Grammar parses for passage 6.13.4
Open translation for this passage
Πολίτης μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας καὶ τέσσαρας, ὡς ἂν ἕκαστοι συνταχθῶσιν ὑπὸ τοῦ κλήρου, καὶ οὐκ ἀθρόους ἀφιᾶσιν ἐς τὸν δρόμον·
The sentence is elliptical: Πολίτης is the discourse subject, with an implied verb of sending/dispatching; ἐπὶ τῆς δευτέρας καὶ τέσσαρας is an idiomatic numeral expression, probably with an omitted noun. The following ὡς ἂν clause is temporal/modal, and the coordinated ἀφιᾶσιν has implied subject referring to the organizers.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πολίτης | Πολίτης | PROPN | Neom-Nom-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | nsubj | medium | Personal name; syntactically the discourse subject, with an elliptical main predicate. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 1 Πολίτης | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | Ptcl | _ | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 6 δευτέρας | case | high | With the genitive numeral phrase. |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Art-Gsf-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 δευτέρας | det | high | |
| 6 | δευτέρας | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-Gsf-Sg | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | obl | medium | Substantivized ordinal; the coordinated τέσσαρας likely continues an elliptical numeral expression. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CjCo | _ | 8 τέσσαρας | cc | high | |
| 8 | τέσσαρας | τέσσαρες | NUM | Morf-NomAcc-Plur | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 6 δευτέρας | conj | low | Surface form is ambiguous in isolation; taken here as a coordinated numeral in the elliptical phrase. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 συνταχθῶσιν | mark | high | Introduces the temporal/modal subordinate clause. |
| 11 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | Ptcl | _ | 13 συνταχθῶσιν | aux | high | Modal particle with the subjunctive. |
| 12 | ἕκαστοι | ἕκαστος | PRON | A-Nom-Plur | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 συνταχθῶσιν | nsubj | high | Substantival indefinite distributive pronoun. |
| 13 | συνταχθῶσιν | συντάσσω | VERB | V3Psaorj | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | advcl | high | Aorist passive subjunctive with ὡς ἄν. |
| 14 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 16 κλήρου | case | high | Agent phrase with passive verb. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | Art-Gsm-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 κλήρου | det | high | |
| 16 | κλήρου | κλῆρος | NOUN | N-Gsm-Sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 συνταχθῶσιν | obl:agent | high | |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 13 συνταχθῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CjCo | _ | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | Ptcl | _ | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | advmod | high | Negates ἀφιᾶσιν. |
| 20 | ἀθρόους | ἀθρόος | ADJ | A-Acc-Plur | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | obj | medium | Predicative/object-oriented adjective, agreeing with an implicit masculine plural object. |
| 21 | ἀφιᾶσιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V3Piact | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate; subject is implicit or represented discourse-anaphorically by Πολίτης. |
| 22 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 24 δρόμον | case | high | |
| 23 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Art-Asm-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 δρόμον | det | high | |
| 24 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-Asm-Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | obl | high | Goal/destination of ἀφιᾶσιν. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | Punct | _ | 21 ἀφιᾶσιν | punct | high |
οἳ δʼ ἂν ἐν ἑκάστῃ τάξει κρατήσωσιν, ὑπὲρ αὐτῶν αὖθις θέουσι τῶν ἄθλων·
Relative conditional clause: οἳ ... κρατήσωσιν governs future θέουσιν; ὑπέρ with the genitive means 'in pursuit of/on behalf of' the prizes. The form θέουσι is taken as future active of θέω, though present is morphologically possible.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἳ | ὅς | PRON | PRON | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 7 κρατήσωσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 κρατήσωσιν | cc | high | Apocopated/elided form of δέ. |
| 3 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 7 κρατήσωσιν | advmod | high | Modal particle marking the indefinite/future condition. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 τάξει | case | high | |
| 5 | ἑκάστῃ | ἕκαστος | DET | ADJ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 6 τάξει | det | high | Adjectival determiner. |
| 6 | τάξει | τάξις | NOUN | N-FS-D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 κρατήσωσιν | obl | high | |
| 7 | κρατήσωσιν | κρατέω | VERB | V--AMS3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 θέουσι | advcl | high | Aorist subjunctive in the relative conditional protasis. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 κρατήσωσιν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 10 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | PRON | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 14 ἄθλων | nmod | medium | Genitive object of ὑπέρ; antecedent is the competitors/individuals understood from context. |
| 11 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 θέουσι | advmod | high | |
| 12 | θέουσι | θέω | VERB | V-FIA3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Interpreted as future active 'they will run'; present indicative is formally possible without context. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 ἄθλων | det | high | |
| 14 | ἄθλων | ἆθλον | NOUN | N-GP-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 θέουσι | obl | high | Genitive governed by ὑπέρ through the intervening pronoun αὐτῶν; semantically 'for/in pursuit of the prizes'. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 θέουσι | punct | high |
τὰ μέντοι ἐπιφανέστατα ἐς δρόμον Λεωνίδᾳ Ῥοδίῳ ἐστίν· ἐπὶ γὰρ τέσσαρας Ὀλυμπιάδας ἀκμάζων τε τῇ ὠκύτητι ἀντήρκεσε, καὶ γεγόνασιν αὐτῷ δρόμου νῖκαι δύο ἀριθμὸν καὶ δέκα.
The first clause has an elided copular complement: τὰ ἐπιφανέστατα (sc. ἐστίν) is the subject/predicate nominal, with ἐς δρόμον and the dative name specifying the athletic achievement. In the second clause, γεγόνασιν is existential/possessive perfect; νῖκαι is the subject, αὐτῷ the possessor, and δύο ... δέκα the numerically appositional object-like quantification of νῖκαι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 ἐπιφανέστατα | det | high | |
| 2 | μέντοι | μέντοι | PART | X | _ | 8 ἐστίν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἐπιφανέστατα | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-SNP-SUP | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐστίν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural; predicate/subject relation is difficult because the copula is overt but the complement is elided. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 5 δρόμον | case | high | |
| 5 | δρόμον | δρόμος | NOUN | N-SAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπιφανέστατα | obl | high | Athletic domain specified by ἐς. |
| 6 | Λεωνίδᾳ | Λεωνίδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐστίν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/name of the athlete. |
| 7 | Ῥοδίῳ | Ῥόδιος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Λεωνίδᾳ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used appositionally with Λεωνίδᾳ. |
| 8 | ἐστίν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copula; the construction is somewhat compressed. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐστίν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | _ | 13 Ὀλυμπιάδας | case | high | |
| 11 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | X | _ | 18 ἀντήρκεσε | mark | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 12 | τέσσαρας | τέσσαρες | NUM | M-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 13 Ὀλυμπιάδας | nummod | high | |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπιάδας | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἀντήρκεσε | obl | high | Accusative duration/extent with ἐπί. |
| 14 | ἀκμάζων | ἀκμάζω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἀντήρκεσε | advcl | high | Concessive or circumstantial participle, subject controlled by the athlete. |
| 15 | τε | τε | CCONJ | X | _ | 14 ἀκμάζων | cc | high | |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὠκύτητι | det | high | |
| 17 | ὠκύτητι | ὠκύτης | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀκμάζων | obl | high | Dative of respect: in swiftness. |
| 18 | ἀντήρκεσε | ἀνταρκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 8 ἐστίν | conj | medium | Aorist indicative coordinated with the copular clause; subject is understood as Λεωνίδας. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἀντήρκεσε | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 21 γεγόνασιν | cc | high | |
| 21 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 18 ἀντήρκεσε | conj | high | Perfect of γίγνομαι, existential/present-result sense: victories have occurred/there are. |
| 22 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 21 γεγόνασιν | iobj | high | Possessive dative, referring to Λεωνίδας. |
| 23 | δρόμου | δρόμος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 νῖκαι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on νῖκαι: victories in the footrace. |
| 24 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 25 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 24 νῖκαι | nummod | high | Numeral agrees semantically with νῖκαι; indeclinable form. |
| 26 | ἀριθμὸν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 δύο | obl | medium | Accusative of specification: two in number. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | X | _ | 28 δέκα | cc | high | Coordinates δέκα with δύο in the numeral phrase. |
| 28 | δέκα | δέκα | NUM | M-X | NumType=Card | 25 δύο | conj | high | Indeclinable numeral, coordinated with δύο; together δύο ... καὶ δέκα = twelve. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 γεγόνασιν | punct | high |