Grammar parses for passage 6.13.3
Open translation for this passage
ἐοικότα δὲ Χιόνιδι τὰ ἐς δόξαν καὶ ἀνὴρ Λύκιος παρέσχετο Ἑρμογένης Ξάνθιος, ὃς τὸν κότινον ἐν τρισὶν Ὀλυμπιάσιν ἀνείλετο ὀκτάκις ἐπίκλησίν τε ἔσχεν Ἵππος ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων·
The opening ἐοικότα is an accusative neuter perfect participle used in the comparison/explanatory construction; the personal names around ἀνήρ are appositional, and Ἵππος is best treated as a predicate naming complement of ἐπίκλησιν ἔσχεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐοικότα | ἐοικώς | ADJ | PPP-ACC-NEU-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 10 παρέσχετο | obj | medium | Predicative/accusative neuter perfect participle, substantivally or with understood object. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 παρέσχετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | Χιόνιδι | Χιωνίδης | PROPN | PROPN-DAT-MASC-SG | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἐοικότα | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/reference. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-NEU-PL | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 δόξαν | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 δόξαν | case | high | |
| 6 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ACC-FEM-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐοικότα | obl | high | Prepositional phrase, ‘as regards reputation/glory’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀνὴρ | cc | high | |
| 8 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παρέσχετο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Λύκιος | Λύκιος | ADJ | A-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀνὴρ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying ἀνήρ. |
| 10 | παρέσχετο | παρέχω | VERB | V-AOR-MID-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Ἑρμογένης | Ἑρμογένης | PROPN | PROPN-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 παρέσχετο | nsubj | medium | Appositional subject/name alongside ἀνήρ Λύκιος; syntactic analysis may instead treat it as apposition to ἀνήρ. |
| 12 | Ξάνθιος | Ξάνθιος | PROPN | PROPN-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Ἑρμογένης | appos | high | Name identifying Hermogenes as Xanthian. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παρέσχετο | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | REL-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνείλετο | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Hermogenes. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κότινον | det | high | |
| 16 | κότινον | κότινος | NOUN | N-ACC-MASC-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνείλετο | obj | high | Object of ἀνείλετο, the olive crown. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 Ὀλυμπιάσιν | case | high | |
| 18 | τρισὶν | τρεῖς | NUM | CARD-DAT-FEM-PL | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 19 Ὀλυμπιάσιν | nummod | high | |
| 19 | Ὀλυμπιάσιν | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-DAT-FEM-PL | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἀνείλετο | obl | high | Temporal span/distribution: in three Olympiads. |
| 20 | ἀνείλετο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AOR-MID-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 10 παρέσχετο | acl:relcl | high | |
| 21 | ὀκτάκις | ὀκτάκις | ADV | ADV | _ | 20 ἀνείλετο | advmod | high | |
| 22 | ἐπίκλησίν | ἐπίκλησις | NOUN | N-ACC-FEM-SG | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἔσχεν | obj | medium | Object of ἔσχεν, with τε coordinating the naming clause. |
| 23 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἔσχεν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AOR-ACT-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 20 ἀνείλετο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀνείλετο; subject remains ὃς. |
| 25 | Ἵππος | Ἵππος | PROPN | PROPN-NOM-MASC-SG | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἔσχεν | xcomp | medium | Predicate nominative/name in the construction ἐπίκλησιν ἔσχεν Ἵππος. |
| 26 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | |
| 27 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | PROPN-GEN-MASC-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἔσχεν | obl:agent | high | Agent with passive-style naming sense, though ἔσχεν is active. |
| 28 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 παρέσχετο | punct | high |
ποιήσαιο δʼ ἂν καὶ Πολίτην ἐν μεγάλῳ θαύματι.
Potential optative: “you might also make Polites a matter of great wonder”; the ἐν-phrase is an oblique predicative/resultative complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποιήσαιο | ποιέω | VERB | V-2-AOM-2S | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=2|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second-person singular aorist middle optative; potential optative with ἄν. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ποιήσαιο | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative conjunction. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 1 ποιήσαιο | advmod | high | Modal particle governing the potential optative. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Πολίτην | cc | high | Additive conjunction. |
| 5 | Πολίτην | Πολίτης | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ποιήσαιο | obj | medium | Proper name in the accusative as object of ποιήσαιο; likely the person Polites. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 θαύματι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative phrase. |
| 7 | μεγάλῳ | μέγας | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 θαύματι | amod | high | Neuter dative singular adjective agreeing with θαύματι. |
| 8 | θαύματι | θαῦμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ποιήσαιο | obl | high | Dative complement in the prepositional phrase ἐν μεγάλῳ θαύματι. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ποιήσαιο | punct | high |
ὁ Πολίτης δʼ ἦν οὗτος ἐκ Κεράμου τῆς ἐν τῇ Θρακίᾳ Καρίᾳ, ἀνέφηνε δὲ ἀρετὴν ποδῶν ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ πᾶσαν·
The first clause identifies Πολίτης by origin; the phrase τῆς ἐν τῇ Θρακίᾳ Καρίᾳ is geographically compressed, so the attachment and case relation of Καρίᾳ/Θρακίᾳ are marked medium confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 Πολίτης | det | high | |
| 2 | Πολίτης | Πολίτης | PROPN | N-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | nsubj | high | Personal name used substantivally. |
| 3 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 4 ἦν | cc | high | Elided form of δέ. |
| 4 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-Impf-Ind-Act-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of εἰμί. |
| 5 | οὗτος | οὗτος | PRON | D-Pro-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἦν | attr | high | Predicative demonstrative. |
| 6 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 Κεράμου | case | high | |
