Grammar parses for passage 6.1.4
Open translation for this passage
Κλεογένην δὲ Σιληνοῦ τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ φησιν εἶναι τῶν ἐπιχωρίων, ἐκ δὲ ἀγέλης αὐτὸν οἰκείας ἵππῳ κρατῆσαι κέλητι.
The syntax is compressed and somewhat ambiguous: τὸ ἐπίγραμμα τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ forms the subject of φησιν, while εἶναι takes the genitive complement τῶν ἐπιχωρίων and an accusative subject Κλεογένην; the second infinitival phrase κρατῆσαι is also dependent on φησιν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλεογένην | Κλεογένης | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Subject of infinitive εἶναι; accusative with indirect discourse. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 φησιν | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Σιληνοῦ | Σιληνός | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἐπίγραμμα, likely possessor/attributive. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Article with ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 5 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 φησιν | nsubj | high | Subject of φησιν. |
| 6 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | det | high | Article with participial phrase ἐπʼ αὐτῷ. |
| 7 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | Case=Dat | 8 αὐτῷ | case | high | Enclitic form before dative. |
| 8 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπίγραμμα | amod | medium | Part of attributive phrase modifying ἐπίγραμμα; gender uncertain from antecedent reference. |
| 9 | φησιν | φημί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φησιν | ccomp | high | Complement of φησιν. |
| 11 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπιχωρίων | det | high | Article with ἐπιχωρίων. |
| 12 | ἐπιχωρίων | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εἶναι | obl | medium | Genitive predicate/complement with εἶναι; likely partitive/source sense. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φησιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | Case=Gen | 16 ἀγέλης | case | high | Preposition. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 κρατῆσαι | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 16 | ἀγέλης | ἀγέλη | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obl | high | Prepositional object with ἐκ. |
| 17 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obj | high | Object of κρατῆσαι. |
| 18 | οἰκείας | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀγέλης | amod | high | Modifies ἀγέλης. |
| 19 | ἵππῳ | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obl | medium | Dative instrument/means with κρατῆσαι. |
| 20 | κρατῆσαι | κρατέω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 φησιν | ccomp | high | Infinitival complement coordinated/juxtaposed with εἶναι? Here complementary infinitive under φησιν. |
| 21 | κέλητι | κέλης | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 κρατῆσαι | obl | medium | Likely instrumental dative, parallel to ἵππῳ. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 φησιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τούτοις γένος μὲν καὶ αὐτοῖς ἐστιν ἐξ Ἤλιδος, γεγόνασι δέ σφισιν οὐ κατὰ ταὐτὰ αἱ νῖκαι·
The sentence is paratactic, with two finite clauses joined by μέν ... δέ; the second clause has a dative of reference (σφισιν) and an adverbial phrase κατὰ ταὐτά.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτοις | οὗτος | DET | RD-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 2 γένος | nmod | high | Dative demonstrative modifying γένος; could be pronominal. |
| 2 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 2 γένος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 αὐτοῖς | cc | high | Links αὐτοῖς with τούτοις in emphatic coordination. |
| 5 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | RP-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 2 γένος | conj | medium | Likely coordinated/emphatic dative with τούτοις; syntax somewhat loose. |
| 6 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main clause verb. |
| 7 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἤλιδος | case | high | Preposition governing Ἤλιδος. |
| 8 | Ἤλιδος | Ἦλις | PROPN | N-PRI-GS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐστιν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐξ. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | γεγόνασι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second finite clause; likely paratactic with ἐστιν. |
| 11 | δέ | δέ | PART | PTCL | _ | 10 γεγόνασι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP-DFP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 10 γεγόνασι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/advantage with γεγόνασι. |
| 13 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTCL | _ | 15 ταὐτὰ | advmod | high | Negates the phrase κατὰ ταὐτὰ. |
| 14 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ταὐτὰ | case | high | Preposition governing ταὐτὰ. |
| 15 | ταὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 10 γεγόνασι | obl | medium | With κατὰ, adverbial accusative 'in the same way'; lemma normalized to αὐτός. |
