Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.7.1

← 5.6.8 5.7.2 →

Passage 5.7.1

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

94Greek tokens

2,660input tokens

6,703output tokens

Sentence 2

5.7.1 sentence 2

Tokens: 58
Input: 1,172
Output: 3,990
Total: 5,162

διὰ Μεγάλης μέν γε πόλεως Ἑλισσὼν ἐρχόμενος ἐκδίδωσιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν, Βρενθεάτης δὲ ἐκ τῆς Μεγαλοπολιτῶν γῆς, παρὰ δὲ Γόρτυναν ἔνθα ἱερὸν Ἀσκληπιοῦ, παρὰ δὴ ταῦτα Γορτύνιος ῥέων, ἐκ δὲ Μελαινεῶν Βουφάγος τῆς Μεγαλοπολίτιδος μεταξὺ καὶ Ἡραιίτιδος χώρας, ἐκ δὲ τῆς Κλειτορίων Λάδων, ἐκ δὲ Ἐρυμάνθου τοῦ ὄρους ὁμώνυμος τῷ ὄρει.

Elliptical catalogue of rivers and their sources/courses; ἐκδίδωσιν is the finite root, while later nominatives are coordinated subjects/predicative river names with omitted finite verbs. Token 6 is the river name Ἑλισσών; token 7 is a circumstantial participle agreeing with an implicit/understood subject. The final ὁμώνυμος is predicated of Λάδων with dative τῷ ὄρει.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	διὰ	διά	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	5 πόλεως	case	high
2	Μεγάλης	μέγας	ADJ	A-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 πόλεως	amod	high	Agrees with πόλεως.
3	μέν	μέν	PART	G---------	_	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	discourse	high	Correlative μέν ... δέ.
4	γε	γε	PART	G---------	_	3 μέν	advmod:emph	high
5	πόλεως	πόλις	NOUN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Ἑλισσὼν	nmod	high	Genitive with ἐκδίδωσιν/ἐρχόμενος phrase.
6	Ἑλισσὼν	Ἑλισσών	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	nsubj	medium	River name; nominative subject of ἐκδίδωσιν.
7	ἐρχόμενος	ἔρχομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, agreement with the river/implicit subject.
8	ἐκδίδωσιν	ἐκδίδωμι	VERB	V-PIA-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate: flows/emerges into.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	11 Ἀλφειόν	case	high
10	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 Ἀλφειόν	det	high
11	Ἀλφειόν	Ἀλφειός	PROPN	N-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	obl	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	punct	high
13	Βρενθεάτης	Βρενθεάτης	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	conj	medium	Coordinated catalogue subject; finite predicate is elided.
14	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G---------	_	13 Βρενθεάτης	cc	high
15	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	18 γῆς	case	high
16	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	18 γῆς	det	high
17	Μεγαλοπολιτῶν	Μεγαλοπολίτης	PROPN	N-P---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 γῆς	nmod	high	Ethnic place-name in attributive genitive.
18	γῆς	γῆ	NOUN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Βρενθεάτης	obl	high
19	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 Βρενθεάτης	punct	high
20	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	22 Γόρτυναν	case	high
21	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G---------	_	30 Γορτύνιος	cc	high	Connects the next catalogue member.
22	Γόρτυναν	Γόρτυς	PROPN	N-S---FA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Βρενθεάτης	conj	medium	Accusative governed by παρά; catalogue syntax is elliptical.
23	ἔνθα	ἔνθα	ADV	D---------	PronType=Rel	24 ἱερὸν	advmod	medium	Locative relative adverb introducing the explanatory clause.
24	ἱερὸν	ἱερός	ADJ	A-S---NN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 ἔνθα	orphan	low	Elliptical phrase, likely ‘where [there is] a sanctuary’; case may be nominative/accusative neuter.
25	Ἀσκληπιοῦ	Ἀσκληπιός	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἱερὸν	nmod	high
26	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	22 Γόρτυναν	punct	high
27	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	29 ταῦτα	case	high	Likely ‘alongside/beyond these’ with ταῦτα.
28	δὴ	δή	PART	G---------	_	29 ταῦτα	advmod	high
29	ταῦτα	οὗτος	PRON	D-P---NA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	30 Γορτύνιος	obl	medium	Accusative demonstrative governed by παρά.
30	Γορτύνιος	Γορτύνιος	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Βρενθεάτης	conj	medium	Another catalogue river name; predicate elided.
31	ῥέων	ῥέω	VERB	V-PAP-NMS-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	30 Γορτύνιος	acl	high	Attributive/circumstantial ‘flowing’.
32	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	30 Γορτύνιος	punct	high
33	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	35 Μελαινεῶν	case	high
34	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G---------	_	36 Βουφάγος	cc	high
35	Μελαινεῶν	Μελαινεαί	PROPN	N-P---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	36 Βουφάγος	nmod	medium	Place-name in genitive after ἐκ.
36	Βουφάγος	Βουφάγος	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	conj	medium	Catalogue subject with omitted finite predicate.
37	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	38 Μεγαλοπολίτιδος	det	high
38	Μεγαλοπολίτιδος	Μεγαλοπολῖτις	PROPN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 χώρας	nmod	high	Agrees semantically with χώρας.
39	μεταξὺ	μεταξύ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	42 χώρας	case	high
40	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	41 Ἡραιίτιδος	cc	high
41	Ἡραιίτιδος	Ἡραιῖτις	PROPN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	42 χώρας	nmod	high	Second complement of μεταξύ.
42	χώρας	χώρα	NOUN	N-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 Βουφάγος	obl	high
43	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	36 Βουφάγος	punct	high
44	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	47 Κλειτορίων	case	high
45	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G---------	_	48 Λάδων	cc	high
46	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-S---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	47 Κλειτορίων	det	high
47	Κλειτορίων	Κλειτόριος	PROPN	N-P---FG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	48 Λάδων	nmod	high	Place-name modifying an understood χώρας/γῆς.
48	Λάδων	Λάδων	PROPN	N-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	conj	medium	Catalogue river name; finite predicate elided.
49	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	48 Λάδων	punct	high
50	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	AdpType=Prep	52 Ἐρυμάνθου	case	high
51	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	G---------	_	55 ὁμώνυμος	cc	high
52	Ἐρυμάνθου	Ἐρύμανθος	PROPN	N-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	54 ὄρους	nmod	high
53	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	54 ὄρους	det	high
54	ὄρους	ὄρος	NOUN	N-S---NG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	55 ὁμώνυμος	nmod	high	Genitive phrase ‘of Mount Erymanthus’.
55	ὁμώνυμος	ὁμώνυμος	ADJ	A-S---MN-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	48 Λάδων	appos	medium	Predicative/appositional adjective identifying Λάδων as namesake of the mountain.
56	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-S---MD-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	57 ὄρει	det	high
57	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	N-S---ND-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	55 ὁμώνυμος	obl	high	Dative complement of ὁμώνυμος.
58	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐκδίδωσιν	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.7.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 20
Input: 764
Output: 1,408
Total: 2,172

οὗτοι μὲν ἐξ Ἀρκαδίας κατίασιν ἐς τὸν Ἀλφειόν, Κλάδεος δὲ ἐρχόμενος ἐκ τῆς Ἠλείας συμμίσγει οἱ τὸ ῥεῦμα·

