Grammar parses for passage 6.1.4
Open translation for this passage
Κλεογένην δὲ Σιληνοῦ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησιν εἶναι τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, ἐκ δὲ ἀγέλης αὐτὸν οἰκείας ἵππῳ κρατῆσαι κέλητι.
φησιν governs an accusative-and-infinitive construction: Κλεογένην ... εἶναι, with coordinated κρατῆσαι and its own accusative subject αὐτόν; τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ is treated as a relative/adjectival phrase modifying ἐπίγραμμα, though the relative element is substantivized and syntactically compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεογένην | Κλεογένης | PROPN | Nb_----AccSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 φησιν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι/κρατῆσαι under φησιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 φησιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Σιληνοῦ | Σιληνός | PROPN | Nb_----GenSing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | nmod | high | Possessive/genitival modifier of ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--N----AccSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | Nb--N----AccSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 φησιν | obj | high | Object of φησιν; the following relative clause modifies it. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S--N----AccSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπʼ | det | high | Article substantivally introducing the prepositional relative phrase. |
| 7 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 αὐτῷ | case | high | |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P------DatSing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | acl:relcl | medium | Prepositional phrase ‘on/about him’, with the relative clause copular relation understood; token 6 is treated as its article. |
| 9 | φησιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3Sing | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 φησιν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of φησιν. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S--G----GenPlur | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπιχωρίων | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐπιχωρίων | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A--G-M----GenPlur | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἶναι | obl | medium | Partitive/predicative genitive with εἶναι: ‘to be one of the locals’. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φησιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 ἀγέλης | case | high | |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 κρατῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival assertion with the first. |
| 16 | ἀγέλης | ἀγέλη | NOUN | Nb--F---GenSing | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obl | high | Source phrase with ἐκ. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P------AccSing | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 20 κρατῆσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive κρατῆσαι. |
| 18 | οἰκείας | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A--F---GenSing | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀγέλης | amod | high | Agrees with ἀγέλης. |
| 19 | ἵππῳ | ἵππος | NOUN | Nb--M---DatSing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obl | high | Dative of means/manner. |
| 20 | κρατῆσαι | κρατέω | VERB | V-AAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 10 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Coordinated infinitive dependent on the same φησιν construction. |
| 21 | κέλητι | κέλης | NOUN | Nb--M---DatSing | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obl | high | Dative of means: ‘with/on a racehorse’. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φησιν | punct | high |
πλησίον δὲ τοῦ Κλεογένους Δεινόλοχός τε κεῖται Πύρρου τε καὶ Τρωίλος Ἀλκίνου.
κεῖται governs the coordinated nominative names Δεινόλοχος and Τρωίλος; πλησίον takes the genitive Κλεογένους, while Πύρρου τε καὶ Τρωίλος Ἀλκίνου is interpreted as a coordinated pair of tomb occupants/associated names.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πλησίον | πλησίον | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 κεῖται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 κεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T- GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 Κλεογένους | det | high | |
| 4 | Κλεογένους | Κλεογένης | PROPN | N- GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πλησίον | obl | medium | Genitive complement of πλησίον. |
| 5 | Δεινόλοχός | Δεινόλοχος | PROPN | N- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κεῖται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Δεινόλοχός | cc | high | First member of correlative coordination. |
| 7 | κεῖται | κεῖμαι | VERB | V- PNI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Πύρρου | Πύρρος | PROPN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Τρωίλος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Τρωίλος. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Τρωίλος | cc | high | Second member of correlative coordination. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Τρωίλος | cc | high | Coordinates the second paired name. |
| 11 | Τρωίλος | Τρωίλος | PROPN | N- NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 κεῖται | conj | high | Coordinated nominative subject with Δεινόλοχος. |
| 12 | Ἀλκίνου | Ἀλκίνος | PROPN | N- GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Τρωίλος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Τρωίλος. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 κεῖται | punct | high |
τούτοις γένος μὲν καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν ἐξ Ἤλιδος, γεγόνασι δέ σφισιν οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ αἱ νῖκαι·
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: γένος ... ἐστιν with a genitive of origin, followed by γεγόνασι with νῖκαι as subject and σφισιν as a dative of reference/possession; the exact semantic force of γεγόνασι is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτοις | οὗτος | PRON | PD-Dat.Pl.N | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative demonstrative, substantival: ‘to these/them’. |