| 16 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NFP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 νῖκαι | det | high | Article modifying νῖκαι. |
| 17 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-NFP | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 γεγόνασι | nsubj | high | Subject of γεγόνασι. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 γεγόνασι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἀλλὰ τῷ μὲν ἑλλανοδικεῖν τε ὁμοῦ καὶ ἵππων ὑπῆρξεν ἀνελέσθαι νίκας τῷ Τρωίλῳ δὲ τελείᾳ τε συνωρίδι καὶ πώλων ἅρματι
The clause has a correlative structure with μὲν ... δὲ and an impersonal main verb; the first half is syntactically compressed, and case relations with ἑλλανοδικεῖν/ἵππων are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | cc | high | Adversative coordinator introducing the clause. |
| 2 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | det | high | Article with infinitive. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | ἑλλανοδικεῖν | ἑλλανοδικέω | VERB | V-PAIN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | nsubj | medium | Articular infinitive functioning as subject/complement of the impersonal verb. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἑλλανοδικεῖν | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 6 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | _ | _ | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ὑπῆρξεν. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἵππων | cc | high | Coordinates ἵππων with preceding genitive phrase. |
| 8 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-P-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent of ἑλλανοδικεῖν / perhaps of the infinitival construction. |
| 9 | ὑπῆρξεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-AIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 10 | ἀνελέσθαι | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AMN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on ὑπῆρξεν. |
| 11 | νίκας | νίκη | NOUN | N-P-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνελέσθαι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀνελέσθαι. |
| 12 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἅρματι | det | high | Article with following noun. |
| 13 | Τρωίλῳ | Τρώϊλος | PROPN | N-S-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἅρματι | obl | high | Dative of respect/possession with ἅρματι. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἅρματι | discourse | high | Correlative/discourse particle. |
| 15 | τελείᾳ | τέλειος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 συνωρίδι | amod | high | Modifies συνωρίδι. |
| 16 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 15 τελείᾳ | discourse | high | Enclitic particle. |
| 17 | συνωρίδι | συνωρίς | NOUN | N-S-DF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἅρματι | conj | medium | Conjoined with the following dative noun phrase. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 πώλων | cc | high | Coordinates πώλων with συνωρίδι. |
| 19 | πώλων | πῶλος | NOUN | N-P-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἅρματι | nmod | high | Dependent genitive with ἅρματι. |
| 20 | ἅρματι | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-S-DN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ὑπῆρξεν | obl | high | Second dative phrase; likely coordinated with συνωρίδι. |
---Ὀλυμπιάδι δὲ ἐκράτει δευτέρᾳ πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν,
The syntax is compressed/elliptical; ἐκράτει is the main verb, with Ὀλυμπιάδι as a dative dependent and the final prepositional-numeral phrase as an additional oblique expression.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | punct | high | Sentence-initial dash/punctuation. |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | punct | high | Sentence-initial dash/punctuation. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ὀλυμπιάδι | punct | high | Sentence-initial dash/punctuation. |
| 4 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | NNFS-DAT | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκράτει | obl | high | Dative of reference/possessor with κράτει. |
| 5 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 6 | ἐκράτει | κρατέω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, main predicate. |
| 7 | δευτέρᾳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | APFS-DAT | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἑκατόν | amod | medium | Likely adjectival modifier of an understood feminine noun in the phrase πρὸς ταῖς ἑκατόν. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R | _ | 10 ἑκατόν | case | high | Preposition governing the following noun phrase. |
| 9 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | DDPF-DAT | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 10 ἑκατόν | det | high | Article with ἑκατόν. |
| 10 | ἑκατόν | ἑκατόν | NUM | NU | Case=Dat|Number=Plur | 6 ἐκράτει | obl | medium | Numeral phrase with preposition; form and syntax are somewhat irregular here. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐκράτει | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |