Grammar parses for passage 6.18.3
Open translation for this passage
Λαμψακηνῶν τὰ βασιλέως τοῦ Περσῶν φρονησάντων ἢ καὶ αἰτίαν φρονῆσαι λαβόντων, ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἅτε ὑπερζέων ἐς αὐτοὺς τῇ ὀργῇ κακῶν ἠπείλει τὰ μέγιστα ἐργάσασθαι·
The opening genitive absolute is coordinated: φρονησάντων ... ἢ καὶ αἰτίαν φρονῆσαι λαβόντων. The clause with ἅτε + participle modifies the subject and gives cause/reason.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λαμψακηνῶν | Λαμψακηναί | PROPN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 φρονησάντων | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the participle; proper name used collectively for the Lampsacenes. |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 φρονησάντων | obj | high | Article with βασιλέως in the sense of the Persian king's matters. |
| 3 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὰ. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 Περσῶν | det | high | Article modifying Περσῶν. |
| 5 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλέως | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέως. |
| 6 | φρονησάντων | φρονέω | VERB | v-aap---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle governing Λαμψακηνῶν. |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 8 καὶ | cc | high | Connects the two participial alternatives. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 7 ἢ | advmod | medium | Used correlative with ἢ; relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 9 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φρονῆσαι | obj | high | Object of φρονῆσαι. |
| 10 | φρονῆσαι | φρονέω | VERB | v--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 λαβόντων | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive depending on λαβόντων. |
| 11 | λαβόντων | λαμβάνω | VERB | v-aap---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 φρονησάντων | conj | medium | Second member of the genitive absolute, coordinated with φρονησάντων. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φρονησάντων | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Ἀλέξανδρος | det | high | Article with Ἀλέξανδρος. |
| 14 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἠπείλει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠπείλει. |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | PART | d-------- | _ | 16 ὑπερζέων | advmod | high | Causal/comparative particle modifying the participle. |
| 16 | ὑπερζέων | ὑπερζέω | VERB | v-pap-smn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 ἠπείλει | advcl | high | Supplementary participle modifying the main clause subject. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 18 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτούς. |
| 18 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | p-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 22 ἠπείλει | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἠπείλει. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ὀργῇ | det | high | Article with ὀργῇ. |
| 20 | ὀργῇ | ὀργή | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὑπερζέων | obl | high | Dative of respect/cause with ὑπερζέων. |
| 21 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | a-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ὀργῇ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifying ὀργῇ; likely 'of evils'. |
| 22 | ἠπείλει | ἀπειλέω | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 24 μέγιστα | det | high | Article with μέγιστα. |
| 24 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADJ | a-p---na-s | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | medium | Accusative substantive with infinitive ἐργάσασθαι. |
| 25 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | v-ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 22 ἠπείλει | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive of ἠπείλει. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἠπείλει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
οἱ δὲ ἅτε θέοντες περὶ γυναικῶν τε καὶ παίδων καὶ αὐτῆς πατρίδος ἀποστέλλουσιν Ἀναξιμένην ἱκετεύειν, Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τε αὐτῷ καὶ ἔτι Φιλίππῳ πρότερον γεγονότα ἐν γνώσει.
