Grammar parses for passage 6.18.5
Open translation for this passage
φαίνεται δὲ καὶ ἄνδρα ὁ Ἀναξιμένης ἐχθρὸν οὐκ ἀμαθέστατα ἀλλὰ καὶ ἐπιφθονώτατα ἀμυνάμενος.
The finite φαίνεται is impersonal (‘it appears’); Ἀναξιμένης is the subject of the participial clause, with ἄνδρα ἐχθρόν as the object of ἀμυνάμενος. The adverbs ἀμαθέστατα and ἐπιφθονώτατα are superlatives modifying the manner of the action; ἀλλὰ καί contrasts and reinforces the latter characterization.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | φαίνεται | φαίνομαι | VERB | V3S-PMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal finite verb governing the participial predication. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 φαίνεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 ἀμυνάμενος | advmod | medium | Adverbial καί, likely additive/emphatic with the participial clause. |
| 4 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀμυνάμενος | obj | high | Accusative object of ἀμυνάμενος. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀναξιμένης | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 6 | Ἀναξιμένης | Ἀναξιμένης | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀμυνάμενος | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of the participle. |
| 7 | ἐχθρὸν | ἐχθρός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with ἄνδρα. |
| 8 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 9 ἀμαθέστατα | advmod | high | Negates ἀμαθέστατα. |
| 9 | ἀμαθέστατα | ἀμαθής | ADV | A-ASM | Degree=Sup | 13 ἀμυνάμενος | advmod | high | Adverbial superlative, manner of the action. |
| 10 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἐπιφθονώτατα | cc | high | Coordinates the contrasting adverbial characterization. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἐπιφθονώτατα | advmod | high | Emphatic/additive adverb with ἐπιφθονώτατα. |
| 12 | ἐπιφθονώτατα | ἐπίφθονος | ADV | A-ASM | Degree=Sup | 13 ἀμυνάμενος | advmod | high | Adverbial superlative, coordinated contrastively with ἀμαθέστατα. |
| 13 | ἀμυνάμενος | ἀμύνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 1 φαίνεται | advcl | high | Aorist middle participle with nominative subject Ἀναξιμένης. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 1 φαίνεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ἐπεφύκει μὲν αὐτὸς σοφιστὴς καὶ σοφιστῶν λόγους μιμεῖσθαι·
The sentence has an impersonal/plural-seeming perfect active ἐπεφύκει with αὐτός and a predicate noun σοφιστής; μιμεῖσθαι is an infinitival complement, with λόγους as its object and σοφιστῶν as a dependent genitive. The exact syntactic relation of the predicate noun to αὐτός is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεφύκει | ἐπιφύω | VERB | V--IAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is parsed as imperfect active indicative 3sg; semantic subject is αὐτός, though the construction is unusual. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 1 ἐπεφύκει | discourse | high | Correlative/topic particle; UD relation represented as discourse. |
| 3 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-----NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Prs | 4 σοφιστὴς | nsubj | medium | Intensive pronoun, nominative masculine singular; syntactic subject/pivot for the predicate σοφιστής. |
| 4 | σοφιστὴς | σοφιστής | NOUN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἐπεφύκει | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun with αὐτός; relation to the finite verb is uncertain because the construction is elliptical or idiomatic. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 8 μιμεῖσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival complement with the predicate description. |
| 6 | σοφιστῶν | σοφιστής | NOUN | N-----GPM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 7 λόγους | nmod | high | Dependent genitive, ‘of sophists’, modifying λόγους. |
| 7 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | N-----APM- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 8 μιμεῖσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of μιμεῖσθαι. |
| 8 | μιμεῖσθαι | μιμέομαι | VERB | V--PMN- | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 1 ἐπεφύκει | xcomp | high | Present middle infinitive complement of ἐπεφύκει; subject is controlled or understood from αὐτός. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐπεφύκει | punct | high |
ὡς δέ οἱ διαφορὰ ἐς Θεόπομπον ἐγεγόνει τὸν Δαμασιστράτου, γράφει βιβλίον ἐς Ἀθηναίους καὶ ἐπὶ Λακεδαιμονίοις ὁμοῦ καὶ Θηβαίοις συγγραφὴν λοίδορον.
ὡς introduces a causal subordinate clause; οἱ is dativus incommodi/possessive with διαφορά, and the subsequent accusatives are coordinated objects of γράφει, with ἐπί governing Λακεδαιμονίοις and Θηβαίοις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Rel | 7 ἐγεγόνει | mark | high | Causal ὡς introducing the subordinate clause. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 γράφει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-Dat-Sg-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 4 διαφορὰ | iobj | medium | Third-person dative pronoun, likely personal/dative of reference. |
| 4 | διαφορὰ | διαφορά | NOUN | N-Nom-Sg-F | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐγεγόνει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγεγόνει. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Θεόπομπον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 6 | Θεόπομπον | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 διαφορὰ | nmod | high | Object of ἐς, complement of διαφορά. |
| 7 | ἐγεγόνει | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PluperfAct-Ind-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Act | 11 γράφει | advcl | high | Pluperfect in the causal subordinate clause. |
| 8 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-Acc-Sg-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 Δαμασιστράτου | det | high | Article with Δαμασιστράτου. |
| 9 | Δαμασιστράτου | Δαμασιστράτος | PROPN | N-Gen-Sg-M | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Θεόπομπον | appos | medium | Patronymic/genitival identification of Θεόπομπον; article-noun sequence is syntactically appositional. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐγεγόνει | punct | high | |
| 11 | γράφει | γράφω | VERB | V-PresAct-Ind-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; subject is understood from context. |
| 12 | βιβλίον | βιβλίον | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 γράφει | obj | high | Direct object of γράφει. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 14 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | N-Acc-Pl-M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 βιβλίον | nmod | high | Addressee/topic complement of βιβλίον. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐπὶ | cc | high | Coordinates the second prepositional phrase. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 Λακεδαιμονίοις | case | high | Here governing the dative. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-Dat-Pl-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 βιβλίον | nmod | high | First dative complement coordinated with Θηβαίοις. |
| 18 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | ADV | _ | 17 Λακεδαιμονίοις | advmod | high | Adverb meaning together/at once. |
| 19 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 Θηβαίοις | cc | high | Coordinates Θηβαίοις with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 20 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N-Dat-Pl-M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 Λακεδαιμονίοις | conj | high | Second complement governed jointly by ἐπί. |
| 21 | συγγραφὴν | συγγραφή | NOUN | N-Acc-Sg-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 γράφει | obj | high | Second coordinated object of γράφει. |
| 22 | λοίδορον | λοίδορος | ADJ | A-Acc-Sg-F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 συγγραφὴν | amod | high | Agrees with συγγραφήν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 11 γράφει | punct | high |
ὡς δὲ ἦν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον αὐτῷ μεμιμημένα, ἐπιγράψας τοῦ Θεοπόμπου τὸ ὄνομα τῷ βιβλίῳ διέπεμπεν ἐς τὰς πόλεις·
ὡς introduces a comparative/result-like subordinate clause; μεμιμημένα is a neuter plural perfect middle/passive participle with the understood subject τὰ (or implied works), while αὐτῷ is dative of agent. The participle ἐπιγράψας is circumstantial and governs the accusative inscription phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 3 ἦν | mark | high | Subordinator introducing the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | P | _ | 17 διέπεμπεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3DSI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 17 διέπεμπεν | advcl | medium | Imperfect copular verb in the subordinate clause; construction is elliptical or impersonal. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 6 ἀκριβέστατον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative phrase. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀκριβέστατον | det | high | Article substantivizing or determining the superlative. |
| 6 | ἀκριβέστατον | ἀκριβής | ADJ | A-NSNS | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter superlative in the ἐς τὸ ... construction. |
| 7 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | RD-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 μεμιμημένα | obl:agent | high | Dative of agent with the perfect passive participle. |
| 8 | μεμιμημένα | μιμέομαι | VERB | V-RMPNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 3 ἦν | xcomp | low | Perfect middle/passive participle; form is neuter plural, with an elliptical or omitted neuter plural subject/antecedent. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐπιγράψας | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἐπιγράψας | ἐπιγράφω | VERB | V-AAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 17 διέπεμπεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, sharing the subject of διέπεμπεν. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Θεοπόμπου | det | high | Article with the personal name. |
| 12 | Θεοπόμπου | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | NP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 14 ὄνομα | nmod:poss | high | Genitive possessor or author's name. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ὄνομα | det | high | Article with ὄνομα. |
| 14 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπιγράψας | obj | high | Object of ἐπιγράψας: he inscribed the name. |
| 15 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 βιβλίῳ | det | high | Article with βιβλίῳ. |
| 16 | βιβλίῳ | βιβλίον | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐπιγράψας | obl | high | Dative of the object or medium on which the name was inscribed. |
| 17 | διέπεμπεν | διαπέμπω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 20 πόλεις | case | high | Preposition governing τὰς πόλεις. |
| 19 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | RA-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 πόλεις | det | high | Article with πόλεις. |
| 20 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 διέπεμπεν | obl | high | Goal of διέπεμπεν. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 διέπεμπεν | punct | high |
καὶ αὐτός τε συγγεγραφὼς ἦν καὶ τὸ ἔχθος τὸ ἐς Θεόπομπον ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐπηύξητο.
Two coordinated predicates share αὐτός as subject: συγγεγραφὼς ἦν (‘he had written’) and τὸ ἔχθος ... ἐπηύξητο (‘the hatred ... had increased’); τὸ ἐς Θεόπομπον modifies ἔχθος, and ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα marks extent/distribution.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 2 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 ἦν | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, subject of both coordinated predicates. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 συγγεγραφὼς | cc | high | Correlative τε with following καί. |
| 4 | συγγεγραφὼς | συγγράφω | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἦν | xcomp | high | Perfect active participle with εἰμί, forming a periphrastic pluperfect. |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite auxiliary of the first predicate. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 ἐπηύξητο | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate with the first. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἔχθος | det | high | |
| 8 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηύξητο | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 ἔχθος | det | high | Repeated article introduces an attributive/relative-like specification. |
| 10 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Θεόπομπον | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 11 | Θεόπομπον | Θεόπομπος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔχθος | nmod | high | Object of ἐς; specifies the target of the hatred. |
| 12 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 Ἑλλάδα | case | high | Introduces the extent phrase ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν Ἑλλάδα. |
| 13 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | DET | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Tot | 15 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηύξητο | obl | high | Extent/distribution complement of ἐπηύξητο. |
| 16 | ἐπηύξητο | ἐπαυξάνω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 5 ἦν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; middle voice is lexical/deponent-like here. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high |