Grammar parses for passage 6.20.13
Open translation for this passage
πρῶται μὲν δὴ ἑκατέρωθεν αἱ πρὸς τῇ στοᾷ τῇ Ἀγνάπτου χαλῶσιν ὕσπληγες, καὶ οἱ κατὰ ταύτας ἑστηκότες ἐκθέουσιν ἵπποι πρῶτοι·
The subject of χαλῶσιν is αἱ ... ὕσπληγες, with πρῶται as predicate/initially foremost; οἱ ... ἑστηκότες is the subject of ἐκθέουσιν, and ἵπποι is a delayed appositional or predicative specification. The exact force of πρῶται is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶται | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NPF | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὕσπληγες | amod | medium | Agrees with ὕσπληγες; semantically ‘first’. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 11 χαλῶσιν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν, answered by καί. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G--------- | _ | 11 χαλῶσιν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἑκατέρωθεν | ἑκατέρωθεν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 11 χαλῶσιν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning ‘from either side’. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὕσπληγες | det | high | |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 8 στοᾷ | case | high | With dative τῇ στοᾷ. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 στοᾷ | det | high | |
| 8 | στοᾷ | στοά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὕσπληγες | nmod | high | Place/reference phrase with πρός. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 στοᾷ | det | high | Article repeated with the proper-name genitive phrase. |
| 10 | Ἀγνάπτου | Ἀγνάπτος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 στοᾷ | nmod | medium | Proper name dependent on στοᾷ; spelling and declension are relatively rare. |
| 11 | χαλῶσιν | χαλάω | VERB | V-PSA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb ‘release/lower’. |
| 12 | ὕσπληγες | ὕσπληξ | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 χαλῶσιν | nsubj | high | Starting barriers; subject of χαλῶσιν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 χαλῶσιν | punct | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἑστηκότες | det | high | Substantivizing article with ἑστηκότες. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R--------- | _ | 17 ταύτας | case | high | With accusative ταύτας. |
| 17 | ταύτας | οὗτος | PRON | D-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἑστηκότες | obl | medium | Refers to the ὕσπληγες; κατά phrase means ‘along/by these’. |
| 18 | ἑστηκότες | ἵστημι | VERB | V-RPA-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | nsubj | high | Perfect active participle, substantivized: ‘those standing’. |
| 19 | ἐκθέουσιν | ἐκθέω | VERB | V-PIA-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 χαλῶσιν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb. |
| 20 | ἵπποι | ἵππος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | appos | medium | Likely delayed apposition/specification of οἱ ... ἑστηκότες. |
| 21 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | A--NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 ἵπποι | amod | high | Agrees with ἵπποι; ‘first’. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 χαλῶσιν | punct | high |
θέοντές τε δὴ γίνονται κατὰ τοὺς εἰληχότας ἑστάναι τὴν δευτέραν τάξιν, καὶ τηνικαῦτα χαλῶσιν αἱ ὕσπληγες αἱ ἐν τῇ δευτέρᾳ τάξει·
The first clause describes runners assigned to stand in the second rank; the coordinated clause has the starting-gates as subject and χαλῶσιν as its finite predicate.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | θέοντές | θέω | VERB | V- PPA-NMP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 γίνονται | advcl | high | Concessive/temporal participle: 'running'. |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 θέοντές | cc | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 4 γίνονται | discourse | high | |
| 4 | γίνονται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V- PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 εἰληχότας | case | high | With accusative: according to. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-AMP | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 εἰληχότας | det | high | |
| 7 | εἰληχότας | λαγχάνω | VERB | V- RPA-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 4 γίνονται | obl | high | Substantivized perfect participle, governed by κατά. |
| 8 | ἑστάναι | ἵστημι | VERB | V- RAN | Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 εἰληχότας | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to εἰληχότας. |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-AFA | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τάξιν | det | high | |
| 10 | δευτέραν | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-AFA | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 τάξιν | amod | high | |
| 11 | τάξιν | τάξις | NOUN | N-AFA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἑστάναι | obj | high | Object of ἑστάναι: to stand in the second rank. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γίνονται | punct | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 χαλῶσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 14 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 χαλῶσιν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb, 'then/at that moment'. |
| 15 | χαλῶσιν | χαλάω | VERB | V- PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 4 γίνονται | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject follows. |
| 16 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ὕσπληγες | det | high | |
| 17 | ὕσπληγες | ὕσπληξ | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 χαλῶσιν | nsubj | high | |
| 18 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 τάξει | det | high | |
| 19 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 τάξει | case | high | |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τάξει | det | high | |
| 21 | δευτέρᾳ | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 τάξει | amod | high | |
| 22 | τάξει | τάξις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὕσπληγες | nmod | high | Relative/identifying modifier: the starting-gates in the second rank. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γίνονται | punct | high |
διὰ πάντων τε κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον συμβαίνει τῶν ἵππων, ἔστʼ ἂν ἐξισωθῶσιν ἀλλήλοις κατὰ τῆς πρῴρας τὸ ἔμβολον·
The construction means that the same relation holds throughout the horses until they are equalized with one another; ἔστʼ ἂν introduces a temporal subjunctive clause. The final κατὰ τῆς πρῴρας phrase is treated as modifying ἐξισωθῶσιν, while the comma-clause subject/result relation remains somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 2 πάντων | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive πάντων. |
| 2 | πάντων | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συμβαίνει | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive plural, probably ‘throughout/all’ in the idiomatic phrase διὰ πάντων. |
| 3 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 συμβαίνει | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc | 7 λόγον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative λόγον. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λόγον | det | high | |
| 6 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λόγον | amod | high | Attributive adjective ‘same’. |
| 7 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 συμβαίνει | obl | high | Object of κατά in the idiom κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον. |
| 8 | συμβαίνει | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 10 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συμβαίνει | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on συμβαίνει, likely specifying the horses concerned. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμβαίνει | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἔστʼ | ἕως | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | mark | medium | Elided form of ἕως, introducing the temporal clause. |
| 13 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | PART | _ | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | aux | high | Modal particle with the subjunctive. |
| 14 | ἐξισωθῶσιν | ἐξισόω | VERB | V-APS-3P | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 8 συμβαίνει | advcl | high | Temporal subjunctive under ἕως ἄν; understood subject is the horses. |
| 15 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | obl | high | Reciprocal dative with ἐξισόω. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | Case=Gen | 18 πρῴρας | case | medium | Genitive construction indicating position or comparison. |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 πρῴρας | det | high | |
| 18 | πρῴρας | πρῷρα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | obl | medium | Genitive governed by κατά; phrase likely specifies the location/point at the prow. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἔμβολον | det | high | |
| 20 | ἔμβολον | ἔμβολον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | nsubj:pass | medium | Neuter nominative subject of ἐξισωθῶσιν is syntactically difficult; alternatively it may be an elliptical predicative/object-like element. Annotation marks the most plausible local relation. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμβαίνει | punct | high |