Grammar parses for passage 6.1.7
Open translation for this passage
εἰσὶ δὲ Λακεδαιμόνιοι καὶ ἐφεξῆς ἀνακείμενοι τῇ Κυνίσκᾳ, ἵππων νῖκαι γεγόνασιν αὐτοῖς·
The sentence asserts that Lacedaemonians are listed next, dedicated to Cynisca; victories in horse-racing have accrued to them. The participle ἀνακείμενοι is nominative masculine plural and coordinated with Λακεδαιμόνιοι; γεγόνασιν has νῖκαι as subject, with αὐτοῖς as dative of possession/association.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | cop | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 γεγόνασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Substantival ethnic name. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀνακείμενοι | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | ADV | _ | 6 ἀνακείμενοι | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘in succession/next’. |
| 6 | ἀνακείμενοι | ἀνάκειμαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 3 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | conj | high | Predicative/participial adjunct coordinated with the ethnic subject. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Κυνίσκᾳ | det | high | |
| 8 | Κυνίσκᾳ | Κυνίσκα | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνακείμενοι | obl | high | Dative with ἀνάκειμαι, likely indicating dedication to Cynisca. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 γεγόνασιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 νῖκαι | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the kind/domain of victories: horse victories. |
| 11 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | Subject of γεγόνασιν. |
| 12 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 3 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | parataxis | medium | Perfect of γίγνομαι; syntactically a second assertion associated with the preceding clause. |
| 13 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 12 γεγόνασιν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or reference: victories have occurred to/for them. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | punct | high |
Ἀνάξανδρος μὲν ἅρματι ἀνηγορεύθη πρῶτος, τὸ δὲ ἐπίγραμμά φησι τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ τοῦ πατρὸς τοῦ Ἀναξάνδρου πρότερον ἔτι στεφανωθῆναι τὸν πατέρα πεντάθλῳ.
The second clause has an accusative-and-infinitive construction: the inscription says that Anaxander's father had earlier been crowned in the pentathlon; τὸ ἐπʼ αὐτῷ is the inscription concerning him, with αὐτῷ referring to Anaxander. The precise semantic relation of πεντάθλῳ is slightly elliptical but is best treated as an instrumental/dative adjunct to στεφανωθῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀνάξανδρος | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | N--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνηγορεύθη | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 4 ἀνηγορεύθη | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ. |
| 3 | ἅρματι | ἅρμα | NOUN | N--SDN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνηγορεύθη | obl | high | Dative of event/category: in chariot racing. |
| 4 | ἀνηγορεύθη | ἀναγορεύω | VERB | V3SPI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist passive form, conventionally ‘was proclaimed/recorded’; some analyses may treat the form as perfective passive. |
| 5 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνηγορεύθη | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective, ‘first’. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἀνηγορεύθη | punct | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπίγραμμά | det | high | Article substantivizing ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 8 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 φησι | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 9 | ἐπίγραμμά | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 φησι | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | φησι | φημί | VERB | V3SPI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Introduces the infinitival reported content. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L--NSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπʼ | det | high | Article with ἐπʼ, forming a substantivized phrase. |
| 12 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R--------- | _ | 10 φησι | obl | medium | Preposition governing the following dative phrase; the phrase modifies ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 13 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P---SDM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 ἐπʼ | obl | high | Refers to Anaxander. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πατρὸς | det | high | |
| 15 | πατρὸς | πατήρ | NOUN | N--SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 στεφανωθῆναι | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the passive infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive-like construction; morphologically genitive, with implied relation to Anaxander. |
| 16 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L--SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀναξάνδρου | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἀναξάνδρου | Ἀνάξανδρος | PROPN | N--SGM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πατρὸς | nmod | high | Possessive genitive: Anaxander's father. |
| 18 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A--------- | Degree=Pos | 20 στεφανωθῆναι | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, ‘earlier/before’. |
