Grammar parses for passage 6.18.1
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ τοῦ Κυρηναίου Κρατισθένους χαλκοῦν ἅρμα, καὶ Νίκη τε ἐπιβέβηκε τοῦ ἅρματος καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Κρατισθένης.
The sentence is paratactic: an existential clause naming the bronze chariot, then a coordinated clause with Νίκη as subject of ἐπιβέβηκε; the final καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Κρατισθένης is syntactically difficult and likely appositive/paratactic rather than a fully integrated finite clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential root. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO-------- | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | Connects coordinated clause. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Κρατισθένους | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 5 | Κυρηναίου | Κυρηναῖος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κρατισθένους | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying Κρατισθένους. |
| 6 | Κρατισθένους | Κρατισθένης | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἅρμα | nmod | high | Genitive possessor of ἅρμα. |
| 7 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἅρμα | amod | high | Agreeing adjective modifying ἅρμα. |
| 8 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | medium | Existential subject of ἔστι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO-------- | _ | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 11 | Νίκη | Νίκη | PROPN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπιβέβηκε. |
| 12 | τε | τε | PART | G--------- | _ | 11 Νίκη | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective emphasis. |
| 13 | ἐπιβέβηκε | ἐπιβαίνω | VERB | V-3SRPA-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause predicate; paratactic with first clause. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-------- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἅρματος | det | high | Article with noun. |
| 15 | ἅρματος | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | obj | high | Object of ἐπιβέβηκε with genitive complement. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CO-------- | _ | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | cc | high | Coordinates final phrase with previous clause element. |
| 17 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Κρατισθένης | nsubj | high | Emphatic pronoun modifying/anticipating subject. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 19 Κρατισθένης | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 19 | Κρατισθένης | Κρατισθένης | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | conj | medium | Likely coordinated subject/predicate apposition with Νίκη; attached as conjunct to main verb. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
δῆλα μὲν δὴ ὅτι ἵππων γέγονεν αὐτῷ νίκη·
The sentence is elliptical and predicate-first: δῆλα μὲν δὴ introduces a comment on the clause ὅτι ... γέγονεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 6 γέγονεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with implied 'it is/they are' or in impersonal construction; syntax somewhat elliptical. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 1 δῆλα | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 4 ὅτι | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 6 γέγονεν | mark | high | Introduces content clause. |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 νίκη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of νίκη. |
| 6 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 6 γέγονεν | iobj | high | Dative of interest/possession. |
| 8 | νίκη | νίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 6 γέγονεν | nsubj | high | Subject of γέγονεν. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 γέγονεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |