εἴασεν | obj | high | Substantivized: ‘the other matters’. |
| 17 | εἴασεν | ἐάω | VERB | V-A ΑΙ-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 8 ἔσχεν | conj | high | Second coordinated main predicate. |
| 18 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 21 μένειν | case | high | With dative τοῖς ...; destination/state. |
| 19 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPN | Case=Dative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 20 αὑτῶν | det | high | |
| 20 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 21 μένειν | nmod:poss | medium | Reflexive possessive referring to the Epeians; form is masculine genitive plural. |
| 21 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 17 εἴασεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of εἴασεν. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 εἴασεν | punct | high | |
| 23 | συνοίκους | σύνοικος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 32 ἐπεισήγαγε | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative with Αἰτωλούς, complement of ἐπεισήγαγε. |
| 24 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἐπεισήγαγε | cc | high | Adversative/continuative connective. |
| 25 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=3 | 23 συνοίκους | obl | high | Dative of association, ‘with them’. |
| 26 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 27 Αἰτωλοὺς | det | high | |
| 27 | Αἰτωλοὺς | Αἰτωλός | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 32 ἐπεισήγαγε | obj | high | Object of ἐπεισήγαγε; also the understood subject of the predicative συνοίκους. |
| 28 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 29 ἀναδασμῷ | case | high | With dative ἀναδασμῷ. |
| 29 | ἀναδασμῷ | ἀναδασμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 32 ἐπεισήγαγε | obl | high | Purpose/circumstance phrase: ‘for redistribution’. |
| 30 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 31 χώρας | det | high | |
| 31 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 29 ἀναδασμῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀναδασμῷ. |
| 32 | ἐπεισήγαγε | ἐπεισάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 17 εἴασεν | conj | high | Coordinated predicate, with shared subject Ὄξυλος. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔσχεν | punct | high |
καὶ Δίῳ τε ἀπένειμε γέρα καὶ ἥρωσι τοῖς τε ἄλλοις κατὰ τὰ ἀρχαῖα ἐφύλαξε τὰς τιμὰς καὶ Αὐγέᾳ τὰ ἐς τὸν ἐναγισμὸν ἔτι καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς αὐτῷ καθεστηκότα.
Coordinated predicates ἀπένειμε and ἐφύλαξε govern two coordinated accusative objects; καθεστηκότα agrees with τὰ, with αὐτῷ as dative of reference/association. The participial phrase after Αὐγέᾳ is syntactically compressed and its attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἀπένειμε | cc | high | |
| 2 | Δίῳ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N--DS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀπένειμε | iobj | medium | Name-form Δίῳ, dative of Ζεύς. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἀπένειμε | cc | high | Correlative enclitic with later τε. |
| 4 | ἀπένειμε | ἀπονέμω | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | γέρα | γέρας | NOUN | N--APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἀπένειμε | obj | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐφύλαξε | cc | high | Coordinates the two finite predicates. |
| 7 | ἥρωσι | ἥρως | NOUN | N--DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐφύλαξε | iobj | high | |
| 8 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P---DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἄλλοις | det | high | |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 ἄλλοις | cc | high | Correlative with τε at token 3. |
| 10 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A---DPM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἥρωσι | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with ἥρωσι. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R | _ | 14 ἐφύλαξε | case | high | |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἀρχαῖα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀρχαῖα | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A---APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 κατὰ | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural after κατά: ‘according to ancient [customs/things]’. |
| 14 | ἐφύλαξε | φυλάσσω | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἀπένειμε | conj | high | |
| 15 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | P---APF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 τιμὰς | det | high | |
| 16 | τιμὰς | τιμή | NOUN | N---APF-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἐφύλαξε | obj | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐφύλαξε | cc | high | Coordinates Αὐγέᾳ with the earlier dative recipients. |
| 18 | Αὐγέᾳ | Αὐγείας | PROPN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐφύλαξε | iobj | medium | Dative proper name; inflectional form may represent Αὐγείᾳ/Αὐγέᾳ. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P---APN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 καθεστηκότα | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 22 ἐναγισμὸν | case | high | |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P---ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐναγισμὸν | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐναγισμὸν | ἐναγισμός | NOUN | N---ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 καθεστηκότα | obl | high | Infinitive-like purpose/domain phrase: ‘as regards the offering of rites’; dependent on καθεστηκότα. |
| 23 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 28 καθεστηκότα | advmod | high | |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinates the two ἐς phrases. |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 26 ἡμᾶς | case | high | |
| 26 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P---AP1-- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 28 καθεστηκότα | obl | high | |
| 27 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P---DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 καθεστηκότα | obl | medium | Dative of reference/association, ‘for him/in relation to him’. |
| 28 | καθεστηκότα | καθίστημι | VERB | V--RAPN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 τὰ | acl | medium | Perfect active participle agreeing with τὰ; compressed predication, likely ‘things established/remaining’. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀπένειμε | punct | high |