Grammar parses for passage 5.4.5
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ Ὄξυλον Λαΐας ἔσχεν ὁ Ὀξύλου τὴν ἀρχήν.
The sentence means that after Oxylus, Laias held the rule/authority of Oxylus; μετὰ takes the accusative, while Ὀξύλου is a genitive dependent on ἀρχήν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Ὄξυλον | case | high | With accusative, temporal/sequential meaning 'after'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ὄξυλον | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔσχεν | obl | high | Accusative object of μετά. |
| 4 | Λαΐας | Λαΐας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Personal name functioning as subject. |
| 5 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, third singular. |
| 6 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ὀξύλου | det | high | Article introducing the genitive name phrase. |
| 7 | Ὀξύλου | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀρχήν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀρχήν: the rule of Oxylus. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀρχήν | det | high | Accusative feminine singular article. |
| 9 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔσχεν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔσχεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
οὐ μὴν τούς γε ἀπογόνους αὐτοῦ βασιλεύοντας εὕρισκον, καὶ σφᾶς ἐπιστάμενος ὅμως παρίημι· οὐ γάρ τί μοι καταβῆναι τὸν λόγον ἠθέλησα ἐς ἄνδρας ἰδιώτας.
The second clause is explanatory: the speaker did not want the account to descend to private men; τι is treated as an uncertain adverbial/indefinite element.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ἄρνησις | Polarity=Neg | 8 εὕρισκον | advmod | high | |
| 2 | μὴν | μήν | PART | μόριον | _ | 8 εὕρισκον | discourse | high | |
| 3 | τούς | ὁ | DET | article-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀπογόνους | det | high | |
| 4 | γε | γε | PART | μόριον | _ | 5 ἀπογόνους | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 5 | ἀπογόνους | ἀπόγονος | NOUN | n-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 εὕρισκον | obj | high | |
| 6 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | p-gen.Sg.Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἀπογόνους | nmod:poss | high | |
| 7 | βασιλεύοντας | βασιλεύω | VERB | v-pres-act-part-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἀπογόνους | acl | high | Predicative participle with ἀπογόνους. |
| 8 | εὕρισκον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | v-imperf-act-ind-1sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εὕρισκον | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | conj | _ | 14 παρίημι | cc | high | |
| 11 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | p-Acc.Pl | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 14 παρίημι | obj | medium | Object of παρίημι; antecedent is the descendants. |
| 12 | ἐπιστάμενος | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | v-pres-mid-part-Nom.Sg.Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 14 παρίημι | advcl | high | Concessive/temporal circumstantial participle. |
| 13 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | adv | _ | 14 παρίημι | advmod | high | |
| 14 | παρίημι | παρίημι | VERB | v-pres-act-ind-1sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 εὕρισκον | conj | high | |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 παρίημι | punct | high | |
| 16 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | ἄρνησις | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἠθέλησα | advmod | high | |
| 17 | γάρ | γάρ | PART | μόριον | _ | 23 ἠθέλησα | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 18 | τί | τις | PRON | p-nom/acc.Sg.Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 20 καταβῆναι | obj | low | Adverbial/indefinite τι; exact syntactic force is uncertain. |
| 19 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | p-dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 23 ἠθέλησα | iobj | medium | Dative of interest with ἠθέλησα. |
| 20 | καταβῆναι | καταβαίνω | VERB | v-aor-act-inf | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 23 ἠθέλησα | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἠθέλησα. |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | article-Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 λόγον | det | high | |
| 22 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | n-Acc.Sg.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 καταβῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object associated with the infinitive. |
| 23 | ἠθέλησα | ἐθέλω | VERB | v-aor-act-ind-1sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 14 παρίημι | parataxis | high | |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | prep-Acc | _ | 25 ἄνδρας | case | high | |
| 25 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | n-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 καταβῆναι | obl | high | Prepositional complement indicating the target/domain of καταβῆναι. |
| 26 | ἰδιώτας | ἰδιώτης | ADJ | a-Acc.Pl.Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἄνδρας | amod | high | |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ἠθέλησα | punct | high |
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον Ἴφιτος, γένος μὲν ὢν ἀπὸ Ὀξύλου, ἡλικίαν δὲ κατὰ Λυκοῦργον τὸν γράψαντα Λακεδαιμονίοις τοὺς νόμους, τὸν ἀγῶνα διέθηκεν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πανήγυρίν τε Ὀλυμπικὴν αὖθις ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐκεχειρίαν κατεστήσατο, ἐκλιπόντα ἐπὶ χρόνον ὁπόσος δὴ οὗτος ἦν·
Main coordination is διέθηκεν ... κατεστήσατο; the final accusative participle ἐκλιπόντα and relative duration clause are syntactically compressed and somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 διέθηκεν | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 διέθηκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 διέθηκεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | Ἴφιτος | Ἴφιτος | PROPN | N-nom-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 διέθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἴφιτος | punct | high | |
| 6 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-nom-sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ὢν | obl | medium | Predicate-like accusative? Appositional nominative with ὤν. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 8 | ὢν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PresActPart-NomMascSing | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 διέθηκεν | advcl | high | |