The sentence is straightforward up to the main verb; the final accusative participial phrase γεγονότα ἐν γνώσει attached to Ἀναξιμένην is syntactically awkward, so its relation is annotated with low confidence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | lxx | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 4 θέοντες | det | high | Article with participle functioning substantively. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 4 θέοντες | mark | high | Causal/comparative marker with participle. |
| 4 | θέοντες | θέω | VERB | PAP-APM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advcl | high | Adverbial participle modifying the main verb. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | _ | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | case | high | Preposition governing genitives. |
| 6 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-P---FG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obl | high | Part of the prepositional phrase depending on ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 γυναικῶν | cc | high | Paired conjunction. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 γυναικῶν | cc | high | Paired conjunction. |
| 9 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-P---FG | Case=Gen|Gender=Com|Number=Plur | 6 γυναικῶν | conj | high | Second coordinated genitive object of περί. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 γυναικῶν | cc | high | Connects further coordinated genitive. |
| 11 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3FSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 πατρίδος | det | medium | Possessive/reflexive-like use modifying πατρίδος. |
| 12 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N-S---FG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γυναικῶν | conj | high | Third coordinated genitive after τε ... καὶ. |
| 13 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 14 | Ἀναξιμένην | Ἀναξιμένης | PROPN | N-S---MA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποστέλλουσιν. |
| 15 | ἱκετεύειν | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-PAN | Aspect=Imp|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-S---MD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 γεγονότα | obl | medium | Dative phrase dependent on γεγονότα; relation somewhat loose. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | cc | high | Correlative conjunction. |
| 19 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3MSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | conj | medium | Coordinated with Ἀλεξάνδρῳ. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 αὐτῷ | cc | high | Connective in coordination. |
| 21 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 22 Φιλίππῳ | advmod | high | Adverb modifying Φιλίππῳ. |
| 22 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-S---MD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | conj | medium | Further coordinated dative. |
| 23 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | _ | _ | 24 γεγονότα | advmod | high | Adverb modifying participle. |
| 24 | γεγονότα | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAP-AMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 Ἀναξιμένην | advcl | low | Accusative participle agreeing with Ἀναξιμένην; syntax likely purpose or background clause, but attachment is uncertain. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 26 γνώσει | case | high | Preposition. |
| 26 | γνώσει | γνῶσις | NOUN | N-S---FD | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 γεγονότα | obl | high | Prepositional complement of participle. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
προσῄει τε ὁ Ἀναξιμένης, καὶ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, πεπυσμένον καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν ἥκοι, κατομόσασθαί φασιν ἐπονομάζοντα θεοὺς τοὺς Ἑλλήνων ἦ μὴν αὐτοῦ ταῖς δεήσεσιν ὁπόσα ἐστὶν ἐναντία ἐργάσασθαι.
The sentence combines direct narration with reported speech and two infinitival complements of φασιν; the final clause ἦ μὴν ... ἐργάσασθαι is syntactically difficult and partly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσῄει | προσέρχομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the sentence. |
| 2 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 1 προσῄει | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀναξιμένης | det | high | Article with the subject name. |
| 4 | Ἀναξιμένης | Ἀναξιμένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 προσῄει | nsubj | high | Subject of προσῄει. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσῄει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 φασιν | cc | medium | Connects the second reported action to the first. |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Ἀλέξανδρον | det | high | Article with Ἀλέξανδρον. |
| 8 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 φασιν | obj | medium | Accusative subject/theme of the infinitival report. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 Ἀλέξανδρον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | πεπυσμένον | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-RMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 Ἀλέξανδρον | acl | high | Perfect participle modifying Ἀλέξανδρον. |
| 11 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 14 ἥκοι | mark | medium | Introduces the indirect question. |
| 12 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 13 αἰτίαν | det | medium | Relative/interrogative form modifying αἰτίαν. |
| 13 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἥκοι | obj | high | Object within the indirect question. |
| 14 | ἥκοι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 10 πεπυσμένον | ccomp | high | Finite clause dependent on πεπυσμένον, with indirect-question force. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 κατομόσασθαί | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 16 | κατομόσασθαί | καταμνύω | VERB | V-AAN | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 17 φασιν | xcomp | high | Complement infinitive dependent on φασιν. |
| 17 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 προσῄει | conj | high | Reported-speech verb coordinated to προσῄει. |
| 18 | ἐπονομάζοντα | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 16 κατομόσασθαί | advcl | medium | Participial modifier within the infinitival clause; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | θεοὺς | θεός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπονομάζοντα | obj | high | Object of ἐπονομάζοντα. |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 21 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | Article with Ἑλλήνων. |
| 21 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 θεοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of θεοὺς. |
| 22 | ἦ | ἦ | PART | _ | _ | 23 μὴν | advmod | medium | Part of the oath formula ἦ μὴν. |
| 23 | μὴν | μήν | PART | _ | _ | 30 ἐργάσασθαι | discourse | medium | Oath/emphatic particle, loosely attached to the second infinitive. |
| 24 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 26 δεήσεσιν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier with δεήσεσιν. |
| 25 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 δεήσεσιν | det | high | Article with δεήσεσιν. |
| 26 | δεήσεσιν | δέησις | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ἐργάσασθαι | obl | medium | Dative complement of ἐργάσασθαι, though the exact construction is somewhat loose. |
| 27 | ὁπόσα | ὅσος | PRON | R-NPA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 28 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστὶν. |
| 28 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 29 ἐναντία | cop | high | Copula with ἐναντία. |
| 29 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 30 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | medium | Predicate adjective with infinitive ἐργάσασθαι; analysis approximate. |
| 30 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-ANM | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 17 φασιν | conj | medium | Second infinitival complement of φασιν; construction is syntactically difficult. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσῄει | punct | high | Punctuation. |