Grammar parses for passage 5.6.4
Open translation for this passage
μετὰ δὲ τὸν Ἄνιγρον ὁδεύσαντι ἐπὶ μακρότερον διὰ χωρίου τὰ πλείονα ὑποψάμμου καὶ ἔχοντος δένδρα πίτυς ἀγρίας, ὀπίσω ἐς ἀριστερὰ Σκιλλοῦντος ὄψει ἐρείπια.
The sentence is built around the future finite verb ὄψει, with preceding participial phrases (ὁδεύσαντι, ἔχοντος) and several adverbial/prepositional modifiers describing the route and location.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | _ | 5 ὁδεύσαντι | case | high | Takes accusative phrase τὸν Ἄνιγρον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ὁδεύσαντι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἄνιγρον | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 4 | Ἄνιγρον | Ἄνιγρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὁδεύσαντι | obj | high | Object of ὁδεύσαντι within the prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | ὁδεύσαντι | ὁδεύω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ὄψει | advcl | high | Dative participle agreeing with implied traveler. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 7 μακρότερον | case | high | Marks extent/direction with comparative adverb. |
| 7 | μακρότερον | μακρός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ὄψει | obl | medium | Likely adverbial accusative of extent with ἐπί. |
| 8 | διὰ | διά | ADP | _ | _ | 9 χωρίου | case | high | With genitive χωρίου. |
| 9 | χωρίου | χωρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 μακρότερον | nmod | high | Governed by διά. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 πλείονα | det | high | Article with πλείονα. |
| 11 | πλείονα | πολύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχοντος | obj | medium | May be substantivized; construed as object of ἔχοντος or ellipted noun phrase. |
| 12 | ὑποψάμμου | ὑπόψαμμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πλείονα | nmod | medium | Genitive descriptive modifier, reading uncertain. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 14 ἔχοντος | cc | high | Coordinates with prior participial modifier. |
| 14 | ἔχοντος | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 23 ὄψει | advcl | high | Genitive participle agreeing with implicit subject of the path description. |
| 15 | δένδρα | δένδρον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔχοντος | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντος. |
| 16 | πίτυς | πίτυς | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 δένδρα | nmod | medium | Likely genitive modifier meaning 'of wild pines'. |
| 17 | ἀγρίας | ἄγριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πίτυς | amod | high | Agrees with πίτυς. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ὄψει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 19 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | _ | _ | 23 ὄψει | advmod | high | Directional adverb modifying ὄψει. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 21 ἀριστερὰ | case | high | Preposition with ἀριστερὰ. |
| 21 | ἀριστερὰ | ἀριστερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ὄψει | obl | medium | Adverbial accusative, 'to the left'. |
| 22 | Σκιλλοῦντος | Σκιλλοῦς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀριστερὰ | nmod | high | Genitive proper name modifying ἀριστερὰ/directional phrase. |
| 23 | ὄψει | ὁράω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future of ὁράω used as narration 'you will see'. |
| 24 | ἐρείπια | ἐρείπιον | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ὄψει | obj | high | Direct object of ὄψει. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ὄψει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τῶν μὲν δὴ πόλεων ἦν τῶν ἐν τῇ Τριφυλίᾳ καὶ Σκιλλοῦς·
Elliptical genitive/partitive construction with ἦν; the coordinated place names after ἐν are somewhat difficult, especially the case/attachment of Σκιλλοῦς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Px-? | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 πόλεων | det | high | Article modifying πόλεων. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 τῶν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 5 ἦν | discourse | high | Enclitic particle. |
| 4 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-P---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Genitive subject with ἦν in partitive/genitive construction. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SIA-- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Px-? | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Σκιλλοῦς | det | high | Article modifying Σκιλλοῦς if taken as a place name; otherwise part of ellipsis. |
| 7 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 Σκιλλοῦς | case | high | Preposition introducing local phrase. |
| 8 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Px-? | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Τριφυλίᾳ | det | high | Article modifying Τριφυλίᾳ. |
| 9 | Τριφυλίᾳ | Τριφυλία | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Σκιλλοῦς | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 Σκιλλοῦς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 11 | Σκιλλοῦς | Σκιλλοῦς | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Likely coordinated with Τριφυλίᾳ under omitted ἐν; case is uncertain from form. |
| 12 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἐπὶ δὲ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ Πισαίων πρὸς Ἠλείους ἐπίκουροί τε Πισαίων οἱ Σκιλλούντιοι καὶ διάφοροι τοῖς Ἠλείοις ἦσαν ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ, καὶ σφᾶς οἱ Ἠλεῖοι τούτων ἕνεκα ἐποίησαν ἀναστάτους.
The syntax is a main copular clause with a coordinated verbal clause; the initial prepositional phrase modifies the noun πολέμου, while the second clause has ἐποίησαν with a predicative complement ἀναστάτους.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 4 πολέμου | case | high | Governed by τοῦ πολέμου. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πολέμου | det | high | Article with πολέμου. |
| 4 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἦσαν | obl | high | Genitive object of ἐπὶ. |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Πισαίων | det | high | Article with Πισαίων. |
| 6 | Πισαίων | Πισᾶται | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 4 πολέμου | nmod | medium | Proper name used as ethnonym; genitive modifier of πολέμου. |
| 7 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 8 Ἠλείους | case | high | Introduces comparison/opposition phrase. |
| 8 | Ἠλείους | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 πολέμου | nmod | medium | Object of πρός; dependent on πολέμου phrase. |
| 9 | ἐπίκουροί | ἐπίκουρος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with omitted/copular subject. |
| 10 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἐπίκουροί | cc | high | Correlative connective. |
| 11 | Πισαίων | Πισᾶται | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπίκουροί | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἐπίκουροί. |
| 12 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Σκιλλούντιοι | det | high | Article with Σκιλλούντιοι. |
| 13 | Σκιλλούντιοι | Σκιλλούντιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 διάφοροι | cc | high | Links coordinated predicate adjectives. |
| 15 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with ἦσαν. |
| 16 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Ἠλείοις | det | high | Article with Ἠλείοις. |
| 17 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 διάφοροι | obl | medium | Dative complement of διάφοροι. |
| 18 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 19 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | AdpType=Prep | 21 φανεροῦ | case | high | Introduces source phrase. |
| 20 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 φανεροῦ | det | high | Article with φανεροῦ. |
| 21 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἦσαν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective after ἐκ. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἦσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 29 ἐποίησαν | cc | high | Connects second clause. |
| 24 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 29 ἐποίησαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐποίησαν. |
| 25 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 Ἠλεῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἠλεῖοι. |
| 26 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐποίησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐποίησαν. |
| 27 | τούτων | οὗτος | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 28 ἕνεκα | det | medium | Demonstrative modifying ἕνεκα. |
| 28 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | _ | AdpType=Post | 29 ἐποίησαν | obl | high | Postposition meaning 'because of'. |
| 29 | ἐποίησαν | ποιέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 18 ἦσαν | conj | high | Coordinated verb with ἦσαν. |
| 30 | ἀναστάτους | ἀναστάτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἐποίησαν | xcomp | high | Predicative complement of ἐποίησαν. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἦσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |