Grammar parses for passage 6.18.1
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ καὶ τοῦ Κυρηναίου Κρατισθένους χαλκοῦν ἅρμα, καὶ Νίκη τε ἐπιβέβηκε τοῦ ἅρματος καὶ αὐτὸς ὁ Κρατισθένης.
The first clause has an existential ἔστι with χαλκοῦν ἅρμα as subject and a genitive possessor; ἐπιβέβηκε governs the genitive τοῦ ἅρματος, with Νίκη and Κρατισθένης coordinated subjects. The exact aspectual value of ἐπιβέβηκε is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 8 ἅρμα | cop | high | Existential/copular verb with ἅρμα as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔστι | advmod | high | Additive particle. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κρατισθένους | det | high | |
| 5 | Κυρηναίου | Κυρηναῖος | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κρατισθένους | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying the personal name. |
| 6 | Κρατισθένους | Κρατισθένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἅρμα | nmod | high | Genitive possessor. |
| 7 | χαλκοῦν | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἅρμα | amod | high | |
| 8 | ἅρμα | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Subject of existential ἔστι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἅρμα | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | cc | high | Coordinates the second predication. |
| 11 | Νίκη | Νίκη | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | nsubj | high | Coordinated subject of ἐπιβέβηκε. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 Νίκη | cc | high | Correlative coordination with the following αὐτὸς ... Κρατισθένης. |
| 13 | ἐπιβέβηκε | ἐπιβαίνω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 ἅρμα | conj | medium | Perfect form; context may support a stative/resultative reading ('is aboard'). |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἅρματος | det | high | |
| 15 | ἅρματος | ἅρμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπιβαίνω. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 Κρατισθένης | cc | high | Coordinates Κρατισθένης with Νίκη. |
| 17 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 Κρατισθένης | det | high | Intensive pronoun, 'the man himself'. |
| 18 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Κρατισθένης | det | high | |
| 19 | Κρατισθένης | Κρατισθένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἐπιβέβηκε | conj | high | Second coordinated subject of ἐπιβέβηκε. |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἅρμα | punct | high |
δῆλα μὲν δὴ ὅτι ἵππων γέγονεν αὐτῷ νίκη·
Impersonal δῆλα ἐστιν is understood: ὅτι introduces the content clause, with ἵππων as genitive of contest and αὐτῷ as dative possessor/experiencer with γέγονεν νίκη. The copula is omitted.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δῆλα | δῆλος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal predicate adjective; εἰσί is understood. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 1 δῆλα | cc | high | Correlative particle; corresponding δὴ follows. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | X | _ | 1 δῆλα | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | C | _ | 6 γέγονεν | mark | high | Content-clause conjunction. |
| 5 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 νίκη | nmod | high | Genitive of contest: victory in horse-racing. |
| 6 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 8 νίκη | csubj | high | Perfect active form, ‘has occurred/come about’; predicate of νίκη. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-D-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γέγονεν | iobj | high | Dative of possession or advantage: ‘for him/to him’. |
| 8 | νίκη | νίκη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γέγονεν | nsubj | high | Subject of γέγονεν. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 δῆλα | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὡς Μνασέου τοῦ δρομέως, ἐπικληθέντος δὲ ὑπὸ Ἑλλήνων Λίβυος, εἴη παῖς ὁ Κρατισθένης.
The sentence reports that Cratisthenes was said to be the son of Mnaseas, with a genitive absolute describing Mnaseas as nicknamed Libyan by the Greeks; εἴη is optative in reported speech.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 εἴη | parataxis | high | Impersonal reporting verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λέγεται | advmod | high | Additive particle/adverb. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 εἴη | mark | high | Introduces reported content. |
| 5 | Μνασέου | Μνασέας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δρομέως | nmod | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 δρομέως | det | high | |
| 7 | δρομέως | δρομεύς | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπικληθέντος | appos | high | Apposition to Μνασέου. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 ἐπικληθέντος | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐπικληθέντος | ἐπικαλέω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 εἴη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; understood subject is Μνασέου. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἐπικληθέντος | cc | high | |
| 11 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Agent marker with passive participle. |
| 12 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐπικληθέντος | obl:agent | high | Agent of ἐπικληθέντος. |
| 13 | Λίβυος | Λίβυος | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐπικληθέντος | xcomp | medium | Predicative name assigned in the passive naming construction. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 εἴη | punct | high | |
| 15 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | V-3S-OAI | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | Optative of reported speech. |
| 16 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 εἴη | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with εἴη. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Κρατισθένης | det | high | |
| 18 | Κρατισθένης | Κρατισθένης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 παῖς | nsubj | high | Subject of the copular predication. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |