Grammar parses for passage 5.6.2
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐρείπια τὰ Ἀρήνης σαφῶς μὲν οὔτε Μεσσηνίων εἶχεν οὐδεὶς οὔτε Ἠλείων ἀποφῆναί μοι· διάφορα δὲ ὑπὲρ αὐτῆς καὶ οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ πάρεστι τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν εἰκάζειν, πιθανώτατα δὲ ἐφαίνοντό μοι λέγειν οἱ τὸ Σαμικὸν τὰ παλαιότερα ἔτι καὶ τὰ ἐπὶ τῶν ἡρώων Ἀρήνην καλεῖσθαι νομίζοντες.
Two coordinated clauses are analyzed: εἶχεν governs οὐδείς with coordinated genitive subjects/possessors and ἀποφῆναι as a complementary infinitive; πάρεστι governs the dative group τοῖς ἐθέλουσιν εἰκάζειν, while ἐφαίνοντο λέγειν is followed by an accusative-and-infinitive construction with οἱ ... νομίζοντες as the apparent subject of λέγειν. Some attachment choices, especially Ἀρήνης and the participial infinitives, are necessarily interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἐρείπια | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐρείπια | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | N-----NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 εἶχεν | obj | high | Object of εἶχεν. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 ἐρείπια | det | high | Article introducing the attributive/genitival place name phrase. |
| 5 | Ἀρήνης | Ἀρήνη | PROPN | Ne-----G-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐρείπια | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐρείπια; the repeated article may mark an attributive place-name phrase. |
| 6 | σαφῶς | σαφῶς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 14 ἀποφῆναί | advmod | medium | Scope is the negative assertion εἶχεν ... ἀποφῆναι. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 εἶχεν | discourse | high | |
| 8 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Μεσσηνίων | cc | high | |
| 9 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne-----G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἶχεν | nmod | medium | Genitive group coordinated with Ἠλείων; plausibly ‘of the Messenians’. |
| 10 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3SIAI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the first clause. |
| 11 | οὐδεὶς | οὐδείς | PRON | P-----NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 10 εἶχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἶχεν. |
| 12 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 Ἠλείων | cc | high | |
| 13 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | Ne-----G-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἶχεν | nmod | medium | Second coordinated genitive group. |
| 14 | ἀποφῆναί | ἀποφαίνω | VERB | V--AMN---- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 εἶχεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive, with μοι as dative experiencer/addressee. |
| 15 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-----D-S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 14 ἀποφῆναί | iobj | medium | Dative with ἀποφῆναι, ‘to me’. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 10 εἶχεν | punct | high | |
| 17 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A-----NPA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 πάρεστι | nsubj | high | Neuter plural substantive subject of πάρεστι. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 πάρεστι | cc | high | |
| 19 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 20 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 17 διάφορα | nmod | high | Object of ὑπέρ. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 διάφορα | cc | medium | Coordinates διάφορα with the following predicate phrase. |
| 22 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 24 ταὐτὰ | advmod | high | |
| 23 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 24 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-----APA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 25 πάρεστι | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘in the same way’. |
| 25 | πάρεστι | πάρειμι | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the second clause; coordination with the preceding clause is discourse-level. |
| 26 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 ἐθέλουσιν | det | high | |
| 27 | ἐθέλουσιν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V--PAPDPM | Aspect=Pres|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 πάρεστι | obl | high | Substantive dative participle, ‘for those wishing’. |
| 28 | εἰκάζειν | εἰκάζω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 27 ἐθέλουσιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on ἐθέλουσιν. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 25 πάρεστι | punct | high | |
| 30 | πιθανώτατα | πιθανός | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 32 ἐφαίνοντό | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying λέγειν. |
| 31 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 32 ἐφαίνοντό | cc | high | |
| 32 | ἐφαίνοντό | φαίνομαι | VERB | V3PIEI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 25 πάρεστι | conj | medium | Coordinated finite verb; middle/passive form has evidential ‘seemed’ sense. |
| 33 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-----D-S | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 32 ἐφαίνοντό | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer with ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 34 | λέγειν | λέγω | VERB | V--PAN---- | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 32 ἐφαίνοντό | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἐφαίνοντο. |
| 35 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 48 νομίζοντες | det | high | Article substantivizing νομίζοντες. |
| 36 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 37 Σαμικὸν | det | high | |
| 37 | Σαμικὸν | Σαμικόν | PROPN | Ne-----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 46 Ἀρήνην | obj | medium | Place-name used substantivally; object of the naming/considering construction. |
