Grammar parses for passage 6.16.5
Open translation for this passage
τοῦ δὲ Ἀριστείδου ἐγγύτατα Μενάλκης ἕστηκεν Ἠλεῖος, ἀναγορευθεὶς Ὀλυμπίασιν ἐπὶ πεντάθλῳ, καὶ Φιλωνίδης Ζώτου, γένος μὲν ἐκ Χερρονήσου τῆς Κρητῶν, Ἀλεξάνδρου δὲ ἡμεροδρόμος τοῦ Φιλίππου.
The sentence has two coordinated nominative descriptions: Menalkes stands nearest Aristides, while Philonides is identified by origin and service as Alexander’s daily runner. The participle ἀναγορευθείς is a nominative masculine singular supplement to Μενάλκης; Ζώτου is a patronymic genitive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀριστείδου | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἕστηκεν | cc | high | Adversative/continuative connective. |
| 3 | Ἀριστείδου | Ἀριστείδης | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐγγύτατα | obl | high | |
| 4 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 6 ἕστηκεν | advmod | high | Superlative adverb governing the genitive of comparison/reference. |
| 5 | Μενάλκης | Μενάλκης | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἕστηκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἕστηκεν | ἵστημι | VERB | V3srpaa | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with stative/resultative sense, ‘stands’. |
| 7 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Μενάλκης | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used substantivally/appositionally. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἕστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἀναγορευθεὶς | ἀναγορεύω | VERB | V-sppmmn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 5 Μενάλκης | acl | high | Supplementary/resultative participle referring to Μενάλκης. |
| 10 | Ὀλυμπίασιν | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | Nbdf | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 ἀναγορευθεὶς | obl | medium | Locative plural form, conventionally ‘at Olympia’; lemma normalized to Ὀλυμπία. |
| 11 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 πεντάθλῳ | case | high | |
| 12 | πεντάθλῳ | πένταθλον | NOUN | Nb-sd---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀναγορευθεὶς | obl | high | Event/discipline adjunct with ἐπί. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἕστηκεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 Φιλωνίδης | cc | high | |
| 15 | Φιλωνίδης | Φιλωνίδης | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἕστηκεν | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative subject/description. |
| 16 | Ζώτου | Ζώτος | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Φιλωνίδης | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son/descendant of Zotos’. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 Φιλωνίδης | punct | high | |
| 18 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | Nb-sna---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 Φιλωνίδης | appos | high | Predicative/appositional phrase, ‘by origin’. |
| 19 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df-------- | _ | 18 γένος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν anticipates δέ. |
| 20 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 Χερρονήσου | case | high | |
| 21 | Χερρονήσου | Χερρόνησος | PROPN | Nb-sg---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive of origin with ἐκ. |
| 22 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-sgf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 Χερρονήσου | det | high | |
| 23 | Κρητῶν | Κρής | PROPN | Nbpg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Χερρονήσου | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the Chersonese, ‘of the Cretans’. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 Φιλωνίδης | punct | high | |
| 25 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἡμεροδρόμος | nmod | high | Possessive genitive, ‘Alexander’s’. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 ἡμεροδρόμος | cc | high | Correlative contrast with μέν. |
| 27 | ἡμεροδρόμος | ἡμεροδρόμος | NOUN | Nb-snm---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 Φιλωνίδης | appos | high | Appositional role noun, ‘daily runner/messenger’. |
| 28 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-gsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 29 Φιλίππου | det | high | |
| 29 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Nbsm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἡμεροδρόμος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Φιλίππου’s identification of Alexander. |
| 30 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἕστηκεν | punct | high |
μετὰ δὲ τοῦτον Βριμίας ἐστὶν Ἠλεῖος, κρατήσας ἄνδρας πυγμῇ, Λεωνίδας τε ἐκ Νάξου τῆς ἐν τῷ Αἰγαίῳ, Ψωφιδίων ἀνάθημα Ἀρκάδων, Ἀσάμωνός τε εἰκὼν ἐν ἀνδράσι πυγμῇ νενικηκότος, ἡ δὲ Νικάνδρου, διαύλου μὲν δύο ἐν Ὀλυμπίᾳ, Νεμείων δὲ καὶ Ἰσθμίων ἀναμὶξ ἐπὶ δρόμῳ νίκας ἓξ ἀνῃρημένου.
