Grammar parses for passage 5.9.4
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγωνοθετοῦσιν οὐ κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἃ καθεστηκότα ἦν ἐξ ἀρχῆς καὶ ἐφʼ ἡμῶν ἐς αὐτοὺς νομίζουσιν,
The sentence has an elliptical/complex construction: τὰ ἐπὶ τοῖς ἀγωνοθετοῦσιν is the topical subject, with κατὰ τὰ αὐτά governing an understood comparison; ἃ καθεστηκότα ἦν is a relative clause, and νομίζουσιν takes αὐτούς as object. The antecedent and exact scope of ἃ are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--NPA---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 νομίζουσιν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural article, topical subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 τοῖς | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPD---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀγωνοθετοῦσιν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀγωνοθετοῦσιν | ἀγωνοθετέω | VERB | V-PPADMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 20 νομίζουσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized dative present participle, ‘those who conduct the games’; governed by ἐπί. |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | advmod | high | Negates the finite predicate. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 αὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 9 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | ADJ | A-PNPA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 νομίζουσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective in the phrase κατὰ τὰ αὐτά, ‘in the same respects/ways’. |
| 10 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P-NPAN---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 καθεστηκότα | obj | low | Relative pronoun; syntactic relation to καθεστηκότα is uncertain because of the elliptical construction. |
| 11 | καθεστηκότα | καθίστημι | VERB | V-RPANPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Perfect active participle, predicative/complementary with ἦν; agrees with an understood neuter plural subject. |
| 12 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SIAIM- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 νομίζουσιν | ccomp | medium | Imperfect of εἰμί with participial complement; singular despite neuter plural participle, likely due to constructional/elliptical agreement. |
| 13 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 ἀρχῆς | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 14 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-GSF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 καθεστηκότα | obl | high | Temporal/source phrase, ἐξ ἀρχῆς. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐφʼ | cc | high | Coordinates the temporal phrases. |
| 16 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ἡμῶν | case | high | Elided preposition ἐπί with genitive. |
| 17 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1GP---- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 11 καθεστηκότα | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, ‘in our time’. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 19 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-3APM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 20 νομίζουσιν | obj | high | Object of νομίζουσιν within the prepositional phrase ἐς αὐτούς. |
| 20 | νομίζουσιν | νομίζω | VERB | V-3PPIA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main finite verb; subject is the topical substantivized τὰ. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 νομίζουσιν | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ Ἴφιτος μὲν τὸν ἀγῶνα ἔθηκεν αὐτὸς μόνος, καὶ μετὰ Ἴφιτον ἐτίθεσαν ὡσαύτως οἱ ἀπὸ Ὀξύλου·
The second coordinated clause has ἐτίθεσαν as its predicate, with οἱ ἀπὸ Ὀξύλου as a substantivized subject and μετὰ Ἴφιτον as a temporal/sequence adjunct.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἔθηκεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἴφιτος | Ἴφιτος | PROPN | N--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔθηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 6 ἔθηκεν | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν with the following καί. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἀγῶνα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀγῶνα | ἀγών | NOUN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἔθηκεν | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἔθηκεν | τίθημι | VERB | V--AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P--SMN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 6 ἔθηκεν | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, reinforcing the subject Ἴφιτος. |
| 8 | μόνος | μόνος | ADJ | A--SMN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 αὐτὸς | amod | high | |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔθηκεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐτίθεσαν | cc | high | |
| 11 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P--SA | AdpType=Prep | 12 Ἴφιτον | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἴφιτον | Ἴφιτος | PROPN | N--SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐτίθεσαν | obl | high | |
| 13 | ἐτίθεσαν | τίθημι | VERB | V--IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 6 ἔθηκεν | conj | high | Imperfect plural with οἱ ἀπὸ Ὀξύλου as subject. |
| 14 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 ἐτίθεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Ὀξύλου | det | high | Article substantivizing the prepositional phrase. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P--SG | AdpType=Prep | 17 Ὀξύλου | case | high | |
| 17 | Ὀξύλου | Ὄξυλος | PROPN | N--SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐτίθεσαν | nsubj | high | With οἱ ἀπό, ‘those from Oxylus’. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔθηκεν | punct | high |
πεντηκοστῇ δὲ Ὀλυμπιάδι ἀνδράσι δύο ἐξ ἁπάντων λαχοῦσιν Ἠλείων ἐπετράπη ποιῆσαι τὰ Ὀλύμπια, καὶ ἐπὶ πλεῖστον ἀπὸ ἐκείνου διέμεινε τῶν ἀγωνοθετῶν ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν δύο.
The first clause is a passive impersonal construction with dative ἀνδράσι and complementary infinitive ποιῆσαι; the coordinated clause has ὁ ἀριθμός as subject and τῶν δύο as a specifying genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεντηκοστῇ | πεντηκοστός | ADJ | A--fs----d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐπετράπη | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--fs---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπετράπη | obl | high | Dative of time. |
| 4 | ἀνδράσι | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--mp---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐπετράπη | iobj | medium | Dative recipient/agent with the passive ἐπετράπη. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=_|Number=Plur | 4 ἀνδράσι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ἀνδράσι. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἁπάντων | case | high | |
| 7 | ἁπάντων | ἅπας | ADJ | A--mp---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λαχοῦσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive after ἐξ. |
| 8 | λαχοῦσιν | λαγχάνω | VERB | V--papmdg- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἀνδράσι | acl | medium | Aorist participle agreeing with ἀνδράσι; construed with ἐξ ἁπάντων. |
| 9 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A--mp---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 λαχοῦσιν | nmod | high | Genitive of the Eleans. |
| 10 | ἐπετράπη | ἐπιτρέπω | VERB | V--api-s-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal/passive construction: it was entrusted. |
| 11 | ποιῆσαι | ποιέω | VERB | V--aan--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπετράπη | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 12 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L--np---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 Ὀλύμπια | det | high | |
| 13 | Ὀλύμπια | Ὀλύμπια | PROPN | N--np---a- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ποιῆσαι | obj | high | Festival name, object of ποιῆσαι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπετράπη | punct | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 διέμεινε | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 πλεῖστον | case | high | With superlative πλεῖστον. |
| 17 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 20 διέμεινε | advmod | high | Adverbial superlative: for the longest period. |
| 18 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 ἐκείνου | case | high | |
| 19 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P--mg-s-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 διέμεινε | obl | high | Genitive after ἀπό. |
| 20 | διέμεινε | διαμένω | VERB | V--aai-s-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 ἐπετράπη | conj | high | Coordinated predicate: the number remained. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--mp---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀγωνοθετῶν | det | high | |
| 22 | ἀγωνοθετῶν | ἀγωνοθέτης | NOUN | N--mp---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀριθμός. |
| 23 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--ms---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἀριθμὸς | det | high | |
| 24 | ἀριθμὸς | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N--ms---n- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 διέμεινε | nsubj | high | Subject of διέμεινε. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L--mp---g- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 δύο | det | high | |
| 26 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 24 ἀριθμὸς | nmod | high | Partitive/genitive complement specifying the number: of two. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπετράπη | punct | high |