Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 5.9.3

← 5.9.2 5.9.4 →

Passage 5.9.3

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

91Greek tokens

3,145input tokens

6,431output tokens

Sentence 1

5.9.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 41
Input: 970
Output: 2,784
Total: 3,754

ὁ δὲ κόσμος ὁ περὶ τὸν ἀγῶνα ἐφʼ ἡμῶν, ὡς θύεσθαι τῷ θεῷ τὰ ἱερεῖα πεντάθλου μὲν καὶ δρόμου τῶν ἵππων ὕστερα , τῶν δὲ λοιπῶν πρότερα ἀγωνισμάτων, οὗτος κατέστη σφίσιν ὁ κόσμος Ὀλυμπιάδι ἑβδόμῃ πρὸς ταῖς ἑβδομήκοντα·

Main clause is ὁ ... κόσμος ... κατέστη; the intervening ὡς/infinitival material is parenthetical and partly elliptical, so several attachments are approximate.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S-NSM	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	3 κόσμος	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	3 κόσμος	discourse	high
3	κόσμος	κόσμος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 κατέστη	nsubj	high
4	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S-NSM	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ἀγῶνα	det	high
5	περὶ	περί	ADP	R	_	7 ἀγῶνα	case	high
6	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S-ASM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 ἀγῶνα	det	high
7	ἀγῶνα	ἀγών	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 κόσμος	nmod	high
8	ἐφʼ	ἐπί	ADP	R	_	9 ἡμῶν	case	high
9	ἡμῶν	ἐγώ	PRON	P-1GP	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|PronType=Prs	3 κόσμος	obl	medium	Likely adverbial/genitive phrase with ἐπί; exact attachment somewhat uncertain.
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 κόσμος	punct	high
11	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	C	_	12 θύεσθαι	mark	high
12	θύεσθαι	θύω	VERB	V-PEMN	Aspect=Imp\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	32 κατέστη	advcl	medium	Infinitival clause introduced by ὡς; semantic relation approximate.
13	τῷ	ὁ	DET	S-DSM	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 θεῷ	det	high
14	θεῷ	θεός	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 θύεσθαι	obl	high
15	τὰ	ὁ	DET	P-APN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 ἱερεῖα	det	high
16	ἱερεῖα	ἱερείον	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 θύεσθαι	obj	high
17	πεντάθλου	πένταθλον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 ὕστερα	nmod	medium	Genitive modifier of ὕστερα; could also be taken with the coordinated noun phrase.
18	μὲν	μέν	PART	F	_	23 ὕστερα	discourse	high
19	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CO	_	23 ὕστερα	cc	high
20	δρόμου	δρόμος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 ὕστερα	nmod	high
21	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 ἵππων	det	high
22	ἵππων	ἵππος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	20 δρόμου	nmod	high
23	ὕστερα	ὕστερος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 θύεσθαι	advcl	medium	Adverbial/predicative use with omitted copula; relation to infinitive is interpretive.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	23 ὕστερα	punct	high
25	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P-GPN	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	27 λοιπῶν	det	high
26	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	27 λοιπῶν	discourse	high
27	λοιπῶν	λοιπός	ADJ	A-GPN	Case=Gen\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἀγωνισμάτων	amod	high
28	πρότερα	πρότερος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	12 θύεσθαι	advcl	medium	Parallel to ὕστερα; syntax inferred from ellipsis.
29	ἀγωνισμάτων	ἀγώνισμα	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 πρότερα	nmod	high
30	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	28 πρότερα	punct	high
31	οὗτος	οὗτος	PRON	PD-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	3 κόσμος	appos	high
32	κατέστη	καθίστημι	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
33	σφίσιν	σφεῖς	PRON	P-P3DP	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	32 κατέστη	obl	high
34	ὁ	ὁ	DET	S-NSM	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	35 κόσμος	det	high
35	κόσμος	κόσμος	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 κατέστη	nsubj	high
36	Ὀλυμπιάδι	Ὀλυμπιάς	NOUN	N-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 κατέστη	obl	high
37	ἑβδόμῃ	ἕβδομος	ADJ	A-DSF	Case=Dat\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 Ὀλυμπιάδι	amod	high
38	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R	_	40 ἑβδομήκοντα	case	high
39	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	P-DPF	Case=Dat\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	40 ἑβδομήκοντα	det	high
40	ἑβδομήκοντα	ἑβδομήκοντα	NUM	M	Case=Dat\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	32 κατέστη	obl	high	Form is morphologically ambiguous; treated as dative plural with πρὸς.
41	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	32 κατέστη	punct	high

Sentence 3

5.9.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 13
Input: 685
Output: 931
Total: 1,616

τότε δὲ προήχθησαν ἐς νύκτα οἱ παγκρατιάζοντες ἅτε οὐ κατὰ καιρὸν ἐσκληθέντες,

Main clause has a temporal adverbial and a participial causal/attendant clause; ἐσκληθέντες is morphologically uncertain in the transmitted form.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τότε	τότε	ADV	D---------	_	3 προήχθησαν	advmod	high	temporal adverb
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	3 προήχθησαν	discourse	high	postpositive connective
3	προήχθησαν	προάγω	VERB	V-3AAPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Pass	0 ROOT	root	high	main verb
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	5 νύκτα	case	high	governs accusative
5	νύκτα	νύξ	NOUN	N-SFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 προήχθησαν	obl	high	temporal destination/extent
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	l-pmn---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 παγκρατιάζοντες	det	high	article
7	παγκρατιάζοντες	παγκρατιάζω	VERB	V-PAAP-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	3 προήχθησαν	nsubj	high	substantival participle used as subject
8	ἅτε	ἅτε	SCONJ	C--------	_	12 ἐσκληθέντες	mark	high	introduces causal/reason clause
9	οὐ	οὐ	PART	O--------	_	12 ἐσκληθέντες	advmod	high	negation
10	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	R--------	_	11 καιρὸν	case	high	governs accusative
11	καιρὸν	καιρός	NOUN	N-SMA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἐσκληθέντες	obl	high	adverbial accusative with κατά
12	ἐσκληθέντες	σκαλίζω	VERB	V-APP-PNM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	7 παγκρατιάζοντες	advcl	low	form likely from σκαλέω/σκαλίζω? Interpreted as passive participle 'summoned/called'; orthography uncertain
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	3 προήχθησαν	punct	high	punctuation

Sentence 4

5.9.3 sentence 4

Tokens: 15
Input: 698
Output: 1,109
Total: 1,807

αἴτιοι δὲ ἐγένοντο οἵ τε ἵπποι καὶ ἐς πλέον ἔτι ἡ τῶν πεντάθλων ἅμιλλα·

The syntax is elliptical/coordinate: αἴτιοι is predicative with ἐγένοντο, and the cause is expressed by a coordination of οἵ τε ἵπποι and ἡ τῶν πεντάθλων ἅμιλλα, with ἐς πλέον ἔτι modifying the latter clause-like phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	αἴτιοι	αἴτιος	ADJ	A- NPM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐγένοντο	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ἐγένοντο.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	DE	_	3 ἐγένοντο	discourse	high	Postpositive connective particle.
3	ἐγένοντο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-2AMI--3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the clause.
4	οἵ	ὁ	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	6 ἵπποι	det	high	Article used substantivally with ἵπποι.
5	τε	τε	PART	G	_	4 οἵ	cc	medium	Correlative connective with καί.
6	ἵπποι	ἵππος	NOUN	N-PNM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐγένοντο	nsubj	high	Subject coordinated with the following clause-like phrase.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	11 ἡ	cc	high	Links the second coordinated cause/subject phrase.
8	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	9 πλέον	case	high	Preposition governing πλέον.
9	πλέον	πλέον	ADV	B	_	3 ἐγένοντο	advmod	medium	Comparative adverb; clause-level modifier.
10	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	D	_	9 πλέον	advmod	high	Modifies πλέον.
11	ἡ	ὁ	DET	P-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	14 ἅμιλλα	det	high	Article for ἅμιλλα.
12	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	13 πεντάθλων	det	high	Article in genitive phrase modifying πεντάθλων.
13	πεντάθλων	πένταθλον	NOUN	N-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ἅμιλλα	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of ἅμιλλα.
14	ἅμιλλα	ἅμιλλα	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	3 ἐγένοντο	nsubj	high	Second coordinated subject or cause phrase with καί.
15	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	3 ἐγένοντο	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 5

5.9.3 sentence 5

Tokens: 22
Input: 792
Output: 1,607
Total: 2,399

καὶ ἐκράτει μὲν Ἀθηναῖος Καλλίας τοὺς παγκρατιάσαντας, ἐμπόδιον δὲ οὐκ ἔμελλε παγκρατίῳ τοῦ λοιποῦ τὸ πένταθλον οὐδὲ οἱ ἵπποι γενήσεσθαι.

Two coordinated clauses contrast Καλλίας’ victories with the future obstacle-status of the pentathlon and the horses; infinitival γενήσεσθαι depends on ἔμελλε.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	2 ἐκράτει	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
2	ἐκράτει	κρατέω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of first clause.
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	2 ἐκράτει	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
4	Ἀθηναῖος	Ἀθηναῖος	ADJ	A-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Καλλίας	amod	high	Attributive adjective with Καλλίας.
5	Καλλίας	Καλλίας	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 ἐκράτει	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐκράτει.
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	7 παγκρατιάσαντας	det	high	Article with participle as substantivized phrase.
7	παγκρατιάσαντας	παγκρατιάζω	VERB	V-APA-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	2 ἐκράτει	obj	high	Accusative participle functioning as object phrase.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	2 ἐκράτει	punct	high	Punctuation.
9	ἐμπόδιον	ἐμπόδιον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 γενήσεσθαι	xcomp	medium	Predicative complement with γενήσεσθαι; relation uncertain.
10	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	12 ἔμελλε	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
11	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	_	12 ἔμελλε	advmod	high	Negation.
12	ἔμελλε	μέλλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	2 ἐκράτει	conj	high	Second clause verb coordinated with ἐκράτει.
13	παγκρατίῳ	παγκράτιον	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 γενήσεσθαι	obl	medium	Dative with μέλλω, indicating respect/area; could be construed differently.
14	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	RA-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	15 λοιποῦ	det	high	Article.
15	λοιποῦ	λοιπός	ADJ	A-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 γενήσεσθαι	obl	medium	Genitive temporal expression with the infinitive clause.
16	τὸ	ὁ	DET	RA-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	17 πένταθλον	det	high	Article.
17	πένταθλον	πένταθλον	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 γενήσεσθαι	nsubj	high	Subject of infinitive γενήσεσθαι.
18	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 γενήσεσθαι	cc	high	Negative coordinating conjunction.
19	οἱ	ὁ	DET	RA-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 ἵπποι	det	high	Article.
20	ἵπποι	ἵππος	NOUN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 γενήσεσθαι	nsubj	high	Second coordinated subject of γενήσεσθαι.
21	γενήσεσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-FN	Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	12 ἔμελλε	xcomp	high	Complement infinitive of ἔμελλε.
22	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	2 ἐκράτει	punct	high	Punctuation.

← 5.9.2 5.9.4 →