Grammar parses for passage 6.20.13
Open translation for this passage
πρῶται μὲν δὴ ἑκατέρωθεν αἱ πρὸς τῇ στοᾷ τῇ Ἀγνάπτου χαλῶσιν ὕσπληγες, καὶ οἱ κατὰ ταύτας ἑστηκότες ἐκθέουσιν ἵπποι πρῶτοι·
The sentence consists of two coordinated clauses; the first is a descriptive nominal clause with a relative finite verb, and the second has a participial modifier phrase before the main verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρῶται | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ὕσπληγες | amod | high | Attributive adjective agreeing with ὕσπληγες. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 12 ὕσπληγες | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 12 ὕσπληγες | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἑκατέρωθεν | ἑκατέρωθεν | ADV | _ | _ | 12 ὕσπληγες | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the predicative clause. |
| 5 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 ὕσπληγες | det | high | Article with ὕσπληγες. |
| 6 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 8 στοᾷ | case | high | Introduces prepositional phrase. |
| 7 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 στοᾷ | det | high | Article with στοᾷ. |
| 8 | στοᾷ | στοά | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὕσπληγες | nmod | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 9 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἀγνάπτου | det | high | Article with Ἀγνάπτου. |
| 10 | Ἀγνάπτου | Ἀγνάπτης | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 στοᾷ | nmod | medium | Genitive modifier of στοᾷ; likely an eponymic genitive. |
| 11 | χαλῶσιν | χαλάω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 ὕσπληγες | acl:relcl | medium | Finite verb; likely relative clause modifying ὕσπληγες. |
| 12 | ὕσπληγες | ὕσπληξ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of χαλῶσιν and core of first clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ὕσπληγες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 ἵπποι | det | high | Article with ἵπποι. |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 18 ἑστηκότες | case | high | Preposition governing ταύτας. |
| 17 | ταύτας | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 18 ἑστηκότες | obl | high | Prepositional object within participial phrase. |
| 18 | ἑστηκότες | ἵστημι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 20 ἵπποι | amod | high | Participial modifier of ἵπποι. |
| 19 | ἐκθέουσιν | ἐκθέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 20 | ἵπποι | ἵππος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκθέουσιν. |
| 21 | πρῶτοι | πρῶτος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | advmod | medium | Predicative adjective with ἐκθέουσιν; could also be construed with ἵπποι. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐκθέουσιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
διὰ πάντων τε κατὰ τὸν αὐτὸν λόγον συμβαίνει τῶν ἵππων, ἔστʼ ἂν ἐξισωθῶσιν ἀλλήλοις κατὰ τῆς πρῴρας τὸ ἔμβολον·
The syntax is somewhat compressed: the main clause centers on συμβαίνει, with a temporal/subordinate clause introduced by ἔστʼ ἂν and an internal genitival/prepositional phrase whose exact attachment is partly uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R- | Case=Gen | 2 πάντων | case | high | governs πάντων in the phrase διὰ πάντων |
| 2 | πάντων | πᾶς | ADJ | A---PGM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 συμβαίνει | obl | high | partitive/genitive complement of διὰ |
| 3 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 συμβαίνει | advmod | medium | enclitic connective |
| 4 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | Case=Acc | 7 λόγον | case | high | introduces prepositional phrase |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | L-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 λόγον | det | high | article modifying λόγον |
| 6 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | ADJ | A-S-AMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 λόγον | amod | high | attributive modifier of λόγον |
| 7 | λόγον | λόγος | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 συμβαίνει | obl | high | object of κατά, modifying συμβαίνει |
| 8 | συμβαίνει | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἵππων | det | high | article modifying ἵππων |
| 10 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N-P---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 2 πάντων | nmod | medium | genitive dependent of πάντων; construction somewhat uncertain |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμβαίνει | punct | high | punctuation |
| 12 | ἔστʼ | ἕως | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | mark | medium | likely temporal clause marker 'until' |
| 13 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | advmod | high | modal particle |
| 14 | ἐξισωθῶσιν | ἐξισόω | VERB | V-3PASP--- | Mood=Sub|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 ἔστʼ | advcl | high | subordinate verbal clause |
| 15 | ἀλλήλοις | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rcp | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | iobj | high | dative of comparison/association |
| 16 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R- | Case=Gen | 18 πρῴρας | case | high | governs genitive |
| 17 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 πρῴρας | det | high | article modifying πρῴρας |
| 18 | πρῴρας | πρῴρα | NOUN | N-S---FG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἔμβολον | nmod | high | genitive complement with κατά |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ἔμβολον | det | high | article modifying ἔμβολον |
| 20 | ἔμβολον | ἔμβολον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐξισωθῶσιν | obj | medium | likely subject/object of the passive clause, syntactic role somewhat uncertain |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 συμβαίνει | punct | high | punctuation |
τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου δὲ ἤδη καθέστηκεν ἐπίδειξις ἐπιστήμης τε ἡνιόχων καὶ ἵππων ὠκύτητος.
Syntax is compressed: τὸ ἀπὸ τούτου functions as a nominalized introductory phrase, and ἐπιστήμης τε ... καὶ ὠκύτητος forms a coordinated genitival specification under ἐπίδειξις.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἐπίδειξις | det | high | Articular article with implied nominalization of the following prepositional phrase. |
| 2 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | r-p--- | _ | 3 τούτου | case | high | Governs the genitive. |
| 3 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | p-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 ἐπίδειξις | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 4 | δὲ | δέ | PART | g--------- | _ | 6 καθέστηκεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 5 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | d--------- | _ | 6 καθέστηκεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 6 | καθέστηκεν | καθίστημι | VERB | v-3sria--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate. |
| 7 | ἐπίδειξις | ἐπίδειξις | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 καθέστηκεν | nsubj | high | Subject of καθέστηκεν. |
| 8 | ἐπιστήμης | ἐπιστήμη | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἐπίδειξις | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἐπίδειξις; likely descriptive/qualifying genitive. |
| 9 | τε | τε | PART | g--------- | _ | 10 ἡνιόχων | cc | high | Enclitic connective coordinating the genitive dependents. |
| 10 | ἡνιόχων | ἡνίοχος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐπιστήμης | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἐπιστήμης. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c--------- | _ | 12 ἵππων | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 12 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ὠκύτητος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ὠκύτητος. |
| 13 | ὠκύτητος | ὠκύτης | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐπιστήμης | conj | medium | Coordinated with ἐπιστήμης under the same head; genitive relation to ἐπίδειξις. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 καθέστηκεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |