Grammar parses for passage 5.8.3
Open translation for this passage
ἔθηκε δὲ καὶ Αὐγέας καὶ Ἡρακλῆς ὁ Ἀμφιτρύωνος ἑλὼν Ἦλιν·
The syntax is elliptical and somewhat loose: two nominative names are coordinated/juxtaposed with the finite verb, and ἑλὼν introduces a participial circumstance attached to Ἡρακλῆς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔθηκε | τίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἔθηκε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Αὐγέας | cc | medium | Likely coordinates the two subjects or clauses. |
| 4 | Αὐγέας | Αὐγείας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔθηκε. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Ἡρακλῆς | cc | high | Coordinates the second subject. |
| 6 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔθηκε | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀμφιτρύωνος | det | high | Article introducing the patronymic. |
| 8 | Ἀμφιτρύωνος | Ἀμφιτρύων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἡρακλῆς | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic modifying Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 9 | ἑλὼν | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Ἡρακλῆς | advcl | medium | Adverbial participle, likely attendant circumstance to Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 10 | Ἦλιν | Ἦλις | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἑλὼν | obj | high | Direct object of ἑλὼν. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔθηκε | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ἦν δὲ ἄρα ἐκ παλαιοῦ καθεστηκὸς ἀγωνίζεσθαι καὶ ἀλλοτρίαις ἵπποις·
The clause is elliptical/catenative: ἦν with participle καθεστηκός forms the main predication, and ἀγωνίζεσθαι is an infinitival complement; the dative phrase ἀλλοτρίαις ἵπποις is attached to the infinitive as its object-like/dative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 καθεστηκὸς | cop | high | Copular auxiliary with participial predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 καθεστηκὸς | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | _ | _ | 6 καθεστηκὸς | discourse | medium | Inferential particle; attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 5 παλαιοῦ | case | high | Preposition governing παλαιοῦ. |
| 5 | παλαιοῦ | παλαιός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 καθεστηκὸς | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἐκ. |
| 6 | καθεστηκὸς | καθίστημι | VERB | V-PerfActPAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate participle; construction with ἦν and infinitive. |
| 7 | ἀγωνίζεσθαι | ἀγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-PNEMN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 6 καθεστηκὸς | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἵπποις | cc | high | Connects coordinated noun phrase. |
| 9 | ἀλλοτρίαις | ἀλλότριος | ADJ | A-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἵπποις | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ἵπποις. |
| 10 | ἵπποις | ἵππος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἀγωνίζεσθαι | obl | medium | Dative dependent of ἀγωνίζεσθαι; likely instrumental/comitative sense. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 καθεστηκὸς | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Ὅμηρος γοῦν ἐν ἄθλοις τεθεῖσιν ἐπὶ Πατρόκλῳ πεποίηκεν ὡς Μενέλαος Αἴθῃ τῇ Ἀγαμέμνονος, τῷ δὲ ἑτέρῳ χρήσαιτο τῶν ἵππων οἰκείῳ.
The sentence has a main clause with πεποίηκεν and a dependent ὡς-clause; the second clause is syntactically elliptical/poetic, especially around χρήσαιτο, ἑτέρῳ, and οἰκείῳ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of πεποίηκεν. |
| 2 | γοῦν | γοῦν | PART | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηκεν | discourse | high | Inferential/discourse particle. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ἄθλοις | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | ἄθλοις | ἆθλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 τεθεῖσιν | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 5 | τεθεῖσιν | τίθημι | VERB | PcpAorPassDatPlMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 4 ἄθλοις | amod | medium | Perfect/passive participle functioning adjectivally with ἄθλοις; form is unusual for the context, but taken as participle. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Πατρόκλῳ | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 7 | Πατρόκλῳ | Πάτροκλος | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πεποίηκεν | obl | high | Dative complement with ἐπί. |
| 8 | πεποίηκεν | ποιέω | VERB | V-PerfActInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 18 χρήσαιτο | mark | high | Marks reported/comparative clause. |
| 10 | Μενέλαος | Μενέλαος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσαιτο | nsubj | high | Subject of χρήσαιτο. |
| 11 | Αἴθῃ | Αἴθη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσαιτο | iobj | medium | Dative personal name, likely indirect object/complement; morphology is clear, syntactic role somewhat uncertain. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀγαμέμνονος | det | high | Article. |
| 13 | Ἀγαμέμνονος | Ἀγαμέμνων | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Αἴθῃ | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Αἴθῃ. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἑτέρῳ | det | high | Article. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 χρήσαιτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 17 | ἑτέρῳ | ἕτερος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἵππων | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of ἵππων; agreement is neuter singular with collective/genitive phrase nearby, but may reflect textual/semantic irregularity. |
| 18 | χρήσαιτο | χράομαι | VERB | V-AorOptMid3Sg | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 8 πεποίηκεν | conj | high | Verb in dependent clause coordinated/juxtaposed with the προηγούμενη clause. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἵππων | det | high | Article. |
| 20 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 χρήσαιτο | obl | high | Genitive complement with χρήσασθαι/χρήσθαι-type construction. |
| 21 | οἰκείῳ | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 χρήσαιτο | obl | medium | Dative adjective likely predicative/complementary with χρήσαιτο; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 πεποίηκεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |