Grammar parses for passage 5.8.6
Open translation for this passage
δῆλον δέ·
Elliptical formula: δῆλον is a predicate adjective, with an understood εἰμί; δέ is a postpositive connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλον | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate adjective in an elliptical clause; nominative neuter singular, likely with understood ἐστίν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 δῆλον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 δῆλον | punct | high |
ἐξ οὗ γὰρ τὸ συνεχὲς ταῖς μνήμαις ἐπὶ ταῖς Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἐστί, δρόμου μὲν ἆθλα ἐτέθη πρῶτον, καὶ Ἠλεῖος Κόροιβος ἐνίκα·
The opening ἐξ οὗ clause is anchored to ἐστί; the following historical clauses are coordinated/paratactic, with neuter plural ἆθλα taking a singular passive verb ἐτέθη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 ἐστί | case | high | |
| 2 | οὗ | ὅς | PRON | REL-GEN-SG-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστί | obl | high | Relative pronoun in temporal/ablative phrase: ἐξ οὗ. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 11 ἐστί | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 συνεχὲς | det | high | |
| 5 | συνεχὲς | συνεχής | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐστί | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective. |
| 6 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 μνήμαις | det | high | |
| 7 | μνήμαις | μνήμη | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 συνεχὲς | obl | medium | Dative with συνεκές, expressing continuity in/through records or memories. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Ὀλυμπιάσιν | case | high | |
| 9 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 Ὀλυμπιάσιν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπιάσιν | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐστί | obl | high | ἐπὶ with dative: at/in the Olympiads. |
| 11 | ἐστί | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐστί | punct | high | |
| 13 | δρόμου | δρόμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἆθλα | nmod | high | Genitive of event/type with ἆθλα. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 15 ἆθλα | discourse | high | |
| 15 | ἆθλα | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 16 ἐτέθη | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 16 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 11 ἐστί | parataxis | high | Passage shifts to a coordinated historical clause; singular verb agrees with neuter plural subject. |
| 17 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-NSN | Degree=Pos | 16 ἐτέθη | advmod | high | Neuter adverbial accusative. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐτέθη | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 22 ἐνίκα | cc | high | |
| 20 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Κόροιβος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively with the personal name. |
| 21 | Κόροιβος | Κόροιβος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἐνίκα | nsubj | high | |
| 22 | ἐνίκα | νικάω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 ἐτέθη | conj | high | Coordinated clause: Κόροιβος ἐνίκα. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἐνίκα | punct | high |
εἰκὼν μὲν δὴ οὐκ ἔστιν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ τοῦ Κοροίβου, τάφος δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς πέρασι τῆς Ἠλείας.
The sentence has two verbless μέν...δέ clauses: εἰκών ... οὐκ ἔστιν, τάφος δέ [ἐστίν]. The second nominative is treated as a coordinated root because the finite verb is elided.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing the first member of μέν...δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 ἔστιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | X-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 ἔστιν | advmod | high | Elided form before vowel. |
| 5 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Npeld-s | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἔστιν | obl | medium | Dative form functioning locatively. |
| 8 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Κοροίβου | det | high | |
| 9 | Κοροίβου | Κόροιβος | PROPN | Npmsg-s | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἰκών: image of Coroebus. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔστιν | punct | high | |
| 11 | τάφος | τάφος | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second verbless μέν...δέ clause; coordinated nominal predicate/subject with omitted ἔστιν. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 τάφος | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 πέρασι | case | high | |
| 14 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | S---DPN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 πέρασι | det | high | |
| 15 | πέρασι | πέρας | NOUN | N-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 τάφος | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί, indicating location. |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 Ἠλείας | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἠλείας | Ἠλεία | PROPN | Npfgs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 πέρασι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πέρασι. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 τάφος | punct | high |
Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ ὕστερον τετάρτῃ καὶ δεκάτῃ προσετέθη σφίσι δίαυλος·
The sentence means that the diaulos was added for them later, in the fourteenth Olympiad; the two datives are temporal and recipient/affected-party complements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 προσετέθη | obl | high | Dative of time, ‘in the Olympiad’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 προσετέθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 προσετέθη | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘later’; forms the phrase with τετάρτῃ καὶ δεκάτῃ. |
| 4 | τετάρτῃ | τέταρτος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 δεκάτῃ | cc | high | Coordinates the ordinal components. |
| 6 | δεκάτῃ | δέκατος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 τετάρτῃ | conj | high | Second coordinated ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 7 | προσετέθη | προστίθημι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive, ‘was added’. |
| 8 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 7 προσετέθη | iobj | high | Dative pronoun, recipient or affected party, ‘to them’. |
| 9 | δίαυλος | δίαυλος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 προσετέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Nominative subject of the passive verb. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 προσετέθη | punct | high |
Ὕπηνος δὲ ἀνὴρ Πισαῖος ἀνείλετο ἐπὶ τῷ διαύλῳ τὸν κότινον, τῇ δὲ ἑξῆς ἐπὶ τῷ δολίχῳ Ἄκανθος Λακεδαιμόνιος.
The second clause is an elliptical continuation: Ἄκανθος Λακεδαιμόνιος is the subject and ἀνείλετο is understood from the first clause; τῇ ἑξῆς modifies the understood following day/occasion, while both ἐπί-phrases specify events.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ὕπηνος | Ὕπηνος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνείλετο | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἀνείλετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Ὕπηνος | appos | high | Apposition to the personal name. |
| 4 | Πισαῖος | Πισαῖος | ADJ | A------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνὴρ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with ἀνήρ. |
| 5 | ἀνείλετο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V3SAMI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, with athletic-object sense 'won/took'. |
| 6 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 διαύλῳ | case | high | With dative, specifying the event/contest. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 διαύλῳ | det | high | Article with διαύλῳ. |
| 8 | διαύλῳ | δίαυλος | NOUN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνείλετο | obl | high | Contest/event governed by ἐπί. |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 κότινον | det | high | Article with κότινον. |
| 10 | κότινον | κότινος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | Prize, the wild-olive crown. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνείλετο | punct | high | |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἑξῆς | det | high | Article substantivizing/introducing the temporal expression. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 Ἄκανθος | cc | medium | Connective in the elliptical second clause. |
| 14 | ἑξῆς | ἑξῆς | ADJ | A-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνείλετο | obl | medium | Feminine dative temporal expression, 'on the following [day/occasion]'; attachment is elliptical. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 δολίχῳ | case | high | With dative, specifying the contest. |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 δολίχῳ | det | high | Article with δολίχῳ. |
| 17 | δολίχῳ | δόλιχος | NOUN | N-S---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἄκανθος | obl | high | Contest/event governed by ἐπί. |
| 18 | Ἄκανθος | Ἄκανθος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνείλετο | nsubj | high | Subject of the ellipted second occurrence of ἀνείλετο. |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμόνιος | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἄκανθος | appos | high | Ethnic adjective in apposition to Ἄκανθος. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἀνείλετο | punct | high |