Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 6.12.8

← 6.12.6 6.12.9 →

Passage 6.12.8

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2sentences parsed

80Greek tokens

1,960input tokens

5,529output tokens

Sentence 1

6.12.8 sentence 1

Tokens: 35
Input: 944
Output: 2,493
Total: 3,437

Ἀγήσαρχον δὲ τὸν Αἱμοστράτου Τριταιέα κρατῆσαι μὲν πύκτας ἄνδρας ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ καὶ Νεμέᾳ τε καὶ Πυθοῖ καὶ ἐν Ἰσθμῷ μαρτυρεῖ τὸ ἐλεγεῖον, Ἀρκάδας δὲ τοὺς Τριταιεῖς εἶναι τοῦ ἐλεγείου λέγοντος οὐκ ἀληθεύοντα εὕρισκον.

The syntax is difficult because the sentence seems to contain two main finite clauses, with an infinitival report embedded under μαρτυρεῖ and a further clause with λέγοντος/ἀληθεύοντα that is textually and syntactically awkward.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀγήσαρχον	Ἀγήσαρχος	PROPN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 κρατῆσαι	obj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive κρατῆσαι.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	6 κρατῆσαι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τὸν	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Τριταιέα	det	high	Article modifying Τριταιέα.
4	Αἱμοστράτου	Αἱμόστρατος	PROPN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 Τριταιέα	nmod	high	Genitive modifier of Τριταιέα.
5	Τριταιέα	Τριταιεύς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Ἀγήσαρχον	amod	medium	Ethnic adjective used substantively; modifies Ἀγήσαρχον.
6	κρατῆσαι	κρατέω	VERB	_	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	20 μαρτυρεῖ	csubj	high	Infinitival clause dependent on μαρτυρεῖ.
7	μὲν	μέν	PART	_	_	6 κρατῆσαι	discourse	high	Correlative particle with δὲ later.
8	πύκτας	πύκτης	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 κρατῆσαι	obj	high	Object of κρατῆσαι.
9	ἄνδρας	ἀνήρ	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 πύκτας	appos	high	Apposition to πύκτας.
10	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	11 Ὀλυμπίᾳ	case	high	Preposition governing Ὀλυμπίᾳ.
11	Ὀλυμπίᾳ	Ὀλυμπία	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 κρατῆσαι	obl	high	Locative oblique dependent of κρατῆσαι.
12	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	13 Νεμέᾳ	cc	high	Coordinator.
13	Νεμέᾳ	Νεμέα	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 Ὀλυμπίᾳ	conj	high	Conjunct in the series of place names.
14	τε	τε	PART	_	_	13 Νεμέᾳ	discourse	high	Enclitic connective in coordination.
15	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	16 Πυθοῖ	cc	high	Coordinator.
16	Πυθοῖ	Πυθώ	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Νεμέᾳ	conj	high	Conjunct in the series.
17	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	_	_	18 ἐν	cc	high	Coordinator.
18	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	_	_	19 Ἰσθμῷ	case	high	Preposition governing Ἰσθμῷ.
19	Ἰσθμῷ	Ἰσθμός	PROPN	_	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 Νεμέᾳ	conj	high	Conjunct in the series of locatives.
20	μαρτυρεῖ	μαρτυρέω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
21	τὸ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	22 ἐλεγεῖον	det	high	Article with ἐλεγεῖον.
22	ἐλεγεῖον	ἐλεγεῖον	NOUN	_	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 μαρτυρεῖ	nsubj	high	Subject of μαρτυρεῖ.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 μαρτυρεῖ	punct	high	Punctuation.
24	Ἀρκάδας	Ἀρκάς	NOUN	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	28 εἶναι	obj	high	Accusative subject of εἶναι.
25	δὲ	δέ	PART	_	_	28 εἶναι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
26	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	27 Τριταιεῖς	det	high	Article modifying Τριταιεῖς.
27	Τριταιεῖς	Τριταιεύς	ADJ	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 Ἀρκάδας	amod	medium	Substantive ethnic adjective in apposition to Ἀρκάδας.
28	εἶναι	εἰμί	VERB	_	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	34 εὕρισκον	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of εὕρισκον.
29	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	30 ἐλεγείου	det	high	Article with ἐλεγείου.
30	ἐλεγείου	ἐλεγεῖον	NOUN	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 λέγοντος	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of λέγοντος.
31	λέγοντος	λέγω	VERB	_	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	28 εἶναι	advcl	high	Participial clause modifying εἶναι.
32	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	_	_	34 εὕρισκον	advmod	high	Negation of εὕρισκον.
33	ἀληθεύοντα	ἀληθεύω	VERB	_	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	31 λέγοντος	xcomp	medium	Likely participle dependent on λέγοντος; agreement is not straightforward in context.
34	εὕρισκον	εὑρίσκω	VERB	_	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Finite verb with first-person plural morphology; context may reflect textual/interpretive difficulty.
35	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	34 εὕρισκον	punct	high	Punctuation.