The second clause coordinates with the first; Κλάδεος is the subject of συμμίσγει, with ἐρχόμενος as a circumstantial participle. The dative οἱ is syntactically somewhat uncertain, likely identifying the river into which the stream joins.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὗτοι	οὗτος	PRON	PD-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	5 κατίασιν	nsubj	high
2	μὲν	μέν	PART	GPT	_	5 κατίασιν	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
3	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	4 Ἀρκαδίας	case	high
4	Ἀρκαδίας	Ἀρκαδία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 κατίασιν	obl	high
5	κατίασιν	κάτειμι	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Present form meaning 'flow/go down'.
6	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	8 Ἀλφειόν	case	high
7	τὸν	ὁ	DET	DA-SM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	8 Ἀλφειόν	det	high
8	Ἀλφειόν	Ἀλφειός	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 κατίασιν	obl	high
9	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	5 κατίασιν	punct	high
10	Κλάδεος	Κλάδεος	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 συμμίσγει	nsubj	high	Subject of συμμίσγει.
11	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-G	_	16 συμμίσγει	cc	high	Contrasting/coordinating particle.
12	ἐρχόμενος	ἔρχομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	16 συμμίσγει	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, agreeing with Κλάδεος.
13	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	15 Ἠλείας	case	high
14	τῆς	ὁ	DET	DG-SF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 Ἠλείας	det	high
15	Ἠλείας	Ἠλεία	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἐρχόμενος	obl	high
16	συμμίσγει	συμμίγνυμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	5 κατίασιν	conj	high	Second coordinated predicate.
17	οἱ	οἱ	PRON	RP-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	16 συμμίσγει	iobj	medium	Dative pronoun, likely referring to the Alpheios; text may represent the river's dative complement.
18	τὸ	ὁ	DET	DA-SN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	19 ῥεῦμα	det	high
19	ῥεῦμα	ῥεῦμα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	16 συμμίσγει	obj	high
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	16 συμμίσγει	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.7.1 sentence 4

Tokens: 16
Input: 724
Output: 1,305
Total: 2,029

αὐτῷ δὲ ἐν τῇ Ἀρκάδων τῷ Ἀλφειῷ καὶ οὐχὶ ἐκ τῆς Ἠλείας εἰσὶν αἱ πηγαί.

The copular clause has αἱ πηγαί as subject and εἰσίν as root; αὐτῷ is a dative demonstrative referring to the preceding Alpheus context, while τῷ Ἀλφειῷ is coordinated with the locative phrase and likely names the river. The syntax of ἐν τῇ Ἀρκάδων is somewhat compressed/elliptical; Ἀρκάδων is genitive plural modifying an understood noun or functioning substantivally.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	αὐτῷ	αὐτός	PRON	pd-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	13 εἰσὶν	obl	medium	Dative demonstrative, likely referring to the previously mentioned Alpheus or context; exact semantic role is compressed.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	13 εἰσὶν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	--------	_	4 τῇ	case	high	Introduces a locative phrase.
4	τῇ	ὁ	DET	da-s---fd-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Ἀρκάδων	det	high	Article with an elliptic or substantivized feminine expression.
5	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	ne-p---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Proper=Yes	4 τῇ	nmod	medium	Genitive plural ethnic name; likely modifies an understood place noun after τῇ.
6	τῷ	ὁ	DET	da-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 Ἀλφειῷ	det	high	Article with Ἀλφειῷ.
7	Ἀλφειῷ	Ἀλφειός	PROPN	ne-s---md-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Proper=Yes	4 τῇ	conj	medium	Dative proper name, coordinated with the preceding dative/locative expression; exact attachment is compressed.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	13 εἰσὶν	cc	high	Coordinates the positive and negative source/location phrases.
9	οὐχὶ	οὐχί	PART	d--------	Polarity=Neg	10 ἐκ	advmod	high	Emphatic negative particle before ἐκ.
10	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	--------	_	12 Ἠλείας	case	high	Introduces source phrase.
11	τῆς	ὁ	DET	da-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 Ἠλείας	det	high	Article with Ἠλείας.
12	Ἠλείας	Ἠλεία	PROPN	ne-s---fg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Proper=Yes	13 εἰσὶν	obl	high	Genitive proper name governed by ἐκ.
13	εἰσὶν	εἰμί	VERB	v3ppia---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Present copula; plural agrees with αἱ πηγαί.
14	αἱ	ὁ	DET	da-p---fn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	15 πηγαί	det	high	Article with πηγαί.
15	πηγαί	πηγή	NOUN	n-fp---fn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	13 εἰσὶν	nsubj	high	Subject of εἰσίν.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	13 εἰσὶν	punct	high

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