Grammar parses for passage 5.9.1
Open translation for this passage
κατελύθη δὲ ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ ἀγωνίσματα, μεταδόξαν μηκέτι ἄγειν αὐτὰ Ἠλείοις.
The impersonal passive κατελύθη governs ἀγωνίσματα as its subject; μεταδόξαν is an agreeing aorist participle meaning that it was decided/approved, with μηκέτι ἄγειν as its infinitival complement and Ἠλείοις as the dative agent/participant of the infinitive. The participle’s exact syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατελύθη | καταλύω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, ‘was abolished/discontinued’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατελύθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ὀλυμπίᾳ. |
| 4 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀγωνίσματα | obl | high | Locative dative with ἐν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀγωνίσματα | cc | high | Coordinates the subject phrase. |
| 6 | ἀγωνίσματα | ἀγώνισμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατελύθη | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural subject of the passive verb. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀγωνίσματα | punct | high | |
| 8 | μεταδόξαν | μεταδοκέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 κατελύθη | advcl | low | Probably an aorist participle agreeing with an implicit singular neuter event/state; attachment and lexical parsing are uncertain. |
| 9 | μηκέτι | μηκέτι | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 ἄγειν | advmod | high | ‘No longer/not anymore’ modifying ἄγειν. |
| 10 | ἄγειν | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 μεταδόξαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive dependent on μεταδόξαν. |
| 11 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 10 ἄγειν | obj | high | Object of ἄγειν, referring to the contests. |
| 12 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἄγειν | iobj | medium | Dative associated with ἄγειν, likely denoting the Eleans as responsible for or conducting the contests. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατελύθη | punct | high |
πένταθλόν τε γὰρ παίδων ἐπὶ τῆς ὀγδόης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ τριακοστῆς ἐτέθη, καὶ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τὸν κότινον Εὐτελίδα Λακεδαιμονίου λαβόντος οὐκέτι ἀρεστὰ Ἠλείοις ἦν πεντάθλους ἐσέρχεσθαι παῖδας.
The first clause states that the boys’ pentathlon was instituted in the 38th Olympiad; the genitive absolute Εὐτελίδα ... λαβόντος supplies the occasion/background, and ἀρεστά with εἶναι governs the infinitival subject πεντάθλους ἐσέρχεσθαι παῖδας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πένταθλόν | πένταθλον | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | obj | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 πένταθλόν | cc | high | |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | advmod | high | |
| 4 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 πένταθλόν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πένταθλον: boys' pentathlon. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | case | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | S-GF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὀγδόης | det | high | |
| 7 | ὀγδόης | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | nmod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 8 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | obl | high | Temporal dating phrase with ἐπί. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | cc | high | |
| 10 | τριακοστῆς | τριακοστός | ADJ | A-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ὀλυμπιάδος | conj | high | Coordinates with ὀγδόης in the ordinal date expression. |
| 11 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 24 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 15 αὐτῷ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί. |
| 15 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἦν | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, referring to the instituted event/practice. |
| 16 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | S-AM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κότινον | det | high | |
| 17 | κότινον | κότινος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 λαβόντος | obj | high | Object of λαβόντος. |
| 18 | Εὐτελίδα | Εὐτελίδας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 λαβόντος | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the genitive absolute; proper name. |
| 19 | Λακεδαιμονίου | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Εὐτελίδα | appos | high | Patronymic/ethnic apposition to Εὐτελίδα; syntactically genitive absolute subject is irregularly continued by this genitive descriptor. |
| 20 | λαβόντος | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 24 ἦν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Εὐτελίδα; form is genitive masculine singular participle. |
| 21 | οὐκέτι | οὐκέτι | ADV | D | _ | 22 ἀρεστὰ | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ἀρεστὰ | ἀρεστός | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ἦν; dative experiencer Ἠλείοις. |
| 23 | Ἠλείοις | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀρεστὰ | iobj | high | Dative of the persons to whom something is pleasing. |
| 24 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 22 ἀρεστὰ | cop | high | |
| 25 | πεντάθλους | πένταθλος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐσέρχεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐσέρχεσθαι. |
| 26 | ἐσέρχεσθαι | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-PNM | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 ἀρεστὰ | csubj | high | Infinitival clause complement/predicative subject of ἀρεστὰ ἦν. |
| 27 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐσέρχεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of ἐσέρχεσθαι; appositional to πεντάθλους. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἦν | punct | high |
τῆς δὲ ἀπήνης καὶ κάλπης τὸν δρόμον, τὸν μὲν Ὀλυμπιάδι νομισθέντα ἑβδομηκοστῇ, τὸν δὲ τῆς κάλπης τῇ ἐφεξῆς ταύτῃ, κήρυγμα ὑπὲρ ἀμφοτέρων ἐποιήσαντο ἐπὶ τῆς τετάρτης Ὀλυμπιάδος καὶ ὀγδοηκοστῆς μήτε κάλπης τοῦ λοιποῦ μήτε ἀπήνης ἔσεσθαι δρόμον.
