Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.9.3

← 5.9.2 5.9.4 →

Passage 5.9.3

Open translation for this passage

5sentences parsed

107Greek tokens

3,865input tokens

7,749output tokens

Sentence 1

5.9.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 41
Input: 970
Output: 2,855
Total: 3,825

ὁ δὲ κόσμος ὁ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, ὡς θύεσθαι τῷ θεῷ τὰ ἱερεῖα πεντάθλου μὲν καὶ δρόμου τῶν ἵππων ὕστερα , τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν πρότερα ἀγωνισμάτων, οὗτος κατέστη σφίσιν ὁ κόσμος Ὀλυμπιάδι ἑβδόμῃ πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα·

The sentence contrasts the sacrifices as later than the pentathlon and horse-race but earlier than the remaining contests; the explanatory ὡς-infinitive is attached adverbially to the establishment of this order.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 κόσμος	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	32 κατέστη	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	κόσμος	κόσμος	NOUN	N-Nsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 κατέστη	nsubj	high	Subject of κατέστη; repeated by οὗτος ὁ κόσμος.
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἀγῶνα	det	high
5	περὶ	περί	ADP	Prep	_	7 ἀγῶνα	case	high
6	τὸν	ὁ	DET	Art-Asm	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἀγῶνα	det	high
7	ἀγῶνα	ἀγών	NOUN	N-Asm	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 κόσμος	nmod	high	Object of περί.
8	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	Prep	_	9 ἡμῶν	case	high	Elided form of ἐπί.
9	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	P-Gpm	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1	7 ἀγῶνα	nmod	medium	Genitive with ἐπί; temporal/locative phrase.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	32 κατέστη	punct	high
11	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	Conj	_	12 θύεσθαι	mark	medium	Introduces an infinitival explanatory clause.
12	θύεσθαι	θύω	VERB	V-PMn	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	32 κατέστη	advcl	medium	Infinitive in an explanatory ὡς-clause; passive 'be sacrificed'.
13	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Art-Dsm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 θεῷ	det	high
14	θεῷ	θεός	NOUN	N-Dsm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 θύεσθαι	iobj	high	Dative recipient/beneficiary with θύεσθαι.
15	τὰ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nan	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἱερεῖα	det	high
16	ἱερεῖα	ἱερεῖον	NOUN	N-Nan	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 θύεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative-and-infinitive subject is formally nominative because θύεσθαι is passive; nominative is likely textual/syntactic attraction.
17	πεντάθλου	πένταθλον	NOUN	N-Gsn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 ὕστερα	nmod	high	Genitive comparison/domain with ὕστερα.
18	μὲν	μέν	PART	Part	_	23 ὕστερα	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with δέ at token 26.
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	20 δρόμου	cc	high
20	δρόμου	δρόμος	NOUN	N-Gsm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ὕστερα	nmod	high	Genitive comparison/domain with ὕστερα.
21	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-Gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἵππων	det	high
22	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N-Gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 δρόμου	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on δρόμος.
23	ὕστερα	ὕστερος	ADJ	A-Nan-Cmp	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἱερεῖα	conj	high	Predicate adjective: sacrifices were later than the pentathlon and horse-race.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	32 κατέστη	punct	high
25	τῶν	ὁ	DET	Art-Gpn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἀγωνισμάτων	det	high
26	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	28 πρότερα	cc	high	Correlative with μέν at token 18.
27	λοιπῶν	λοιπός	ADJ	A-Gpn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἀγωνισμάτων	amod	high	Substantivized adjective.
28	πρότερα	πρότερος	ADJ	A-Nan-Cmp	Case=Nom\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἱερεῖα	conj	high	Predicate adjective coordinated with ὕστερα.
29	ἀγωνισμάτων	ἀγώνισμα	NOUN	N-Gpn	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 πρότερα	nmod	high	Genitive comparison/domain with πρότερα.
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	32 κατέστη	punct	high
31	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	P-Nsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	32 κατέστη	nsubj	high	Demonstrative subject resumed by ὁ κόσμος.
32	κατέστη	καθίστημι	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Aspect=Perf\|Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist form of καθίστημι; 'was established/settled'.
33	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-Dpm	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	32 κατέστη	iobj	high	Dative of reference/advantage.
34	ὁ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 κόσμος	det	high
35	κόσμος	κόσμος	NOUN	N-Nsm	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 κατέστη	predicative	high	Predicate nominative/appositional repetition of the subject.
36	Ὀλυμπιάδι	Ὀλυμπιάς	NOUN	N-Dsf	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 κατέστη	obl	high	Dative of time.
37	ἑβδόμῃ	ἕβδομος	ADJ	A-Dsf	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 Ὀλυμπιάδι	amod	high
38	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	Prep	_	40 ἑβδομήκοντα	case	high
39	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	Art-Dpf	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	40 ἑβδομήκοντα	det	high
40	ἑβδομήκοντα	ἑβδομήκοντα	NUM	Num-Dpf	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	36 Ὀλυμπιάδι	nmod	high	Numeral phrase πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα: 'plus seventy'.
41	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	32 κατέστη	punct	high