| 38 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 39 παλαιότερα | det | high | |
| 39 | παλαιότερα | παλαιός | ADJ | A-----NPA | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 46 Ἀρήνην | obj | medium | Substantive accusative, coordinated with the following τὰ ... Ἀρήνην phrase; attachment is uncertain. |
| 40 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 39 παλαιότερα | advmod | high | |
| 41 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 42 τὰ | cc | high | |
| 42 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 46 Ἀρήνην | det | medium | Begins the second accusative noun phrase. |
| 43 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 45 ἡρώων | case | high | |
| 44 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 45 ἡρώων | det | high | |
| 45 | ἡρώων | ἥρως | NOUN | N-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 42 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive object of ἐπί in the temporal phrase. |
| 46 | Ἀρήνην | Ἀρήνη | PROPN | Ne-----A-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 47 καλεῖσθαι | obj | high | Object of καλεῖσθαι in the naming construction. |
| 47 | καλεῖσθαι | καλέω | VERB | V--PMN---- | Aspect=Pres|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 48 νομίζοντες | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on νομίζοντες; passive/middle ‘be called’. |
| 48 | νομίζοντες | νομίζω | VERB | V-PNAPNM-- | Aspect=Pres|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 34 λέγειν | nsubj | medium | Substantive participle, subject of λέγειν; governs the infinitive καλεῖσθαι. |
| 49 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 25 πάρεστι | punct | high |
οὗτοι δὲ καὶ ἔπη τῶν ἐν Ἰλιάδι ἔλεγον·
The phrase τῶν ἐν Ἰλιάδι is a genitive dependent on ἔπη, meaning roughly ‘verses/passages in the Iliad’; τῶν is an article with substantivized, elided/implicit participial syntax.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτοι | οὗτος | PRON | PDm-Nmp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 8 ἔλεγον | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἔλεγον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἔπη | advmod | medium | Coordinating/additive καί; analyzed as modifying the object phrase. |
| 4 | ἔπη | ἔπος | NOUN | N-Anp | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἔλεγον | obj | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gpn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 ἔπη | nmod | high | Article introducing a substantivized genitive participial phrase; the participle is implicit in this tokenization. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Ἰλιάδι | case | high | |
| 7 | Ἰλιάδι | Ἰλιάς | PROPN | N-Lsf | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἔπη | nmod | high | Dative form governed by ἐν; UD uses obl/nmod attachment to the nominal referent. |
| 8 | ἔλεγον | λέγω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔλεγον | punct | high |
ἔστι δέ τις ποταμὸς Μινυήιος εἰς ἅλα βάλλων ἐγγύθεν Ἀρήνης.
Existential ἔστι with postposed subject ποταμός; βάλλων is a participial modifier of ποταμός, and Ἀρήνης is a genitive of separation/source with ἐγγύθεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | τις | τις | DET | PX-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 4 ποταμὸς | det | high | Indefinite determiner. |
| 4 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | Μινυήιος | Μινυήιος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ποταμὸς | amod | high | Ethnic/geographical adjective. |
| 6 | εἰς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 ἅλα | case | high | |
| 7 | ἅλα | ἅλς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βάλλων | obl | high | Accusative object of motion/direction with εἰς. |
| 8 | βάλλων | βάλλω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ποταμὸς | acl | high | Present active participle agreeing with ποταμός; ‘flowing/discharging into’. |
| 9 | ἐγγύθεν | ἐγγύθεν | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 Ἀρήνης | advmod | medium | Adverb governing a genitive of source/separation; attachment to Ἀρήνης reflects the phrase ἐγγύθεν Ἀρήνης. |
| 10 | Ἀρήνης | Ἀρήνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βάλλων | obl | medium | Genitive of source/separation with ἐγγύθεν; syntactically dependent on the participial clause. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high |
Hom. Il. 11.722-3
This is a bibliographic citation, not a Greek clause; the citation is tokenized into individual Latin-letter fragments and reference numbers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | H | H | X | _ | _ | 8 11.722 | flat | low | Fragment of the citation label 'Hom.'; tokenization splits the Latin abbreviation. |
| 2 | o | o | X | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Fragment of the citation label 'Hom.'; tokenization splits the Latin abbreviation. |
| 3 | m | m | X | _ | _ | 1 H | flat | low | Fragment of the citation label 'Hom.'; tokenization splits the Latin abbreviation. |
| 4 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 H | punct | high | |
| 5 | I | I | X | _ | _ | 8 11.722 | flat | low | Fragment of the citation label 'Il.'; tokenization splits the Latin abbreviation. |
| 6 | l | l | X | _ | _ | 5 I | flat | low | Fragment of the citation label 'Il.'; tokenization splits the Latin abbreviation. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 I | punct | high | |
| 8 | 11.722 | 11.722 | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Citation reference rather than an ordinary Ancient Greek numeral phrase. |
| 9 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 11.722 | punct | high | |
| 10 | 3 | 3 | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 8 11.722 | nummod | medium | Second part of the citation range; analyzed as a numeral modifying the first reference. |