The sentence has a proclamation construction: κήρυγμα ... ἐποιήσαντο followed by an infinitival content clause, with genitive subjects under ἔσεσθαι and coordinated μήτε ... μήτε.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | G-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπήνης | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἐποιήσαντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀπήνης | ἀπήνη | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 δρόμον | nmod | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 κάλπης | cc | high | |
| 5 | κάλπης | κάλπη | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀπήνης | conj | high | |
| 6 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | G-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δρόμον | det | high | |
| 7 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Object of ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 δρόμον | punct | high | |
| 9 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | G-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 νομισθέντα | det | high | |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 νομισθέντα | advmod | high | |
| 11 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νομισθέντα | obl | high | Dative of dating. |
| 12 | νομισθέντα | νομίζω | VERB | V-APP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 7 δρόμον | acl | medium | Aorist passive participle modifying δρόμον. |
| 13 | ἑβδομηκοστῇ | ἑβδομηκοστός | ADJ | A-.-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 11 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νομισθέντα | punct | high | |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | G-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 κάλπης | det | high | |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 κάλπης | cc | high | |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | G-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 κάλπης | det | high | |
| 18 | κάλπης | κάλπη | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 νομισθέντα | nmod | high | Genitive within the second coordinated description. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | G-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ταύτῃ | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | ADV | _ | 21 ταύτῃ | advmod | high | Adverb used adjectivally. |
| 21 | ταύτῃ | οὗτος | PRON | P------DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 νομισθέντα | obl | medium | Dative temporal reference, ‘the one following this’. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 νομισθέντα | punct | high | |
| 23 | κήρυγμα | κήρυγμα | NOUN | N-----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | Internal object with ποιέομαι: make/proclaim an announcement. |
| 24 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | |
| 25 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | PRON | P-----GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Dual|PronType=Ind | 23 κήρυγμα | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 26 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 27 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 Ὀλυμπιάδος | case | high | |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | G-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 Ὀλυμπιάδος | det | high | |
| 29 | τετάρτης | τέταρτος | ADJ | A-.-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 30 Ὀλυμπιάδος | amod | high | |
| 30 | Ὀλυμπιάδος | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | high | Temporal setting with ἐπί + genitive. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ὀγδοηκοστῆς | cc | high | |
| 32 | ὀγδοηκοστῆς | ὀγδοηκοστός | ADJ | A-.-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 30 Ὀλυμπιάδος | conj | high | Coordinates a second ordinal with Ὀλυμπιάδος. |
| 33 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 34 κάλπης | cc | high | |
| 34 | κάλπης | κάλπη | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 39 ἔσεσθαι | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the infinitive. |
| 35 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | G-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 λοιποῦ | det | high | |
| 36 | λοιποῦ | λοιπός | ADJ | A-.-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἔσεσθαι | advmod | medium | Adverbialized genitive phrase, ‘hereafter’. |
| 37 | μήτε | μήτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 ἀπήνης | cc | high | |
| 38 | ἀπήνης | ἀπήνη | NOUN | N-----GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 κάλπης | conj | high | Second genitive subject coordinated with κάλπης. |
| 39 | ἔσεσθαι | εἰμί | AUX | V-FMI---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 23 κήρυγμα | ccomp | high | Infinitival content of the proclamation. |
| 40 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 ἔσεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject/predicate-like complement of εἶναι; semantically ‘there will be no race’. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high |
ὅτε δὲ ἐτέθη πρῶτον, Θερσίου μὲν ἀπήνη Θεσσαλοῦ, Παταίκου δὲ Ἀχαιοῦ τῶν ἐκ Δύμης ἐνίκησεν ἡ κάλπη.
Temporal ὅτε-clause: ἐτέθη is a passive aorist, with πρῶτον functioning adverbially. The main clause has coordinated genitive-partitive/possessive phrases specifying the owners or contestants of the two vehicles; τῶν ἐκ Δύμης modifies Ἀχαιοῦ. The subject of ἐνίκησεν is ἡ κάλπη, with ἀπήνη as its coordinated appositional/predicate vehicle term; exact semantics of the genitives are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | Adverbial conjunction | PronType=Rel | 3 ἐτέθη | mark | high | Introduces the temporal subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐτέθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | V-AOI-3S-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 17 ἐνίκησεν | advcl | high | Temporal aorist passive clause, subject understood from context. |
| 4 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A-ASN | Degree=Pos | 3 ἐτέθη | advmod | high | Neuter accusative used adverbially, ‘first’. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 3 ἐτέθη | punct | high | |
| 6 | Θερσίου | Θέρσιος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπήνη | nmod | medium | Personal name in a genitive phrase associated with ἀπήνη. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 Θερσίου | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, balanced by δέ at token 12. |
| 8 | ἀπήνη | ἀπήνη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κάλπη | appos | medium | Vehicle term, coordinated conceptually with the following genitive phrase; appositional analysis is preferred. |
| 9 | Θεσσαλοῦ | Θεσσαλός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Θερσίου | nmod | medium | Ethnic personal designation dependent on Θερσίου. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 8 ἀπήνη | punct | high | |
| 11 | Παταίκου | Παταῖκος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Ἀχαιοῦ | nmod | medium | Personal name in the second parallel genitive phrase. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Παταίκου | cc | high | Postpositive counterpart to μέν. |
| 13 | Ἀχαιοῦ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπήνη | conj | medium | Parallel genitive designation; coordinated with the first genitive phrase. |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀχαιοῦ | det | high | Article substantively/attributively introducing the Achaeans from Dyme. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Δύμης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive Δύμης. |
| 16 | Δύμης | Δύμη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 τῶν | nmod | high | Place name governed by ἐκ. |
| 17 | ἐνίκησεν | νικάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 18 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 κάλπη | det | high | Article marking the nominative subject phrase. |
| 19 | κάλπη | κάλπη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐνίκησεν | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of ἐνίκησεν. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 17 ἐνίκησεν | punct | high |