Grammar parses for passage 6.10.4
Open translation for this passage
Δαμαρέτῳ δὲ Ἡραιεῖ υἱῷ τε τοῦ Δαμαρέτου καὶ υἱωνῷ δύο ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ γεγόνασιν ἑκάστῳ νῖκαι,
The syntax is a dative frame with coordinated kinship/appositional datives under Δαμαρέτῳ and a main clause 'δύο νῖκαι γεγόνασιν' with ἑκάστῳ as a distributive dative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαμαρέτῳ | Δαμάρετος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γεγόνασιν | obl | high | Dative of person concerned/possessor with the verbal predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 γεγόνασιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | Ἡραιεῖ | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 υἱῷ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective/name modifying υἱῷ. |
| 4 | υἱῷ | υἱός | NOUN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δαμαρέτῳ | appos | medium | Appositional dative to Δαμαρέτῳ. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 4 υἱῷ | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating/connecting particle. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 Δαμαρέτου | det | high | Article modifying Δαμαρέτου. |
| 7 | Δαμαρέτου | Δαμάρετος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 υἱῷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of υἱῷ, expressing parentage. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 υἱῷ | cc | high | Coordinator linking the two dative appositives. |
| 9 | υἱωνῷ | υἱωνός | NOUN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 υἱῷ | conj | high | Second coordinated dative appositive/kinship term. |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 15 νῖκαι | nummod | high | Cardinal modifying νῖκαι. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ὀλυμπίᾳ. |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-S---FD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γεγόνασιν | obl | high | Locative phrase dependent on γεγόνασιν. |
| 13 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3XPPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 14 | ἑκάστῳ | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-S---DD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γεγόνασιν | obl | medium | Dative of reference/distribution; agrees with implied referent(s). |
| 15 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | Plural nominative subject. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γεγόνασιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
Δαμαρέτῳ μὲν πέμπτῃ ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑξήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι, ὅτε ἐνομίσθη πρῶτον ὁ τοῦ ὁπλίτου δρόμος, καὶ ὡσαύτως τῇ ἐφεξῆς---
The syntax is a temporal frame introduced by Δαμαρέτῳ ... Ὀλυμπιάδι and a ὅτε-clause; the final καὶ ὡσαύτως τῇ ἐφεξῆς is elliptical and somewhat uncertain in attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαμαρέτῳ | Δαμαρέτη | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | obl | medium | Proper name in dative of time/reference; syntactic attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 Δαμαρέτῳ | discourse | high | Correlative/discourse particle. |
| 3 | πέμπτῃ | πέμπτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | Ordinal adjective modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | _ | _ | 7 Ὀλυμπιάδι | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Ὀλυμπιάδι | det | high | Article modifying ἑξήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι as a date phrase. |
| 6 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | _ | NumType=Card | 7 Ὀλυμπιάδι | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | obl | high | Temporal dative expression dependent on ἐνομίσθη. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 10 | ἐνομίσθη | νομίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 11 | πρῶτον | πρῶτον | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | advmod | medium | Adverbial use 'for the first time'; could also be accusative neuter adverbially. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 δρόμος | det | high | Article with δρόμος. |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ὁπλίτου | det | high | Article with ὁπλίτου. |
| 14 | ὁπλίτου | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δρόμος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of δρόμος. |
| 15 | δρόμος | δρόμος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | ccomp | medium | Likely subject/predicate nominal within the ὅτε-clause; parsed as complement of ἐνομίσθη. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 18 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | _ | _ | 20 ἐφεξῆς | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'likewise'. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἐφεξῆς | det | high | Article with ἐφεξῆς. |
| 20 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | conj | medium | Used substantivally/adverbially with article; likely coordinated with the preceding temporal expression. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἀνὰ χρόνον ὑπό τε Ἠλείων καὶ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων τῶν ἄλλων ἀφῃρέθη τοῦ δρόμου---,
The sentence is a passive clause with several prepositional phrases; τοῦ δρόμου is best taken as a genitive of separation/privation dependent on ἀφῃρέθη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | Pd--NPAN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | nsubj | high | Demonstrative pronoun functioning as subject. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 ταῦτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G--------- | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | discourse | high | Emphatic particle modifying the clause. |
| 4 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 χρόνον | case | high | Preposition governing χρόνον. |
| 5 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with ἀνά. |
| 6 | ὑπό | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 Ἠλείων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 7 | τε | τε | PART | G--------- | _ | 6 ὑπό | cc | high | Enclitic coordinating particle. |
| 8 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 10 ὑπὸ | cc | high | Coordinates the second prepositional phrase. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 11 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό; 'other Greeks'. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 ἄλλων | det | high | Article modifying ἄλλων. |
| 13 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλλήνων | amod | high | Attributive adjective; part of the genitive phrase. |
| 14 | ἀφῃρέθη | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-API-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; passive aorist indicative. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 δρόμου | det | high | Article modifying δρόμου. |
| 16 | δρόμου | δρόμος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl | medium | Likely genitive of separation with ἀφῃρέθη, though syntax is somewhat terse. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
Θεοπόμπῳ δὲ τῷ Δαμαρέτου καὶ αὖθις ἐκείνου παιδὶ ὁμωνύμῳ ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ, Θεοπόμπῳ δὲ τῷ δευτέρῳ πάλης ἐγένοντο αἱ νῖκαι.
The sentence has two dative-appositional frames before the main clause; the first is somewhat elliptical, with multiple modifiers attached to παιδί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θεοπόμπῳ | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Dative of reference/time-like frame with ἐγένοντο. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Δαμαρέτου | det | high | Article with Δαμαρέτου. |
| 4 | Δαμαρέτου | Δαμαρέτης | PROPN | N-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παιδὶ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of παιδί. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 αὖθις | cc | high | Connects adverbial modifier to preceding phrase. |
| 6 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D--------- | _ | 8 παιδὶ | advmod | high | Modifies παιδί / phrase meaning 'again'. |
| 7 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | DET | Pd-S---GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 παιδὶ | det | high | Demonstrative with παιδί. |
| 8 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Θεοπόμπῳ | appos | medium | Apposition to Θεοπόμπῳ; semantics somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | ὁμωνύμῳ | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παιδὶ | amod | high | Attributive adjective with παιδί. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πεντάθλῳ | case | high | Introduces pentathlon phrase. |
| 11 | πεντάθλῳ | πένταθλον | NOUN | N-S---DN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 Θεοπόμπῳ | obl | high | Dative governed by ἐπί. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 13 | Θεοπόμπῳ | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Second dative frame with ἐγένοντο. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 δευτέρῳ | det | high | Article with δευτέρῳ. |
| 16 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Θεοπόμπῳ | amod | medium | May function substantivally as 'the second'. |
| 17 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | N-S---GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγένοντο | nmod | high | Genitive of event/sport with ἐγένοντο. |
| 18 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AMI3P- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 νῖκαι | det | high | Article with νῖκαι. |
| 20 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-P---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένοντο. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |