Grammar parses for passage 6.10.4
Open translation for this passage
Δαμαρέτῳ δὲ Ἡραιεῖ υἱῷ τε τοῦ Δαμαρέτου καὶ υἱωνῷ δύο ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ γεγόνασιν ἑκάστῳ νῖκαι,
The dative phrase names Damaretus and his son Heraieus and grandson as coordinated beneficiaries/subjects of γίγνομαι; νῖκαι is the postposed plural subject, with δύο modifying the implied/explicit victories and ἑκάστῳ distributively modifying the dative persons. The exact scope of δύο is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαμαρέτῳ | Δαμαρέτης | PROPN | N-----SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 γεγόνασιν | obl | high | Dative person for whom the victories occurred. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 γεγόνασιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἡραιεῖ | Ἡραιεύς | PROPN | N-----SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 υἱῷ | appos | medium | Personal name in apposition to υἱῷ. |
| 4 | υἱῷ | υἱός | NOUN | N-----SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δαμαρέτῳ | conj | high | Son, coordinated with the following grandson phrase. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 υἱῷ | cc | high | First member of τε καί coordination. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SMGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Δαμαρέτου | det | high | Genitive article modifying Δαμαρέτου. |
| 7 | Δαμαρέτου | Δαμαρέτης | PROPN | N-SM-G- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 υἱῷ | nmod | high | Genitive patronymic dependent on υἱῷ. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 υἱωνῷ | cc | high | Coordinates υἱῷ and υἱωνῷ. |
| 9 | υἱωνῷ | υἱωνός | NOUN | N-----SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δαμαρέτῳ | conj | high | Grandson coordinated with υἱῷ. |
| 10 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Number=Plur | 15 νῖκαι | nummod | medium | Numeral associated with the plural victories; compressed word order leaves its exact scope somewhat uncertain. |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing Ὀλυμπίᾳ. |
| 12 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-----SD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 γεγόνασιν | obl | high | Location of the victories. |
| 13 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3PRAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active form of γίγνομαι, 'have occurred/been won'; plural agrees with νῖκαι. |
| 14 | ἑκάστῳ | ἕκαστος | DET | A-SMDS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Δαμαρέτῳ | det | medium | Distributive modifier of the dative persons, though its placement is separated from them. |
| 15 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N--PFN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | Postposed nominative subject, 'victories'. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 γεγόνασιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Δαμαρέτῳ μὲν πέμπτῃ ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑξήκοντα Ὀλυμπιάδι, ὅτε ἐνομίσθη πρῶτον ὁ τοῦ ὁπλίτου δρόμος, καὶ ὡσαύτως τῇ ἐφεξῆς---
The sentence is truncated after an elliptical coordinated temporal phrase: καὶ ὡσαύτως τῇ ἐφεξῆς means approximately 'and likewise in the next [Olympiad]'; the exact attachment of the opening dative dating phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δαμαρέτῳ | Δαμαρέτη | PROPN | Ne-Sg-Dat | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 πέμπτῃ | obl | medium | Dative of reference/temporal dating; proper name. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 1 Δαμαρέτῳ | discourse | high | |
| 3 | πέμπτῃ | πέμπτος | ADJ | A--SFD | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ὀλυμπιάδι | amod | high | Ordinal modifying Ὀλυμπιάδι. |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 6 ἑξήκοντα | case | high | With accusative numeral phrase, approximately 'after/beyond'. |
| 5 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T--PFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἑξήκοντα | det | high | |
| 6 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | M----P | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 7 Ὀλυμπιάδι | nummod | medium | Cardinal numeral is indeclinable; agreement represented syntactically with the dative plural phrase. |
| 7 | Ὀλυμπιάδι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N--SFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | obl | medium | Dative temporal expression; ἐπὶ ταῖς ἑξήκοντα modifies the ordinal dating. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὅτε | ὅτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 10 | ἐνομίσθη | νομίζω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=Third|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Passive aorist: 'was instituted/recognized'. |
| 11 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | A--SNA | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | advmod | high | Neuter accusative adverbial use, 'first'. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δρόμος | det | high | |
| 13 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ὁπλίτου | det | high | |
| 14 | ὁπλίτου | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N--GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 δρόμος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δρόμος. |
| 15 | δρόμος | δρόμος | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐνομίσθη | nsubj:pass | high | Subject of passive ἐνομίσθη. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | punct | high | |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 20 ἐφεξῆς | cc | medium | Coordinates the elliptical continuation. |
| 18 | ὡσαύτως | ὡσαύτως | ADV | D | _ | 20 ἐφεξῆς | advmod | high | 'Likewise'; modifies the elliptical temporal expression. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T--SFD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἐφεξῆς | det | high | |
| 20 | ἐφεξῆς | ἐφεξῆς | ADV | D | _ | 10 ἐνομίσθη | conj | medium | Substantivized/elliptical 'the next [Olympiad]'; coordinated with the preceding dating. |
| 21 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐφεξῆς | punct | high | Dash marks continuation/ellipsis. |
| 22 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐφεξῆς | punct | high | Dash marks continuation/ellipsis. |
| 23 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἐφεξῆς | punct | high | Dash marks continuation/ellipsis. |
πεποίηται ὁ ἀνδριὰς ἀσπίδα τε κατὰ τὰ αὐτὰ ἔχων τοῖς ἐφʼ ἡμῶν καὶ κράνος ἐπὶ τῇ κεφαλῇ καὶ κνημῖδας ἐπὶ τοῖς ποσί·
The participle ἔχων is circumstantial and governs three coordinated accusative objects: ἀσπίδα, κράνος, and κνημῖδας; the prepositional phrases specify their placement or comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RMP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive indicative; existential/copular use: 'has been made'. |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀνδριὰς | det | high | |
| 3 | ἀνδριὰς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἀσπίδα | ἀσπίς | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχων | obj | high | Object of ἔχων. |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 ἀσπίδα | cc | high | First member of the τε ... καὶ coordination. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 8 αὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 αὐτὰ | det | high | |