Sentence 2

5.9.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 16
Input: 721
Output: 1,199
Total: 1,920

τὰ πρὸ τούτων δὲ ἐπὶ ἡμέρας ἦγον τῆς αὐτῆς ὁμοίως καὶ ἀνθρώπων καὶ ἵππων ἀγῶνα.

The phrase τὰ πρὸ τούτων is a substantivized neuter plural referring to earlier events; τῆς αὐτῆς is elliptical and has been attached to ἡμέρας as a genitive specification.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T----NPA-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	7 ἦγον	obj	high	Neuter plural article substantivized with omitted noun, referring to preceding matters.
2	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	P	_	3 τούτων	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
3	τούτων	οὗτος	PRON	D----GPN-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Dem	1 τὰ	nmod	high	Genitive demonstrative governed by πρό.
4	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	7 ἦγον	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	P	_	6 ἡμέρας	case	high	Preposition governing the accusative in a temporal duration expression.
6	ἡμέρας	ἡμέρα	NOUN	N----APA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	7 ἦγον	obl	high	Accusative of duration with ἐπί.
7	ἦγον	ἄγω	VERB	V-IAI-3--	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite imperfect verb; subject is understood from context.
8	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T----GFS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 αὐτῆς	det	high	Article agreeing with αὐτῆς.
9	αὐτῆς	αὐτός	PRON	P-----GFS-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	6 ἡμέρας	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on ἡμέρας; likely means 'of the same' day, with elliptical noun or temporal specification.
10	ὁμοίως	ὅμοιος	ADV	D--------	_	7 ἦγον	advmod	high	Adverb modifying the verbal predicate.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	12 ἀνθρώπων	cc	high	Coordinates the genitive complements.
12	ἀνθρώπων	ἄνθρωπος	NOUN	N----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἀγῶνα	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent on ἀγῶνα, denoting the human contestants or category.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	14 ἵππων	cc	high	Coordinates the second genitive complement.
14	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἀνθρώπων	conj	high	Genitive coordinated with ἀνθρώπων.
15	ἀγῶνα	ἀγών	NOUN	N----AMA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 ἦγον	obj	high	Accusative object of ἦγον.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	7 ἦγον	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

5.9.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 13
Input: 685
Output: 946
Total: 1,631

τότε δὲ προήχθησαν ἐς νύκτα οἱ παγκρατιάζοντες ἅτε οὐ κατὰ καιρὸν ἐσκληθέντες,

The nominative participle παγκρατιάζοντες is the subject of προήχθησαν; ἅτε with the coordinated nominative participle ἐσκληθέντες gives the causal circumstance, while ἐς νύκτα denotes the point up to which they were advanced.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τότε	τότε	ADV	Adverb	_	3 προήχθησαν	advmod	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conjunction	_	3 προήχθησαν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	προήχθησαν	προάγω	VERB	V-API-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	Preposition	_	5 νύκτα	case	high	Variant form of εἰς.
5	νύκτα	νύξ	NOUN	N-AFA-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 προήχθησαν	obl	high
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	Art-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 παγκρατιάζοντες	det	high
7	παγκρατιάζοντες	παγκρατιάω	VERB	V-PAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	3 προήχθησαν	nsubj	high	Substantivized participle, subject of προήχθησαν.
8	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	Subordinating conjunction	_	12 ἐσκληθέντες	mark	high	Introduces a causal participial clause.
9	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Particle	Polarity=Neg	12 ἐσκληθέντες	advmod	high
10	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	Preposition	_	11 καιρὸν	case	high
11	καιρὸν	καιρός	NOUN	N-AMA-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἐσκληθέντες	obl	high	Κατὰ καιρόν, 'at the appropriate time'.
12	ἐσκληθέντες	ἐσκλέω	VERB	V-APP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Pass	7 παγκρατιάζοντες	advcl	medium	Aorist passive participle; lexical form and exact derivation are somewhat uncertain.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 προήχθησαν	punct	high

Sentence 4

5.9.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 15
Input: 697
Output: 1,110
Total: 1,807

