Grammar parses for passage 5.8.3
Open translation for this passage
ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Αὐγέας καὶ Ἡρακλῆς ὁ Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἑλὼν Ἦλιν·
The sentence has a coordinated subject-like sequence: Heracles, with patronymic apposition, is the understood agent of ἑλών and the subject of ἔθηκε; Αὐγέας is coordinated in the object/topic phrase, though the exact construction is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔθηκε | τίθημι | VERB | V-3AAI-S-- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔθηκε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 Αὐγέας | advmod | medium | Additive particle modifying the coordinated naming/construction. |
| 4 | Αὐγέας | Αὐγέας | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθηκε | conj | medium | Proper name; coordinated with Ἡρακλῆς, with elliptical syntactic relation under ἔθηκε. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Ἡρακλῆς | cc | high | |
| 6 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθηκε | conj | high | Coordinated nominative proper name. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--MSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀμφιτρύωνος | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀμφιτρύωνος | Ἀμφιτρύων | PROPN | N--MSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἡρακλῆς | appos | high | Patronymic genitive with article, appositional to Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 9 | ἑλὼν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-2AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 6 Ἡρακλῆς | advcl | high | Circumstantial/temporal participle, subject coreferential with Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 10 | Ἦλιν | Ἦλις | PROPN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἑλὼν | obj | high | Object of ἑλών. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθηκε | punct | high |
ὁπόσους δὲ ἐστεφάνωσεν οὗτος νικῶντας, ἔστιν Ἰόλαος ταῖς Ἡρακλέους δραμὼν ἵπποις.
Relative clause ὁπόσους ... ἐστεφάνωσεν has fronted object ὁπόσους, resumed by νικῶντας; οὗτος is the subject of ἐστεφάνωσεν and Ἰόλαος the subject of ἔστιν, with δραμών agreeing with Ἰόλαος and ταῖς ... ἵπποις indicating the horses on which he ran. The copular predicate is elliptical/semantically identificational: Ἰόλαος is the one who ran with Heracles’ horses.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσους | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A-????-AM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 3 ἐστεφάνωσεν | obj | high | Relativized/fronted object of ἐστεφάνωσεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 3 ἐστεφάνωσεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστεφάνωσεν | στεφανόω | VERB | V-????-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔστιν | advcl | medium | Finite verb of the relative clause; exact traditional tag is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P-S---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ἐστεφάνωσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστεφάνωσεν. |
| 5 | νικῶντας | νικάω | VERB | V-PAP-AMA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστεφάνωσεν | xcomp | medium | Accusative participle predicated of the fronted object ὁπόσους; construed with the act of crowning as winners. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστεφάνωσεν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/identificational main predicate; Ἰόλαος is its subject. |
| 8 | Ἰόλαος | Ἰόλαος | PROPN | NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject of the copular clause. |
| 9 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | S-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ἵπποις | det | high | Article agreeing with ἵπποις. |
| 10 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἵπποις | nmod | high | Possessive genitive modifying ἵπποις. |
| 11 | δραμὼν | τρέχω | VERB | V-2AAP-NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 ἔστιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἰόλαος; δραμών is second-aorist participle of τρέχω. |
| 12 | ἵπποις | ἵππος | NOUN | N-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 δραμὼν | obl | medium | Dative with δραμών, likely means running with/on the horses; exact semantic relation is context-dependent. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔστιν | punct | high |
ἦν δὲ ἄρα ἐκ παλαιοῦ καθεστηκὸς ἀγωνίζεσθαι καὶ ἀλλοτρίαις ἵπποις·
Impersonal ἦν with predicative καθεστηκός governs the infinitive ἀγωνίζεσθαι; ἐκ παλαιοῦ is an adverbial temporal phrase, and ἀλλοτρίαις ἵπποις is a dative instrumental phrase. The parsing of καθεστηκός as a neuter singular participle is high-confidence, though its exact predicative attachment is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal existential/copular verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | D | _ | 1 ἦν | discourse | medium | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 5 παλαιοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 5 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 καθεστηκὸς | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter genitive, temporal: ‘from old times’; exact ellipsis is implicit. |
| 6 | καθεστηκὸς | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RPNSNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 1 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Neuter singular perfect active participle, predicative with elliptical subject/construction. |
| 7 | ἀγωνίζεσθαι | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 6 καθεστηκὸς | xcomp | high | Present middle infinitive dependent on the participial predicate. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 ἀγωνίζεσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second instrumental phrase. |
| 9 | ἀλλοτρίαις | ἀλλότριος | ADJ | A-SFP-D- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἵπποις | amod | high | Adjective agreeing with ἵπποις. |
| 10 | ἵπποις | ἵππος | NOUN | N-FPD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγωνίζεσθαι | obl | high | Dative instrumental: ‘with чужие/others’ horses’. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἦν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Ὅμηρος γοῦν ἐν ἄθλοις τεθεῖσιν ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πεποίηκεν ὡς Μενέλαος Αἴθῃ τῇ Ἀγαμέμνονος, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ χρήσαιτο τῶν ἵππων οἰκείῳ.
The content clause under ὡς is headed by χρήσαιτο; Αἴθῃ τῇ Ἀγαμέμνονος is morphologically and textually difficult, so its analysis is marked uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | γοῦν | γοῦν | PART | D--------- | _ | 8 πεποίηκεν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 4 ἄθλοις | case | high | |
| 4 | ἄθλοις | ἆθλος | NOUN | N----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τεθεῖσιν | obl | medium | Dative with τεθεῖσιν, referring to the contests. |
| 5 | τεθεῖσιν | τίθημι | VERB | V-RAP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 8 πεποίηκεν | acl | high | |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 7 Πατρόκλῳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Πατρόκλῳ | Πάτροκλος | PROPN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τεθεῖσιν | obl | high | ἐπὶ with dative: in honor of Patroclus. |
| 8 | πεποίηκεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-RAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 χρήσαιτο | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 10 | Μενέλαος | Μενέλαος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσαιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | Αἴθῃ | Αἴθη | PROPN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσαιτο | iobj | low | Proper name morphology is textually uncertain; likely a dative participant/recipient with χρήσαιτο. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | S----DF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀγαμέμνονος | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀγαμέμνονος | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | N----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Αἴθῃ | nmod | medium | Genitive in the proper-name phrase; surface agreement with τῇ is not expected if Αἴθῃ is a name. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 χρήσαιτο | punct | high | |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S----DSM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἑτέρῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 18 χρήσαιτο | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἑτέρῳ | ἕτερος | ADJ | A----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσαιτο | obl | high | Substantivized dative, ‘the other [horse]’. |
| 18 | χρήσαιτο | χράομαι | VERB | V-2AO-M-3S- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 πεποίηκεν | ccomp | high | Optative in the ὡς content clause; subject is Μενέλαος. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GPM---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 20 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἑτέρῳ | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with ἑτέρῳ. |
| 21 | οἰκείῳ | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἑτέρῳ | amod | high | Agrees with substantivized ἑτέρῳ. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηκεν | punct | high |