| 8 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 9 ἔχων | obl | high | κατὰ τὰ αὐτά means 'in the same way'; substantivized neuter plural. |
| 9 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle agreeing with ἀνδριάς. |
| 10 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἐφʼ | det | high | |
| 11 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | P | Case=Dat | 9 ἔχων | obl | high | Preposition governing τοῖς ... ἡμῶν; ἐφʼ ἡμῶν means 'in our time'. |
| 12 | ἡμῶν | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 11 ἐφʼ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 κράνος | cc | high | Coordinates the second object with ἀσπίδα. |
| 14 | κράνος | κράνος | NOUN | N-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἔχων | obj | high | Second object of ἔχων. |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | Case=Dat | 17 κεφαλῇ | case | high | |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | RA-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 17 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 κράνος | obl | high | Prepositional complement modifying κράνος: 'on the head'. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 19 κνημῖδας | cc | high | Coordinates the third object with κράνος. |
| 19 | κνημῖδας | κνημίς | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἔχων | obj | high | Third object of ἔχων. |
| 20 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | Case=Dat | 22 ποσί | case | high | |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ποσί | det | high | |
| 22 | ποσί | πούς | NOUN | N-DMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 κνημῖδας | obl | high | Prepositional complement modifying κνημῖδας: 'on the feet'. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high |
ταῦτα μὲν δὴ ἀνὰ χρόνον ὑπό τε Ἠλείων καὶ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων τῶν ἄλλων ἀφῃρέθη τοῦ δρόμου---,
The two ὑπό + genitive phrases are coordinated agents of the passive ἀφῃρέθη; τοῦ δρόμου is a genitive of separation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | PD-NAN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | nsubj | high | Neuter plural subject of ἀφῃρέθη. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-PART | _ | 1 ταῦτα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-PART | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | G-PREP | _ | 5 χρόνον | case | high | Preposition governing χρόνον. |
| 5 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl | high | Temporal accusative with ἀνά. |
| 6 | ὑπό | ὑπό | ADP | G-PREP | _ | 8 Ἠλείων | case | high | Agent preposition governing Ἠλείων. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-CCONJ | _ | 6 ὑπό | cc | medium | Postpositive connective; coordinates the two ὑπό phrases. |
| 8 | Ἠλείων | Ἠλεῖος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive verb. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-CCONJ | _ | 10 ὑπὸ | cc | high | Coordinates the second agent phrase. |
| 10 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | G-PREP | _ | 11 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Agent preposition governing Ἑλλήνων. |
| 11 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl:agent | high | Second agent of the passive verb. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἄλλων | det | high | Article with ἄλλων. |
| 13 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 Ἑλλήνων | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying Ἑλλήνων. |
| 14 | ἀφῃρέθη | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-AIP-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive finite predicate. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 δρόμου | det | high | Article with δρόμου. |
| 16 | δρόμου | δρόμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | obl | medium | Genitive of separation/source with ἀφαιρέω. |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Dash punctuation. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἀφῃρέθη | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
Θεοπόμπῳ δὲ τῷ Δαμαρέτου καὶ αὖθις ἐκείνου παιδὶ ὁμωνύμῳ ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ, Θεοπόμπῳ δὲ τῷ δευτέρῳ πάλης ἐγένοντο αἱ νῖκαι.
The sentence has a fronted dative identifying Theopompus, with τῷ Δαμαρέτου ... παιδί and ὁμωνύμῳ specifying the first athlete; ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ governs the event. The second dative phrase identifies the later Theopompus, and αἱ νῖκαι is the subject of ἐγένοντο. The unusual plural verb with νῖκαι is retained as agreement with the plural subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θεοπόμπῳ | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N--DS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Dative of association/identification with the victories. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παιδὶ | det | high | |
| 4 | Δαμαρέτου | Δαμαρέτος | PROPN | N--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παιδὶ | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Damaretus’. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 παιδὶ | cc | high | |
| 6 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 8 παιδὶ | advmod | high | Adverb marking a further/again-mentioned person. |
| 7 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P--GSM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 παιδὶ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on παιδί, referring back to the preceding Theopompus. |
| 8 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Θεοπόμπῳ | appos | high | Dative apposition identifying Θεοπόμπῳ. |
| 9 | ὁμωνύμῳ | ὁμώνυμος | ADJ | A--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 παιδὶ | amod | high | ‘Of the same name’. |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πεντάθλῳ | case | high | With dative, indicating the event. |
| 11 | πεντάθλῳ | πένταθλον | NOUN | N--DSN-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Dative object of ἐπί: ‘in the pentathlon’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | |
| 13 | Θεοπόμπῳ | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N--DS-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Second dative identification, concerning the later Theopompus. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | cc | high | |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Θεοπόμπῳ | det | high | |
| 16 | δευτέρῳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A--DSM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Θεοπόμπῳ | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘the second’. |
| 17 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | N--GFS-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 δευτέρῳ | nmod | medium | Genitive associated with τῷ δευτέρῳ, likely ‘the second [winner] of wrestling’; ellipsis is uncertain. |
| 18 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3PAMI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L--NFP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 νῖκαι | det | high | |
| 20 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N--NF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐγένοντο | punct | high |