Grammar parses for passage 6.18.3
Open translation for this passage
Λαμψακηνῶν τὰ βασιλέως τοῦ Περσῶν φρονησάντων ἢ καὶ αἰτίαν φρονῆσαι λαβόντων, ὁ Ἀλέξανδρος ἅτε ὑπερζέων ἐς αὐτοὺς τῇ ὀργῇ κακῶν ἠπείλει τὰ μέγιστα ἐργάσασθαι·
Genitive absolute at the opening: the Lampsacenes are understood as having adopted Persian sympathies or having taken a reason to do so; ἅτε with the causal participle ὑπερζέων explains Alexander's anger, and ἠπείλει governs the infinitive ἐργάσασθαι with τὰ μέγιστα as an accusative of extent/result.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λαμψακηνῶν | Λαμψακηνός | PROPN | A-GEN-PL | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 φρονησάντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive-absolute participles. |
| 2 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-PL-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλέως | det | high | Article with βασιλέως, substantivally forming the object phrase. |
| 3 | βασιλέως | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-GEN-S-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 φρονησάντων | obj | medium | Genitive complement within the phrase τὰ βασιλέως τοῦ Περσῶν, construed as Persian-king sympathies/interests. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GEN-S-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Περσῶν | det | high | Article modifying Περσῶν. |
| 5 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-GEN-PL-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλέως | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέως. |
| 6 | φρονησάντων | φρονέω | VERB | V-AAP-GEN-PL-M | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 22 ἠπείλει | advcl | medium | Genitive-absolute participle; aorist active, with Λαμψακηνῶν as subject. |
| 7 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C | _ | 10 φρονῆσαι | cc | high | Coordinates the two alternative participial constructions. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | PART | D | _ | 10 φρονῆσαι | advmod | high | Emphatic/additive particle. |
| 9 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ACC-S-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 φρονῆσαι | obj | high | Object of λαβόντων. |
| 10 | φρονῆσαι | φρονέω | VERB | V-AAN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 11 λαβόντων | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive dependent on λαβόντων: to think/entertain a view. |
| 11 | λαβόντων | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-AAP-GEN-PL-M | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 22 ἠπείλει | advcl | high | Second coordinated genitive-absolute participle. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἠπείλει | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NOM-S-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἀλέξανδρος | det | high | Article with Ἀλέξανδρος. |
| 14 | Ἀλέξανδρος | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-NOM-S-M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 ἠπείλει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠπείλει. |
| 15 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C | _ | 16 ὑπερζέων | mark | high | Causal subordinator introducing the participial clause. |
| 16 | ὑπερζέων | ὑπερζέω | VERB | V-PAP-NOM-S-M | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 22 ἠπείλει | advcl | high | Causal participle agreeing with Alexander: being excessively inflamed/boiling with anger. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 18 αὐτοὺς | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτούς. |
| 18 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | P-ACC-PL-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 16 ὑπερζέων | obl | high | Object of anger expressed with ἐς: against them. |
| 19 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DAT-S-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ὀργῇ | det | high | Article with ὀργῇ. |
| 20 | ὀργῇ | ὀργή | NOUN | N-DAT-S-F | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ὑπερζέων | obl | high | Dative of manner/cause with ὑπερζέων: boiling with anger. |
| 21 | κακῶν | κακός | ADJ | A-GEN-PL-N | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐργάσασθαι | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ἐργάσασθαι, likely denoting evil deeds or harms. |
| 22 | ἠπείλει | ἀπειλέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb: threatened. |
| 23 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-ACC-PL-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 24 μέγιστα | det | high | Article substantivizing μέγιστα. |
| 24 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADJ | A-ACC-PL-N-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἐργάσασθαι | obj | high | Substantivized superlative: the greatest things/deeds. |
| 25 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-AMN | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Inf|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 22 ἠπείλει | xcomp | high | Infinitival complement of ἠπείλει; τὰ μέγιστα is its object. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἠπείλει | punct | high |
οἱ δὲ ἅτε θέοντες περὶ γυναικῶν τε καὶ παίδων καὶ αὐτῆς πατρίδος ἀποστέλλουσιν Ἀναξιμένην ἱκετεύειν, Ἀλεξάνδρῳ τε αὐτῷ καὶ ἔτι Φιλίππῳ πρότερον γεγονότα ἐν γνώσει.
The final accusative participial phrase γεγονότα ... ἐν γνώσει is an adjunct to Ἀναξιμένην, with coordinated datives marking Alexander and Philip as persons to whom he had previously been known.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T----NM-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 4 θέοντες | mark | high | Introduces circumstantial causal/explanatory participial construction. |
| 4 | θέοντες | θέω | VERB | V-PAP-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with οἱ. |
| 5 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 γυναικῶν | case | high | |
| 6 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N----GFP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 θέοντες | obl | high | Object of concern with περί. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 γυναικῶν | cc | high | First member of τε...καί coordination. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 9 παίδων | cc | high | |
| 9 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N----GMP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 γυναικῶν | conj | high | Coordinated genitive with γυναικῶν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 12 πατρίδος | cc | high | |
| 11 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---GF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πατρίδος | det | high | Intensifying/emphatic pronoun modifying πατρίδος. |
| 12 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N----GFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 γυναικῶν | conj | high | Third coordinated object of concern with περί. |
| 13 | ἀποστέλλουσιν | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | Ἀναξιμένην | Ἀναξιμένης | PROPN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | obj | high | Person sent. |
| 15 | ἱκετεύειν | ἱκετεύω | VERB | V-PAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive expressing the purpose/content of sending. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 γεγονότα | obl | medium | Dative with γεγονότα, indicating the person known to Alexander. |
| 18 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀλεξάνδρῳ and Φιλίππῳ. |
| 19 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---DM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | appos | high | Emphatic appositive: Alexander himself. |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 22 Φιλίππῳ | cc | high | |
| 21 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 24 γεγονότα | advmod | high | Further/also, modifying γεγονότα. |
| 22 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N----DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 Ἀλεξάνδρῳ | conj | high | Second dative complement coordinated with Ἀλεξάνδρῳ. |
| 23 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-S---N-S | Degree=Pos | 24 γεγονότα | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, modifying γεγονότα. |
| 24 | γεγονότα | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RAP-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 14 Ἀναξιμένην | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Ἀναξιμένην: previously known/familiar to Alexander and Philip. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 γνώσει | case | high | |
| 26 | γνώσει | γνῶσις | NOUN | N----DFS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 γεγονότα | obl | medium | Phrase ἐν γνώσει is idiomatic; its exact semantic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀποστέλλουσιν | punct | high |
προσῄει τε ὁ Ἀναξιμένης, καὶ τὸν Ἀλέξανδρον, πεπυσμένον καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν ἥκοι, κατομόσασθαί φασιν ἐπονομάζοντα θεοὺς τοὺς Ἑλλήνων ἦ μὴν αὐτοῦ ταῖς δεήσεσιν ὁπόσα ἐστὶν ἐναντία ἐργάσασθαι.
The main coordination is προσῄει ... καὶ φασιν; φασιν governs the infinitival report κατομόσασθαι ... ἐργάσασθαι, with Alexander as accusative subject. The final ὁπόσα ... ἐναντία clause is syntactically compressed and its attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | προσῄει | προσέρχομαι | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 προσῄει | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 4 Ἀναξιμένης | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀναξιμένης | Ἀναξιμένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 1 προσῄει | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσῄει | punct | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 φασιν | cc | high | |
| 7 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | D-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 8 Ἀλέξανδρον | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 16 κατομόσασθαί | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive κατομόσασθαι. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πεπυσμένον | punct | high | |
| 10 | πεπυσμένον | πυνθάνομαι | VERB | V-RMP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Middle | 8 Ἀλέξανδρον | advcl | medium | Supplementary/temporal participle agreeing with Ἀλέξανδρον; understood subject is Alexander. |
| 11 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | P | AdpType=Prep | 12 ἥντινα | case | high | |
| 12 | ἥντινα | ὅστις | PRON | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 13 αἰτίαν | det | high | Relative-interrogative determiner with αἰτίαν. |
| 13 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Singular | 14 ἥκοι | obl | high | Object of ἥκοι in the idiom καθʼ ἥντινα αἰτίαν. |
| 14 | ἥκοι | ἥκω | VERB | V-PAO-3S | Mood=Optative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 10 πεπυσμένον | ccomp | medium | Oblique optative in indirect discourse after πεπυσμένον. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πεπυσμένον | punct | high | |
| 16 | κατομόσασθαί | κατομνύω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 17 φασιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive governed by φασιν. |
| 17 | φασιν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 1 προσῄει | conj | high | |
| 18 | ἐπονομάζοντα | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 16 κατομόσασθαί | advcl | high | Participial manner/circumstance modifying Alexander's swearing. |
| 19 | θεοὺς | θεός | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 18 ἐπονομάζοντα | obj | high | |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | D-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 21 Ἑλλήνων | det | high | |
| 21 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plural | 19 θεοὺς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on θεούς. |
| 22 | ἦ | ἦ | PART | _ | _ | 23 μὴν | fixed | medium | Part of emphatic phrase ἦ μὴν. |
| 23 | μὴν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 16 κατομόσασθαί | advmod | medium | Together with ἦ, introduces emphatic asseveration. |
| 24 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Singular | 26 δεήσεσιν | nmod | high | Possessive genitive with δεήσεσιν. |
| 25 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | D-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 26 δεήσεσιν | det | high | |
| 26 | δεήσεσιν | δέησις | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plural | 30 ἐργάσασθαι | obl | high | Dative of accordance/reference: contrary to his supplications. |
| 27 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 28 ἐστὶν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, subject of ἐστίν. |
| 28 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 29 ἐναντία | cop | high | |
| 29 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plural | 30 ἐργάσασθαι | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective in the relative/quantitative clause; agreement is neuter plural. |
| 30 | ἐργάσασθαι | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-AON | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 16 κατομόσασθαί | xcomp | medium | Second coordinated infinitive under φασιν, with understood subject Alexander; ὁπόσα ... ἐναντία is its object/result content. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 προσῄει | punct | high |