The sentence uses a sequence of statues/offerings with omitted or elliptical copulas; ἡ δὲ Νικάνδρου continues the catalogue, with ἀνῃρημένου agreeing with the genitive Νικάνδρου and νίκας as its object. The attachment of the participial modifiers and the exact ellipsis are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 3 τοῦτον | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PD---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐστὶν | obl | medium | Object of μετά. |
| 4 | Βριμίας | Βριμίας | PROPN | NEPM-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V大? | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular verb. |
| 6 | Ἠλεῖος | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A-NSM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Βριμίας | appos | high | Ethnic/geographical apposition to Βριμίας. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κρατήσας | punct | high | |
| 8 | κρατήσας | κρατέω | VERB | VAAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 Βριμίας | acl | high | Participial modifier of Βριμίας. |
| 9 | ἄνδρας | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-APM---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κρατήσας | obj | high | |
| 10 | πυγμῇ | πύξ | NOUN | N-DSF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κρατήσας | obl | high | Dative of contest/manner, ‘in boxing’. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 Λεωνίδας | punct | high | |
| 12 | Λεωνίδας | Λεωνίδας | PROPN | NEPM-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστὶν | conj | medium | New coordinated catalogue subject with ellipsis of ἐστίν. |
| 13 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 Λεωνίδας | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 15 Νάξου | case | high | |
| 15 | Νάξου | Νάξος | PROPN | NEGS--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Λεωνίδας | nmod | high | |
| 16 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-GSF--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἐν | det | high | Article introducing a relative/elliptical geographical phrase. |
| 17 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 19 Αἰγαίῳ | case | high | |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Αἰγαίῳ | det | high | |
| 19 | Αἰγαίῳ | Αἰγαῖος | PROPN | NE-DSN--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 Νάξου | nmod | medium | Substantivized/elliptical ‘the [island] in the Aegean’; attached under Νάξου. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀνάθημα | punct | high | |
| 21 | Ψωφιδίων | Ψωφίδιος | ADJ | A-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀνάθημα | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the dedicators. |
| 22 | ἀνάθημα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N-NSN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 Λεωνίδας | appos | medium | Appositional catalogue item; copula is elliptical. |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | NEGP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 Ψωφιδίων | nmod | medium | Genitive apposition/explanation to Ψωφιδίων. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 εἰκὼν | punct | high | |
| 25 | Ἀσάμωνός | Ἀσάμων | PROPN | NEGM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive. |
| 26 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 27 εἰκὼν | cc | high | |
| 27 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N-NFS---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Λεωνίδας | conj | medium | Coordinated catalogue item with ellipsis of ἐστίν. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 29 ἀνδράσι | case | high | |
| 29 | ἀνδράσι | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 εἰκὼν | obl | high | |
| 30 | πυγμῇ | πύξ | NOUN | N-DSF---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εἰκὼν | obl | high | Dative of contest/manner. |
| 31 | νενικηκότος | νικάω | VERB | V-RP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 Ἀσάμωνός | acl | medium | Genitive absolute-like/attributive participle referring to Ἀσάμων. |
| 32 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 33 ἡ | punct | high | |
| 33 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-NFS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 Νικάνδρου | det | high | Article with elliptical εἰκών. |
| 34 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 35 Νικάνδρου | cc | high | |
| 35 | Νικάνδρου | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | NEGM-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 εἰκὼν | conj | medium | Genitive possessor; the phrase means ‘that of Nicander’, with εἰκών understood. |
| 36 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 διαύλου | punct | high | |
| 37 | διαύλου | δίαυλος | NOUN | N-GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 39 δύο | nmod | medium | Genitive of event/distance, dependent on δύο. |
| 38 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 37 διαύλου | discourse | high | |
| 39 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M---GPN- | Case=Nom|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 52 ἀνῃρημένου | nsubj | low | Elliptical numeral phrase; syntactic attachment in the catalogue is uncertain. |