αἴτιοι δὲ ἐγένοντο οἵ τε ἵπποι καὶ ἐς πλέον ἔτι ἡ τῶν πεντάθλων ἅμιλλα·

οἵ τε ἵπποι καὶ ἡ ... ἅμιλλα are coordinated subjects of ἐγένοντο; πλέον is a substantivized comparative adverbial accusative in ἐς πλέον, meaning ‘to a greater extent’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	αἴτιοι	αἴτιος	ADJ	A-NP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐγένοντο	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective agreeing with the coordinated plural subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἐγένοντο	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐγένοντο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate, ‘became/were the cause’.
4	οἵ	ὅς	PRON	R-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἵπποι	det	medium	Correlative relative/article-like element introducing the first coordinated subject phrase.
5	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἵπποι	cc	high	First member of the τε ... καί coordination.
6	ἵπποι	ἵππος	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐγένοντο	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	14 ἅμιλλα	cc	high	Coordinates the second subject with the first.
8	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	9 πλέον	case	high	Preposition governing πλέον.
9	πλέον	πολύς	ADV	D-ADV-COMP	Degree=Cmp	10 ἔτι	obl	medium	Substantivized comparative, governed by ἐς; syntactically an extent adjunct.
10	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D-ADV	_	14 ἅμιλλα	advmod	high	Further intensifies the comparative extent.
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	T-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἅμιλλα	det	high	Article modifying ἅμιλλα.
12	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	13 πεντάθλων	det	high	Article introducing the genitive dependent on πεντάθλων.
13	πεντάθλων	πένταθλον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ἅμιλλα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἅμιλλα, ‘competition of the pentathletes/events’.
14	ἅμιλλα	ἅμιλλα	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἐγένοντο	conj	high	Second coordinated subject; singular noun coordinated with plural ἵπποι.
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐγένοντο	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 5

5.9.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 22
Input: 792
Output: 1,639
Total: 2,431

καὶ ἐκράτει μὲν Ἀθηναῖος Καλλίας τοὺς παγκρατιάσαντας, ἐμπόδιον δὲ οὐκ ἔμελλε παγκρατίῳ τοῦ λοιποῦ τὸ πένταθλον οὐδὲ οἱ ἵπποι γενήσεσθαι.

The second μέν/δέ clause has ἐμπόδιον as a predicative accusative with ἔμελλε γενήσεσθαι; τὸ πένταθλον is the accusative infinitival subject, while οἱ ἵπποι is coordinated as a nominative subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	2 ἐκράτει	cc	high
2	ἐκράτει	κρατέω	VERB	V-PIA-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	2 ἐκράτει	discourse	high	Correlative μέν anticipates δέ.
4	Ἀθηναῖος	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Καλλίας	appos	high	Ethnic adjective used substantivally/appositionally with Καλλίας.
5	Καλλίας	Καλλίας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 ἐκράτει	nsubj	high
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 παγκρατιάσαντας	det	high
7	παγκρατιάσαντας	παγκρατιάω	VERB	V-APA-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	2 ἐκράτει	obj	high	Substantivized aorist participle, object of κρατέω.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2 ἐκράτει	punct	high
9	ἐμπόδιον	ἐμπόδιος	ADJ	A-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἔμελλε	xcomp	medium	Predicative accusative with ἔμελλε ... γενήσεσθαι; idiomatically ‘to be an obstacle’.
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	_	_	12 ἔμελλε	cc	high
11	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	_	Polarity=Neg	12 ἔμελλε	advmod	high
12	ἔμελλε	μέλλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	2 ἐκράτει	conj	high
13	παγκρατίῳ	παγκράτιον	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 πένταθλον	obl	medium	Dative of respect/qualification: ‘as regards the pankration’.
14	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	15 λοιποῦ	det	high
15	λοιποῦ	λοιπός	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 πένταθλον	nmod	medium	Substantivized genitive, ‘of the remainder/remaining events’.
16	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	17 πένταθλον	det	high
17	πένταθλον	πένταθλον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 γενήσεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
18	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	_	_	20 ἵπποι	cc	high	Coordinates οἱ ἵπποι with τὸ πένταθλον.
19	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 ἵπποι	det	high
20	ἵπποι	ἵππος	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 γενήσεσθαι	nsubj	medium	Finite-verb syntax may allow nominative subject alongside accusative τὸ πένταθλον; coordinated subject of γενήσεσθαι.
21	γενήσεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-FMN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Fut\|Voice=Mid	12 ἔμελλε	xcomp	high	Infinitive complement of ἔμελλε.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2 ἐκράτει	punct	high

← 5.9.2 5.9.4 →