| 7 | Κεράμου | Κέραμος | PROPN | N-Gen-Masc-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἦν | obl | high | Genitive of origin with ἐκ. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen-Fem-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Καρίᾳ | det | high | |
| 9 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 11 Θρακίᾳ | case | high | |
| 10 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat-Fem-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Θρακίᾳ | det | high | |
| 11 | Θρακίᾳ | Θρᾴκη | PROPN | N-Dat-Fem-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Καρίᾳ | nmod | medium | Appositional geographic specification within Καρίᾳ; spelling/lemma normalization is uncertain. |
| 12 | Καρίᾳ | Καρία | PROPN | N-Gen-Fem-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Κεράμου | nmod | medium | Likely dependent geographic specification of Κεράμου; case relation is syntactically compressed/uncertain. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἀνέφηνε | ἀναφαίνω | VERB | V-Aor-Ind-Act-3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 ἦν | parataxis | high | Aorist form; subject is understood Πολίτης. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 14 ἀνέφηνε | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀρετὴν | ἀρετή | NOUN | N-Acc-Fem-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνέφηνε | obj | high | |
| 17 | ποδῶν | πούς | NOUN | N-Gen-Masc-Pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀρετὴν | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the sphere of excellence. |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | Prep | _ | 19 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 19 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | N-Dat-Fem-Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀνέφηνε | obl | high | |
| 20 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-Acc-Fem-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀρετὴν | amod | high | Predicative/object-oriented adjective: complete excellence in foot-racing. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἦν | punct | high |
ἀπὸ γὰρ τοῦ μηκίστου καὶ διαρκεστάτου διʼ ὀλιγίστου δὴ καιροῦ μεθηρμόσατο ἐπὶ τὸ βραχύτατον ὁμοῦ καὶ ὤκιστον, καὶ δολίχου τε ἐν ἡμέρᾳ τῇ αὐτῇ καὶ παραυτίκα σταδίου λαβὼν νίκην προσέθηκε δὲ διαύλου σφίσι τὴν τρίτην.
The subject is implicit (the athlete); μεθηρμόσατο governs ἐπί with coordinated superlative race descriptions. λαβών is circumstantial with προσέθηκε; σφίσι is ethical/possessive dative, and τὴν τρίτην is elliptical νίκην.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 4 μηκίστου | case | high | |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | discourse | high | Causal explanatory particle; relation normalized as discourse. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μηκίστου | det | high | |
| 4 | μηκίστου | μακρός | ADJ | A-GSMS | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | obl | medium | Substantivized superlative, ‘from the longest’; ἀπό phrase modifies the change. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 διαρκεστάτου | cc | high | |
| 6 | διαρκεστάτου | διαρκής | ADJ | A-GSMS | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 μηκίστου | conj | high | Coordinated substantivized superlative. |
| 7 | διʼ | διά | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 8 ὀλιγίστου | case | high | |
| 8 | ὀλιγίστου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A-GSM-S | Case=Gen|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 καιροῦ | amod | medium | Substantivized superlative, ‘through the shortest [time]’; likely modifies implicit καιρός. |
| 9 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 10 καιροῦ | discourse | high | |
| 10 | καιροῦ | καιρός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | obl | high | Genitive of duration/measure with διά. |
| 11 | μεθηρμόσατο | μεθαρμόζω | VERB | V-3AMI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Implicit subject, likely the athlete. |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 14 βραχύτατον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 βραχύτατον | det | high | |
| 14 | βραχύτατον | βραχύς | ADJ | A-NSAN-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | obl | high | Substantivized race-length superlative. |
| 15 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 ὤκιστον | advmod | high | |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ὤκιστον | cc | high | |
| 17 | ὤκιστον | ὠκύς | ADJ | A-NSAN-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 βραχύτατον | conj | high | Coordinated superlative, ‘and fastest’. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | punct | high | |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 προσέθηκε | cc | high | Introduces the next coordinated event. |
| 20 | δολίχου | δόλιχος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 λαβὼν | obl | medium | Genitive of the race/event won with λαβών. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 δολίχου | cc | high | |
| 22 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Dat | 23 ἡμέρᾳ | case | high | |
| 23 | ἡμέρᾳ | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 λαβὼν | obl | high | Temporal adjunct. |
| 24 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 αὐτῇ | det | high | |
| 25 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 23 ἡμέρᾳ | amod | high | Intensive/demonstrative adjective ‘the same’. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 σταδίου | cc | high | |
| 27 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 29 λαβὼν | advmod | high | ‘Immediately’; coordinates with the temporal phrase. |
| 28 | σταδίου | στάδιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 29 λαβὼν | obl | medium | Genitive of the race/event won with λαβών. |
| 29 | λαβὼν | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 31 προσέθηκε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, ‘having won’; aorist-looking context does not alter the form’s present stem spelling. |
| 30 | νίκην | νίκη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 λαβὼν | obj | high | |
| 31 | προσέθηκε | προστίθημι | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb. |
| 32 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 προσέθηκε | cc | high | |
| 33 | διαύλου | δίαυλος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 προσέθηκε | obj | high | Race/event added to the victories. |
| 34 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 31 προσέθηκε | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/interest; antecedent is the people or competitors previously mentioned. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 τρίτην | det | high | |
| 36 | τρίτην | τρίτος | ADJ | A-ASF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 προσέθηκε | obj | high | Substantivized ordinal, elliptical νίκην: ‘the third [victory]’. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 μεθηρμόσατο | punct | high |