| 40 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 41 Ὀλυμπίᾳ | case | high | |
| 41 | Ὀλυμπίᾳ | Ὀλυμπία | PROPN | NE-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 37 διαύλου | nmod | high | Location of the Olympic victories. |
| 42 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 43 Νεμείων | punct | high | |
| 43 | Νεμείων | Νέμεια | PROPN | NE-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 50 νίκας | nmod | high | Genitive of games/contests. |
| 44 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 43 Νεμείων | cc | high | |
| 45 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 46 Ἰσθμίων | cc | high | |
| 46 | Ἰσθμίων | Ἴσθμια | PROPN | NE-GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 43 Νεμείων | conj | high | Coordinated genitive of games. |
| 47 | ἀναμὶξ | ἀναμείγνυμι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 50 νίκας | advmod | medium | Adverb ‘mixed together/alternately’; lexical form is adverbial. |
| 48 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 49 δρόμῳ | case | high | |
| 49 | δρόμῳ | δρόμος | NOUN | N-DSM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 50 νίκας | obl | high | Event/direction in running. |
| 50 | νίκας | νίκη | NOUN | N-APF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 52 ἀνῃρημένου | obj | high | Object of ἀνῃρημένου. |
| 51 | ἓξ | ἕξ | NUM | M---AFN- | Case=Acc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 50 νίκας | nummod | high | |
| 52 | ἀνῃρημένου | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-RP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 35 Νικάνδρου | acl | medium | Genitive perfect participle agreeing with Νικάνδρου; catalogue continuation. |
| 53 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ὁ δὲ Ἀσάμων καὶ ὁ Νίκανδρος Ἠλεῖοι μὲν ἦσαν, πεποίηκε δὲ τῷ μὲν Δάιππος τὴν εἰκόνα, Ἀσάμωνι δὲ Πυριλάμπης Μεσσήνιος.
Two coordinated subjects, Ἀσάμων and Νίκανδρος, are predicated by Ἠλεῖοι ἦσαν. The singular πεποίηκε is an elliptical/zeugmatic continuation: τῷ μὲν Δάιππος τὴν εἰκόνα, Ἀσάμωνι δὲ Πυριλάμπης Μεσσήνιος, with the paired datives marking the persons whose images were made; the first agent is nominative and the second agent is nominative with ethnic apposition.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀσάμων | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative connective. |
| 3 | Ἀσάμων | Ἀσάμων | PROPN | NE--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἠλεῖοι | nsubj | high | First member of coordinated subject. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 Νίκανδρος | cc | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Νίκανδρος | det | high | |
| 6 | Νίκανδρος | Νίκανδρος | PROPN | NE--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀσάμων | conj | high | |
| 7 | Ἠλεῖοι | Ἠλεῖος | ADJ | A----NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Predicate adjective with ἦσαν, agreeing with the coordinated men. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 9 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle anticipating δέ. |
| 9 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 11 | πεποίηκε | ποιέω | VERB | V3SΡIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 9 ἦσαν | parataxis | medium | Singular verb despite plural antecedent; likely elliptical/zeugmatic continuation with omitted or shifted subject. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πεποίηκε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Δάιππος | det | high | Article substantivally marks the agent phrase τῷ ... Δάιππος; case is syntactically irregular or reflects textual/elliptical construction. |
| 14 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 πεποίηκε | discourse | medium | Correlative μέν paired with δέ at token 20. |
| 15 | Δάιππος | Δάιππος | PROPN | NE--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηκε | nsubj | medium | Nominative agent/subject of elliptical πεποίηκε; preceding τῷ is difficult and may reflect textual corruption or attraction. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 εἰκόνα | det | high | |
| 17 | εἰκόνα | εἰκών | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηκε | obj | high | Object of πεποίηκε; understood as the image of the person named in the dative phrase. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεποίηκε | punct | high | |
| 19 | Ἀσάμωνι | Ἀσάμων | PROPN | NE--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Πυριλάμπης | iobj | high | Dative of the person represented/beneficiary in the second coordinated clause. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 Πυριλάμπης | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 21 | Πυριλάμπης | Πυριλάμπης | PROPN | NE--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεποίηκε | conj | medium | Second nominative agent in the coordinated elliptical construction. |
| 22 | Μεσσήνιος | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Πυριλάμπης | appos | high | Ethnic apposition to Πυριλάμπης. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 πεποίηκε | punct | high |