Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.9.2

← 5.9.1 5.9.3 →

Passage 5.9.2

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3sentences parsed

72Greek tokens

2,430input tokens

5,292output tokens

Sentence 1

5.9.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 33
Input: 898
Output: 2,284
Total: 3,182

ἦν δὲ ἡ μὲν θήλεια ἵππος, καὶ ἀπʼ αὐτῶν ἀποπηδῶντες ἐπὶ τῷ ἐσχάτῳ δρόμῳ συνέθεον οἱ ἀναβάται ταῖς ἵπποις εἰλημμένοι τῶν χαλινῶν, καθὰ καὶ ἐς ἐμὲ ἔτι οἱ ἀναβάται καλούμενοι·

The sentence has an initial copular clause (ἡ θήλεια ἵππος), followed by coordinated imperfect συνέθεον with nominative ἀναβάται as subject; εἰλημμένοι governs the genitive of the bridles and agrees with the riders, while the final participial clause is elliptical/retrospective and syntactically somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἦν	εἰμί	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	6 ἵππος	cop	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 συνέθεον	cc	high
3	ἡ	ὁ	DET	RAFSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 θήλεια	det	high
4	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	5 θήλεια	discourse	high
5	θήλεια	θῆλυς	ADJ	A-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 ἵππος	amod	high
6	ἵππος	ἵππος	NOUN	N-NFS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Predicate nominative with ἦν.
7	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἵππος	punct	high
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	16 συνέθεον	cc	high
9	ἀπʼ	ἀπό	ADP	PREP	_	10 αὐτῶν	case	high	Apocopated/elided form of ἀπό.
10	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	11 ἀποπηδῶντες	obl	medium	Likely refers to the mares/horses; ἀπό marks separation/source.
11	ἀποπηδῶντες	ἀποπηδάω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Aspect=Imp\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	16 συνέθεον	advcl	high
12	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	15 δρόμῳ	case	high
13	τῷ	ὁ	DET	RDSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἐσχάτῳ	det	high
14	ἐσχάτῳ	ἔσχατος	ADJ	A-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	15 δρόμῳ	amod	high
15	δρόμῳ	δρόμος	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	16 συνέθεον	obl	high	ἐπί with dative indicates position/time at the final course.
16	συνέθεον	συντρέχω	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
17	οἱ	ὁ	DET	R-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἀναβάται	det	high
18	ἀναβάται	ἀναβάτης	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	16 συνέθεον	nsubj	high
19	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	R-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 ἵπποις	det	high
20	ἵπποις	ἵππος	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	16 συνέθεον	obl	high	Dative of accompaniment/association with συνέθεον.
21	εἰλημμένοι	λαμβάνω	VERB	V-RPP-NPM	Aspect=Perf\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Pass	18 ἀναβάται	acl	high	Perfect passive participle: riders held/taken by the reins.
22	τῶν	ὁ	DET	R-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	23 χαλινῶν	det	high
23	χαλινῶν	χαλινός	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 εἰλημμένοι	obl	high	Genitive dependent on εἰλημμένοι, likely ‘holding the reins’.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	16 συνέθεον	punct	high
25	καθὰ	καθά	SCONJ	CONJ	_	32 καλούμενοι	mark	medium	Comparative/relative conjunction introducing the final clause.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 καλούμενοι	advmod	medium	Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’.
27	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	28 ἐμὲ	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
28	ἐμὲ	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1ASF	Case=Acc\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	32 καλούμενοι	obl	high
29	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	32 καλούμενοι	advmod	medium	Temporal adverb modifying the elliptical final clause.
30	οἱ	ὁ	DET	R-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 ἀναβάται	det	high
31	ἀναβάται	ἀναβάτης	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 καλούμενοι	nsubj	medium	Subject of the final participial predicate.
32	καλούμενοι	καλέω	VERB	V-PPP-NPM	Aspect=Imp\|Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	16 συνέθεον	advcl	low	Elliptical/retrospective participial clause; exact attachment and force are uncertain.
33	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	16 συνέθεον	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.9.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 27
Input: 851
Output: 2,086
Total: 2,937

ἀπήνῃ δὲ οὔτε τῷ ἀνευρήματι οὐδὲν ἀρχαῖον οὔτε εὐπρέπεια αὐτῇ προσῆν, ἐπάρατόν τε Ἠλείοις ἐκ παλαιοῦ καὶ ἀρχὴν γενέσθαι σφίσιν ἐν τῇ χώρᾳ τὸ ζῷον·

The sentence has two coordinated predicates of προσῆν: οὐδὲν ἀρχαῖον (with τῷ ἀνευρήματι) and εὐπρέπεια αὐτῇ. The final infinitive clause is coordinated after ἐπάρατον, with τὸ ζῷον as its accusative subject; ἀρχὴν is an adverbial accusative meaning ‘in the first place/origin’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀπήνῃ	ἀπήνη	NOUN	N--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 προσῆν	obl	high	Dative of respect/domain: ‘as for the wagon’; spelling is dative singular.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Df--------	_	11 προσῆν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἀρχαῖον	cc	high	First member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination.
4	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L-SDM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἀνευρήματι	det	high
5	ἀνευρήματι	ἀνεύρημα	NOUN	N--DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 ἀρχαῖον	obl	high	Dative complement/criterion with ἀρχαῖον.
6	οὐδὲν	οὐδείς	PRON	Px--------	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Polarity=Neg	7 ἀρχαῖον	nsubj	medium	Negative pronoun functioning as neuter nominative subject of ἦν/προσῆν; form also syncretic with accusative.
7	ἀρχαῖον	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 προσῆν	conj	medium	Predicate adjective coordinated with εὐπρέπεια; understood verb προσῆν.
8	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C--------	_	9 εὐπρέπεια	cc	high	Second member of οὔτε...οὔτε coordination.
9	εὐπρέπεια	εὐπρέπεια	NOUN	N--NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 προσῆν	nsubj	high	Subject of προσῆν.
10	αὐτῇ	αὐτός	PRON	Pp3FS---D	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	11 προσῆν	iobj	high	Dative of possession/association, referring to the ἀπήνη.
11	προσῆν	πάρειμι	VERB	V-IAI3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Imperfect of πάρειμι, ‘was present/attached’.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 προσῆν	punct	high
13	ἐπάρατόν	ἐπάρατος	ADJ	A--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 προσῆν	conj	medium	Predicative adjective coordinated with the preceding predicate: ‘and accursed’.
14	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	13 ἐπάρατόν	cc	high	Postpositive coordinator linking ἐπάρατον with the following infinitival clause.
15	Ἠλείοις	Ἠλεῖος	PROPN	Neut-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 ἐπάρατόν	obl	high	Dative of reference: ‘for the Eleans’.
16	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	17 παλαιοῦ	case	high
17	παλαιοῦ	παλαιός	ADJ	A--GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἐπάρατόν	obl	medium	Substantivized genitive, ‘from ancient times’.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	20 γενέσθαι	cc	high	Coordinates the infinitive with the preceding predication.
19	ἀρχὴν	ἀρχή	NOUN	N--ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 γενέσθαι	advmod	medium	Adverbial accusative, ‘at the beginning/in origin’.
20	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2ADN----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	13 ἐπάρατόν	xcomp	high	Aorist middle infinitive in the coordinated predication.
21	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	Pp3-PD---	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	20 γενέσθαι	iobj	high	Dative of association/possession: ‘for them/their people’.
22	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	24 χώρᾳ	case	high
23	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-SDF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 χώρᾳ	det	high
24	χώρᾳ	χώρα	NOUN	N--DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	20 γενέσθαι	obl	high	Locative adjunct of γενέσθαι.
25	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	26 ζῷον	det	medium	Article with the infinitive’s accusative subject, in the neuter nominative/accusative form.
26	ζῷον	ζῷον	NOUN	N--NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 γενέσθαι	nsubj	low	Subject of γενέσθαι; nominative is possible with a non-accusative infinitival construction, though accusative syncretism cannot be excluded.
27	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	11 προσῆν	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.9.2 sentence 4

Tokens: 12
Input: 681
Output: 922
Total: 1,603

ἦν γὰρ δὴ ἀπήνη κατὰ τὴν συνωρίδα ἡμιόνους ἀντὶ ἵππων ἔχουσα.

Copular clause: ἀπήνη is the subject and ἦν the root; ἔχουσα is a feminine nominative circumstantial participle agreeing with ἀπήνη. κατὰ τὴν συνωρίδα describes the arrangement/position, while ἡμιόνους ... ἵππων contrasts the mules with horses.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Imperfect indicative copula.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G-	_	1 ἦν	discourse	high	Postpositive explanatory particle.
3	δὴ	δή	PART	G-	_	1 ἦν	discourse	high	Emphatic particle.
4	ἀπήνη	ἀπήνη	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἦν	nsubj	high	Subject of the copular clause.
5	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	P	_	7 συνωρίδα	case	high	Preposition governing the accusative.
6	τὴν	ὁ	DET	RA-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 συνωρίδα	det	high	Article modifying συνωρίδα.
7	συνωρίδα	συνωρίς	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἀπήνη	obl	medium	Accusative object of κατά; phrase indicates the pair/team arrangement.
8	ἡμιόνους	ἡμίονος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 ἔχουσα	obj	high	Accusative object of ἔχουσα.
9	ἀντὶ	ἀντί	ADP	P	_	10 ἵππων	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
10	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἡμιόνους	nmod	high	Genitive complement of ἀντί; contrasted replacement.
11	ἔχουσα	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	4 ἀπήνη	acl	high	Circumstantial present participle agreeing with ἀπήνη.
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἦν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

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