Sentence 2

6.12.8 sentence 2

Tokens: 45
Input: 1,016
Output: 3,036
Total: 4,052

πόλεων γὰρ τῶν ἐν Ἀρκαδίᾳ ταῖς μὲν ἐπειλημμέναις δόξης οὐδὲ τὰ ἐς τοὺς οἰκιστάς ἐστιν ἄγνωστα, τὰς δὲ ἐξ ἀρχῆς τε ὑπὸ ἀσθενείας ἀφανεστέρας καὶ διʼ αὐτὸ ἀνοικισθείσας ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν, οὐ περιέχει σφᾶς γενόμενον τότε ὑπὸ τε τοῦ Ἀρκάδων κοινοῦ δόγμα;

The syntax is difficult because the first clause has an elliptical substantive after τὰ, and the second clause contains a participial/infinitival stretch with uncertain attachment around γενόμενον and the ὑπό + genitive phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πόλεων	πόλις	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	16 ἄγνωστα	nsubj	high	Partitive/genitive subject with ἄγνωστα.
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	G	_	15 ἐστιν	discourse	high	Postpositive particle.
3	τῶν	ὁ	DET	RA	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	1 πόλεων	det	high	Article with πόλεων.
4	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R	_	5 Ἀρκαδίᾳ	case	high	Introduces locative phrase.
5	Ἀρκαδίᾳ	Ἀρκαδία	PROPN	N-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 πόλεων	nmod	high	Head of ἐν-phrase modifying πόλεων.
6	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	RA	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	8 ἐπειλημμέναις	det	high	Article with ἐπειλημμέναις.
7	μὲν	μέν	PART	G	_	6 ταῖς	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
8	ἐπειλημμέναις	ἐπιλαμβάνω	VERB	V-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	11 τὰ	acl	medium	Likely participle modifying τὰ (understood as substantive 'the cities').
9	δόξης	δόξα	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐπειλημμέναις	nmod	medium	Genitive dependent of participle; relation somewhat uncertain.
10	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C-	_	11 τὰ	cc	high	Negative connective.
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	RA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐστιν, with ellipsis of substantive noun.
12	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	14 οἰκιστάς	case	high	Preposition.
13	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	RA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 οἰκιστάς	det	high	Article with οἰκιστάς.
14	οἰκιστάς	οἰκιστής	NOUN	N-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 τὰ	obl	high	Object of ἐς.
15	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main copular/existential verb.
16	ἄγνωστα	ἄγνωστος	ADJ	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ἐστιν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with ἐστιν.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐστιν	punct	high	Punctuation.
18	τὰς	ὁ	DET	RA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	35 περιέχει	obj	high	Article with implied feminine plural noun.
19	δὲ	δέ	PART	G	_	18 τὰς	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
20	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R	_	21 ἀρχῆς	case	high	Preposition.
21	ἀρχῆς	ἀρχή	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἀνοικισθείσας	obl	medium	Adverbial genitive 'from the beginning'.
22	τε	τε	PART	G	_	29 ἀνοικισθείσας	discourse	high	Enclitic connective.
23	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	24 ἀσθενείας	case	high	Preposition.
24	ἀσθενείας	ἀσθένεια	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἀφανεστέρας	obl	high	Source/cause phrase with comparative.
25	ἀφανεστέρας	ἀφανής	ADJ	A-	Case=Gen\|Degree=Cmp\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἀνοικισθείσας	obl	medium	Comparative agreeing with ἀσθενείας in a causal phrase.
26	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C-	_	29 ἀνοικισθείσας	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction.
27	διʼ	διά	ADP	R	_	28 αὐτὸ	case	high	Preposition.
28	αὐτὸ	αὐτός	PRON	P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	29 ἀνοικισθείσας	obl	high	Causal accusative with διά.
29	ἀνοικισθείσας	ἀνοικίζω	VERB	V-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Pass	18 τὰς	amod	medium	Participial modifier of the understood feminine plural noun with τὰς.
30	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R	_	32 πόλιν	case	high	Preposition.
31	Μεγάλην	μέγας	ADJ	A-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 πόλιν	amod	high	Modifies πόλιν.
32	πόλιν	πόλις	NOUN	N-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ἀνοικισθείσας	obl	high	Goal phrase with ἐς.
33	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	35 περιέχει	punct	high	Punctuation.
34	οὐ	οὐ	PART	G	_	35 περιέχει	advmod	high	Negation.
35	περιέχει	περιέχω	VERB	V-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Second main clause; rhetorical question.
36	σφᾶς	σφεῖς	PRON	P-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	35 περιέχει	obj	high	Object of περιέχει.
37	γενόμενον	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	36 σφᾶς	acl	low	Morphology/syntax difficult; likely participial clause modifying an implied neuter object or adverbial idea.
38	τότε	τότε	ADV	D-	_	37 γενόμενον	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
39	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	R	_	44 δόγμα	case	high	Preposition.
40	τε	τε	PART	G	_	44 δόγμα	discourse	high	Enclitic connective.
41	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	RA	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	44 δόγμα	det	medium	Article with δόγμα, though agreement is odd if construed as masculine collective; likely neuter.
42	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	43 κοινοῦ	nmod	high	Genitive modifier.
43	κοινοῦ	κοινός	ADJ	A-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	44 δόγμα	amod	medium	Likely agrees with δόγμα.
44	δόγμα	δόγμα	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	35 περιέχει	obl	medium	Likely genitive phrase dependent on περιέχει via ὑπό.
45	;	;	PUNCT	_	_	35 περιέχει	punct	high	Question mark.

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