| 19 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D--------- | _ | 18 πρότερον | advmod | high | Modifies πρότερον: ‘still/yet earlier’. |
| 20 | στεφανωθῆναι | στεφανόω | VERB | V--ANP--- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 10 φησι | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of φησι. |
| 21 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L--SAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 πατέρα | det | high | |
| 22 | πατέρα | πατήρ | NOUN | N--SAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 στεφανωθῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 23 | πεντάθλῳ | πένταθλον | NOUN | N--SDN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 στεφανωθῆναι | obl | medium | Dative of athletic event/category, ‘in the pentathlon’; elliptical usage. |
| 24 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 φησι | punct | high |
οὗτος μὲν δὴ ἔοικεν εὐχόμενος τῷ θεῷ,
οὗτος is the demonstrative subject; ἔοικεν is perfect-form stative ‘seems/appears’ governing the participle εὐχόμενος, with τῷ θεῷ as the dative addressee of εὔχομαι. μὲν δή are discourse particles.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἔοικεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 4 ἔοικεν | discourse | high | Correlative/discourse particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PTCL | _ | 4 ἔοικεν | discourse | high | Emphatic/discourse particle. |
| 4 | ἔοικεν | ἔοικα | VERB | V-RAPNS3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect form of ἔοικα with present-like stative meaning ‘seems’; tense feature is morphologically perfect despite semantic present. |
| 5 | εὐχόμενος | εὔχομαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 4 ἔοικεν | xcomp | high | Supplementary circumstantial/predicative participle with ἔοικεν. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 7 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εὐχόμενος | obl | high | Dative of the person addressed with εὔχομαι. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔοικεν | punct | high |
Πολυκλῆς δὲ ἐπίκλησιν λαβὼν Πολύχαλκος τεθρίππῳ μὲν καὶ οὗτος ἐκράτησεν, ἡ δὲ εἰκὼν ἐπὶ τῇ χειρὶ ἔχει οἱ τῇ δεξιᾷ ταινίαν·
The sentence has two coordinated clauses. Πολυκλῆς is the subject of λαβών and ἐκράτησεν; Πολύχαλκος is an appositional epithet/name. In the second clause, οἱ is dative of possession/reference with ἔχει, and τῇ δεξιᾷ modifies χειρί; the construction is somewhat compressed and the exact attachment of ἐπὶ τῇ χειρί is interpreted as locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πολυκλῆς | Πολυκλῆς | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐκράτησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐκράτησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐπίκλησιν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 λαβὼν | obj | high | Accusative with λαβών: ‘taking the epithet/name’. |
| 4 | λαβὼν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V--AAP-N---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 10 ἐκράτησεν | advcl | high | Participial circumstance preceding the finite verb. |
| 5 | Πολύχαλκος | Πολύχαλκος | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Πολυκλῆς | appos | medium | Appositional name/epithet of Πολυκλῆς; nominative. |
| 6 | τεθρίππῳ | τέθριππος | ADJ | A-----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐκράτησεν | obl | high | Dative of contest/event: ‘in the four-horse chariot event’. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 ἐκράτησεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle anticipating δέ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 οὗτος | cc | high | Coordinates οὗτος with the preceding subject/name. |
| 9 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | P-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 10 ἐκράτησεν | nsubj | high | Resumptive subject, ‘this man also’. |
| 10 | ἐκράτησεν | κρατέω | VERB | V--AAI3S---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐκράτησεν | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 εἰκὼν | det | high | |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἔχει | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 14 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχει | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 χειρὶ | case | high | With dative χειρί, locative ‘on/upon the hand’. |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 χειρὶ | det | high | |
| 17 | χειρὶ | χείρ | NOUN | N-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχει | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in the locative phrase. |
| 18 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI3S---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 ἐκράτησεν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 19 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 18 ἔχει | iobj | medium | Likely dative of possession/reference, ‘has for him’; orthographic form is ambiguous with the article. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 δεξιᾷ | det | high | |
| 21 | δεξιᾷ | δεξιός | ADJ | A-----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 χειρὶ | amod | high | Agrees with χειρί. |
| 22 | ταινίαν | ταινία | NOUN | N-----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἔχει | obj | high | Thing held by ἔχει. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἔχει | punct | high |