Grammar parses for passage 6.15.10
Open translation for this passage
ὅτῳ δὲ παρεστήκασιν οἱ παῖδες, τοῦτον μὲν Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Λάγου φασὶν εἶναι·
The relative clause ὅτῳ ... παρεστήκασιν is attached to the reporting predicate; τοῦτον is the accusative subject of εἶναι, with Πτολεμαῖον τὸν Λάγου in apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | Pronominal relative dative singular masculine/neuter | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 3 παρεστήκασιν | obl | high | Dative relative pronoun, likely temporal/instrumental circumstance with παρεστήκασιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 7 τοῦτον | cc | high | |
| 3 | παρεστήκασιν | παρίστημι | VERB | PerfActInd3Pl | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 12 φασὶν | acl:relcl | medium | Perfect active, ‘stand beside’; governs the relative clause. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | ArtNomMascPl | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 5 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | NomMascPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 παρεστήκασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρεστήκασιν | punct | high | |
| 7 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | DemAccMascSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 12 φασὶν | obj | high | Resumptive accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Particle | _ | 7 τοῦτον | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by an implied or subsequent δέ. |
| 9 | Πτολεμαῖον | Πτολεμαῖος | PROPN | AccMascSg | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 7 τοῦτον | appos | high | Apposition to τοῦτον. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | ArtAccMascSg | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Λάγου | det | high | |
| 11 | Λάγου | Λάγος | PROPN | GenMascSg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 9 Πτολεμαῖον | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitival identifier, ‘son of Lagos’. |
| 12 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | PresActInd3Pl | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 13 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | PresActInf | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 φασὶν | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of φασίν. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 φασὶν | punct | high |
παρὰ δὲ αὐτὸν ἀνδριάντες δύο ἀνδρός εἰσιν Ἠλείου Κάπρου τοῦ Πυθαγόρου, πάλης τε εἰληφότος καὶ παγκρατίου στέφανον ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς·
παρὰ αὐτόν is locative (‘beside it’); ἀνδριάντες is the subject of εἰσιν, with δύο agreeing. The genitive chain identifies the statues as those of the Elean Kapros, son of Pythagoras; εἰληφότος is a genitive participle coordinated with an elliptical genitive participle/phrase describing his victories. The precise attachment of παγκρατίου στέφανον is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 4 ἀνδριάντες | case | high | With accusative αὐτόν, locative ‘beside’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 4 ἀνδριάντες | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 ἀνδριάντες | obl | high | Object of παρά in spatial phrase. |
| 4 | ἀνδριάντες | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | NPM---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of εἰσιν. |
| 5 | δύο | δύο | NUM | N-------- | NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 4 ἀνδριάντες | nummod | high | |
| 6 | ἀνδρός | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NPM---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἀνδριάντες | nmod | high | Genitive of possession/identification. |
| 7 | εἰσιν | εἰμί | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | Ἠλείου | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κάπρου | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with Κάπρου. |
| 9 | Κάπρου | Κάπρος | PROPN | NPM---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prs|Number=Sing | 6 ἀνδρός | nmod | high | Personal name in genitive. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | R-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Πυθαγόρου | det | high | |
| 11 | Πυθαγόρου | Πυθαγόρας | PROPN | NPM---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Prs|Number=Sing | 9 Κάπρου | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Pythagoras’. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 εἰληφότος | punct | high | |
| 13 | πάλης | πάλη | NOUN | NFS---GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἰληφότος | obl | medium | Genitive with εἰληφότος, indicating the wrestling victory/contest. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 εἰληφότος | cc | high | |
| 15 | εἰληφότος | λαμβάνω | VERB | V--PAPMG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 Κάπρου | acl | medium | Genitive perfect participle agreeing with Κάπρου; ‘having won/received’. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 στέφανον | cc | high | |
| 17 | παγκρατίου | παγκράτιον | NOUN | NNS---GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 στέφανον | nmod | medium | Genitive of event/prize; compressed construction. |
| 18 | στέφανον | στέφανος | NOUN | NMS---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἰληφότος | obj | medium | Accusative object of εἰληφότος, ‘a crown’; coordinated victory phrase is compressed. |
| 19 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 20 ἡμέρας | case | high | With genitive ἡμέρας. |
| 20 | ἡμέρας | ἡμέρα | NOUN | NFS---GS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 εἰληφότος | obl | high | Temporal phrase, ‘on the same day’. |
| 21 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | R-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 αὐτῆς | det | high | |
| 22 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | ADJ | A-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 ἡμέρας | amod | high | Adjectival αὐτός agreeing with ἡμέρας. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 εἰσιν | punct | high |
πρώτῳ δὲ γεγόνασιν ἀνθρώπων αἱ δύο νῖκαι τῷ Κάπρῳ τούτῳ.
The sentence is an idiomatic dative construction: δύο νῖκαι ‘two victories’ have occurred to/for this Kapros, πρώτῳ ἀνθρώπων ‘first among humans’; πρώτῳ and ἀνθρώπων are best taken as a superlative-like predicative dative of comparison/association, though the exact attachment is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρώτῳ | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 γεγόνασιν | obl | medium | Dative of comparison/association, ‘first among humans’; potentially predicative with the implicit subject of γεγόνασιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 γεγόνασιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3RPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active form of γίγνομαι, ‘have come about/occurred’; subject is νῖκαι. |
| 4 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 πρώτῳ | obl | medium | Genitive in the phrase πρώτῳ ἀνθρώπων, ‘first among humans’; dependent on the comparative/superlative expression. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 νῖκαι | det | high | |
| 6 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-------- | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 7 νῖκαι | nummod | high | Cardinal numeral modifying νῖκαι; gender is syncretic. |
| 7 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κάπρῳ | det | high | |
| 9 | Κάπρῳ | Κάπρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 γεγόνασιν | iobj | high | Dative recipient/possessor with γεγόνασιν: the victories have occurred to Kapros. |
| 10 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | DET | RD-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Κάπρῳ | det | high | Demonstrative determiner modifying Κάπρῳ. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 γεγόνασιν | punct | high |
τὸν μὲν δὴ ἐπὶ τοῦ παγκρατίου καταγωνισθέντα ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ δεδήλωκεν δὲ ὁ λόγος ἤδη μοι·
The accusative participial phrase τὸν ... καταγωνισθέντα is the object of δεδήλωκεν, with ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ as its agent; ὁ λόγος is the subject. The prepositional phrase ἐπὶ τοῦ παγκρατίου is interpreted as referring to the pankration contest.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 καταγωνισθέντα | det | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 7 καταγωνισθέντα | discourse | high | Correlative particle; no explicit δέ counterpart within the initial phrase. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 10 δεδήλωκεν | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 παγκρατίου | case | high | |
| 5 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 παγκρατίου | det | high | |
| 6 | παγκρατίου | παγκράτιον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 καταγωνισθέντα | obl | medium | Genitive governed by ἐπί; denotes the pankration contest/event. |
| 7 | καταγωνισθέντα | καταγωνίζομαι | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 10 δεδήλωκεν | obj | high | Aorist passive participle, substantivally modified by τὸν. |
| 8 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Elided form of ὑπό before vowel. |
| 9 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 7 καταγωνισθέντα | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive participle; likely refers to a previously mentioned male person. |
| 10 | δεδήλωκεν | δηλόω | VERB | V-RIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 δεδήλωκεν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 λόγος | det | high | |
| 13 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 δεδήλωκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 δεδήλωκεν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1DS | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 10 δεδήλωκεν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference: ‘to me/in my account’. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 δεδήλωκεν | punct | high |
παλαίων δὲ κατέβαλεν Ἠλεῖον Παιάνιον Ὀλυμπιάδα πάλῃ τὴν προτέραν ἀνῃρημένον καὶ Πύθια παίδων τε πυγμῇ καὶ αὖθις ἐν ἀνδράσι πάλῃ τε καὶ πυγμῇ στεφανωθέντα ἐπὶ ἡμέρας τῆς αὐτῆς.
The sentence has compressed athletic-result syntax: Ὀλυμπιάδα is the object of κατέβαλεν, while the participles ἀνῃρημένον and στεφανωθέντα describe earlier and subsequent victories; the exact attachment of τὴν προτέραν is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | παλαίων | παλαίω | VERB | PAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 κατέβαλεν | advcl | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 κατέβαλεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | κατέβαλεν | καταβάλλω | VERB | VAAI3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist indicative. |
| 4 | Ἠλεῖον | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | AAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Παιάνιον | amod | medium | Ethnic adjective used substantivally or appositionally with Παιάνιον. |
| 5 | Παιάνιον | Παιάνιος | PROPN | NAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ὀλυμπιάδα | appos | medium | Personal name; agreement and syntax are somewhat compressed. |
| 6 | Ὀλυμπιάδα | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | NAMS | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κατέβαλεν | obj | medium | Accusative object; masculine form/name despite feminine-looking lemma. |
| 7 | πάλῃ | πάλη | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 κατέβαλεν | obl | high | Dative of contest. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | TASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 προτέραν | det | high | |
| 9 | προτέραν | πρότερος | ADJ | AASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνῃρημένον | advmod | medium | Predicative/complementary accusative modifying the prior contest result. |
| 10 | ἀνῃρημένον | ἀναιρέω | VERB | VPRPASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 Ὀλυμπιάδα | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle; τὴν προτέραν is likely an ellipted/fossilized accusative expression referring to an earlier victory. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Πύθια | cc | high | |
| 12 | Πύθια | Πύθια | PROPN | NAPN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀνῃρημένον | obj | medium | Second contest/event object associated with the participial construction. |
| 13 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | NGPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Πύθια | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the boys' category. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 πυγμῇ | cc | high | |
| 15 | πυγμῇ | πυγμή | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 στεφανωθέντα | obl | high | Dative of event/category. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 αὖθις | cc | high | |
| 17 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 στεφανωθέντα | advmod | high | |
| 18 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 19 ἀνδράσι | case | high | |
| 19 | ἀνδράσι | ἀνήρ | NOUN | NDPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 στεφανωθέντα | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 20 | πάλῃ | πάλη | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 στεφανωθέντα | obl | high | Dative of contest. |
| 21 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 πάλῃ | cc | high | |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 πυγμῇ | cc | high | |
| 23 | πυγμῇ | πυγμή | NOUN | NDSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 στεφανωθέντα | obl | high | Dative of contest. |
| 24 | στεφανωθέντα | στεφανόω | VERB | VAPPASM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 6 Ὀλυμπιάδα | acl | high | Aorist passive participle agreeing with Ὀλυμπιάδα. |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 ἡμέρας | case | high | |
| 26 | ἡμέρας | ἡμέρα | NOUN | NASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 στεφανωθέντα | obl | medium | Temporal accusative with ἐπί. |
| 27 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | TGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 αὐτῆς | det | high | |
| 28 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | RGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἡμέρας | nmod | high | Genitive modifier: 'of the same day'. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 κατέβαλεν | punct | high |