| 9 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Ὀξύλου | case | high | |
| 10 | Ὀξύλου | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γένος | nmod | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὢν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἡλικίαν | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 γράψαντα | obl | medium | Accusative of respect with κατά. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἡλικίαν | cc | high | |
| 14 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Λυκοῦργον | case | high | |
| 15 | Λυκοῦργον | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἡλικίαν | nmod | high | |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-acc-sg-masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 γράψαντα | det | high | |
| 17 | γράψαντα | γράφω | VERB | V-AorActPart-AccMascSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 15 Λυκοῦργον | acl | high | Substantivized relative participle. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-dat-pl | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 γράψαντα | iobj | high | |
| 19 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-acc-pl-masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 νόμους | det | high | |
| 20 | νόμους | νόμος | NOUN | N-acc-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 γράψαντα | obj | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 γράψαντα | punct | high | |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-acc-sg-masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 διέθηκεν | obj | high | |
| 24 | διέθηκεν | διατίθημι | VERB | V-AorActInd-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 26 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-dat-sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 διέθηκεν | obl | high | |
| 27 | πανήγυρίν | πανήγυρις | NOUN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 κατεστήσατο | obj | high | |
| 28 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 πανήγυρίν | cc | high | |
| 29 | Ὀλυμπικὴν | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | A-acc-sg-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 πανήγυρίν | amod | high | |
| 30 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 35 κατεστήσατο | advmod | high | |
| 31 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 32 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 32 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 κατεστήσατο | obl | high | |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 κατεστήσατο | cc | high | |
| 34 | ἐκεχειρίαν | ἐκεχειρία | NOUN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 35 κατεστήσατο | obj | high | |
| 35 | κατεστήσατο | καθίστημι | VERB | V-AorMidInd-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 24 διέθηκεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 35 κατεστήσατο | punct | high | |
| 37 | ἐκλιπόντα | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-AorActPart-AccMascSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 39 χρόνον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with implied/object referent; temporal duration construction. |
| 38 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 39 χρόνον | case | high | |
| 39 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-acc-sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 διέθηκεν | obl | medium | Duration phrase governed semantically by ἐκλιπόντα. |
| 40 | ὁπόσος | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Correlative relative pronoun, subject of ἦν. |
| 41 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 43 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 42 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-nom-sg-masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 43 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Demonstrative subject, with ὁπόσος as predicative/relative element. |
| 43 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-ImpfActInd-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 39 χρόνον | acl:relcl | medium | Relative clause specifying the duration. |
| 44 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 διέθηκεν | punct | high |
αἰτίαν δὲ διʼ ἥντινα ἐξέλιπε τὰ Ὀλύμπια, ἐν τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τοῦ λόγου δηλώσω.
The relative clause διʼ ἥντινα ἐξέλιπε τὰ Ὀλύμπια modifies αἰτίαν; ἐν τοῖς ἔχουσιν ἐς Ὀλυμπίαν τοῦ λόγου is a compressed reference to the relevant discussion, with τοῦ λόγου dependent on ἔχουσιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 δηλώσω | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 δηλώσω | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | διʼ | διά | ADP | P-------- | _ | 4 ἥντινα | case | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 4 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | PRON | P----AFS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐξέλιπε | obl | high | Indefinite relative pronoun; object of διά. |
| 5 | ἐξέλιπε | ἐκλείπω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 αἰτίαν | acl:rel | high | Relative-clause predicate. |
| 6 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 Ὀλύμπια | det | high | |
| 7 | Ὀλύμπια | Ὀλύμπια | PROPN | Neut-Acc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 5 ἐξέλιπε | nsubj | high | Name of the Olympic games. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξέλιπε | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P-------- | _ | 10 τοῖς | case | high | |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔχουσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized article with ἔχουσιν. |
| 11 | ἔχουσιν | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 δηλώσω | obl | medium | Substantivized participle, literally 'in those having/containing'; construction is compressed. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P-------- | _ | 13 Ὀλυμπίαν | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπίαν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχουσιν | obl | medium | Goal/place complement within the substantivized participial phrase. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 λόγου | det | high | |
| 15 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔχουσιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἔχουσιν; idiomatic/compressed phrase. |
| 16 | δηλώσω | δηλόω | VERB | V-FAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 δηλώσω | punct | high |