| 2 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-Nom/Acc.Sg.N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Neuter nominative subject of ἐστιν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 6 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with δέ. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 αὐτοῖς | advmod | high | here additive, ‘also/even’. |
| 5 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | PX-Dat.Pl.M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Dative of possession/reference with γένος ἐστιν. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V- pres ind act 3sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root of the first clause. |
| 7 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP-GEN | _ | 8 Ἤλιδος | case | high | Preposition governing Ἤλιδος. |
| 8 | Ἤλιδος | Ἦλις | PROPN | N-Gen.Sg.F | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive of origin with γένος. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | γεγόνασι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-Perf-Act-Ind-3Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated clause; perfect can mean ‘have come about/occurred’. |
| 11 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 10 γεγόνασι | cc | high | Adversative/continuative coordinator. |
| 12 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-Dat.Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 10 γεγόνασι | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference: ‘for them’. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | NEG | Polarity=Neg | 10 γεγόνασι | advmod | high | Negates the verbal predicate. |
| 14 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP-ACC | _ | 15 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing ταὐτά. |
| 15 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | PD-Acc.Pl.N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 γεγόνασι | obl | high | Crasis of τὰ αὐτά; accusative with κατά, ‘in the same way’. |
| 16 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | DA-Nom.Pl.F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 νῖκαι | det | high | Article modifying νῖκαι. |
| 17 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-Nom.Pl.F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 γεγόνασι | nsubj | high | Subject of γεγόνασι; ‘victories’. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 γεγόνασι | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἑλλανοδικεῖν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἵππων ὑπῆρξεν ἀνελέσθαι νίκας τῷ Τρωίλῳ δὲ τελείᾳ τε συνωρίδι καὶ πώλων ἅρματι
The sentence contrasts the event in which the subject judged horse contests with the victories available to Troilus; the final datives coordinate the chariot-team and foal-chariot events.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | det | high | Article substantivizes the infinitive. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | discourse | high | Correlative with δέ (14). |
| 4 | ἑλλανοδικεῖν | ἑλλανοδικέω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized articular infinitive, coordinated with ἀνελέσθαι. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | cc | high | |
| 6 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the judging activity. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἵππων | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | obl | medium | Genitive associated with ἑλλανοδικεῖν, likely judging horse events. |
| 9 | ὑπῆρξεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἀνελέσθαι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ὑπῆρξεν. |
| 11 | νίκας | νίκη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνελέσθαι | obj | high | |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Τρωίλῳ | det | high | |
| 13 | Τρωίλῳ | Τρωῖλος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | iobj | high | Dative of recipient/possessor. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | cc | high | Correlative with μέν (3). |
| 15 | τελείᾳ | τέλειος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 συνωρίδι | amod | high | |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 συνωρίδι | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative event expressions. |
| 17 | συνωρίδι | συνωρίς | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Τρωίλῳ | obl | high | Dative indicating the chariot-team event. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἅρματι | cc | high | |
| 19 | πώλων | πῶλος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἅρματι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἅρματι. |
| 20 | ἅρματι | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 Τρωίλῳ | obl | high | Second dative event expression, coordinated conceptually with συνωρίδι. |
---Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ ἐκράτει δευτέρᾳ πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν,
The sentence is elliptical: ἐκράτει means ‘he/she/it held power’ with an unexpressed subject; Ὀλυμπιάδι δευτέρᾳ πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν gives the Olympiad date, with πρὸς governing the dative phrase. The initial three hyphens are preserved as punctuation tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | punct | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | punct | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | punct | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | punct | high | |
| 4 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκράτει | obl | high | Dative of time/date. |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 6 | ἐκράτει | κρατέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject is unexpressed from context. |
| 7 | δευτέρᾳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | Agrees with Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἑκατόν | case | high | Introduces the complementary dating phrase. |
| 9 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | P---DFP- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἑκατόν | det | high | Article with an implicit feminine numeral noun phrase. |
| 10 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | M-------- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | nmod | medium | Indeclinable numeral in the phrase πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν; exact ellipsis/attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | punct | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | punct | high |